1882, Evynich received a legacy from relatives and friends and went to the Royal Conservatory of Music in Berlin, Germany to study piano alone. 1885 after graduation, she traveled in Switzerland and France for nearly a year. After returning to London, she made friends with the Italian Revolutionary Party in exile. From them, she learned about the Italian national liberation movement and accumulated material for the later creation of The Gadfly. At that time, she also met the revolutionary mentor Engels and Russian plekhanov, which was beneficial to her. She had also been to Engels' home. During this period, Russian writer herzen and famous populist leader and writer Kravchinski also lived in exile in London. Kravchinski found that she was good at depicting characters' personality and psychology, and had a unique talent for describing details of scenery, so she strongly encouraged her to engage in literary creation and gave specific guidance and help to her creation. With his support and help, Ai Voynich lived in Petersburg, Russia for two years (1887~ 1889), and had many contacts with people from the revolutionary group "People's Party" in Petersburg at that time. She used to be a tutor in the home of a Russian general, teaching the general's wife English, and using her special relationship with the general's tutor as a cover to send clothes, food and letters to patriots detained in Russian prisons.
1889 After his return to China, Evynich continued to associate with Kravchinski. Later, a Polish revolutionary who got her help, Mi Voynich, got the address of Ai Voynich in London from his Russian friend and came to London to visit her. She fell in love with this Polish revolutionary at first sight and got married (1892). After their marriage, the couple took an active part in the activities of Russian exiles. In addition to helping her husband distribute secret publications published abroad, Ai Voynich also served as the editor of Free Russia, an exile magazine.
The literary activities of Ivynich began in the early 1990s of 19. She first appeared as a translator in English literature. 1893, she translated and published a collection of short stories by Russian writer Garson. 1894 translated and published the Collection of Political Essays by Skipnyak, and 1895 translated and published the Collection of Russian Humor. She also translated and introduced the works of Nikolai Nikolai Gogol, Yani Ostrovschi and lermontov.
Ai Voynich's main work is the novel The Gadfly (written in 1889 and published in 1897). In order to write this work well, the author personally went to Italy to study the historical materials of the Italian liberation movement in archives and libraries. This work artistically reflects the Italian people's national liberation movement against Austrian oppression in the 1930s and 1940s through the image of the leading character, the Gadfly, enthusiastically praises the patriotic enthusiasm and indomitable revolutionary spirit of Italian revolutionaries, and profoundly exposes the hypocrisy, deception and reaction of the Italian Catholic Church. Boldly promote complete atheism. Arthur, the hero of the novel, is a religious, enthusiastic and naive young man. He joined the "Italian Youth Party" during his college years. During the revolutionary activities, he met his boyhood girlfriend Joan Ma and fell in love. Soon, he was tipped off by a spy, so that he and his comrades were arrested. At the same time, he learned that Monrini was his biological father. He saw the hypocrisy of religion and abandoned the illusion of religion. After he was released from prison, he was insulted by his brother and sister-in-law and sneaked into Argentina. 13 later, Arthur changed his name to the gadfly and published an article angrily denouncing Catholicism. Later, he was unfortunately arrested and died heroically in front of all kinds of torture. At the last moment of his life, he wrote to Joan Ma, encouraging the living to unite and fight to the end. He died, still full of pride and confidence in his great career and bright future, and showed a high degree of heroism.
Due to the limitation of the author's world outlook and historical conditions, the work also has some shortcomings. The gadfly shows many unhealthy ideas in his attitude towards his biological father and love life. However, these shortcomings are not hidden in the novel. The Gadfly is an excellent work with progressive ideas and exquisite art, and its protagonist, the Gadfly, is a typical image of a rare revolutionary in the literary gallery of19th century. His tenacious fighting character, indomitable spirit and dedication to the revolution have always been a great inspiration to the revolutionary people all over the world.
Besides the gadfly, Ai Voynich also wrote some other novels, such as Jack Raymond (1900), Olivia latham (1904) and Broken Friendship (1965438+). These works are as rebellious as the gadfly, but they are not as good as the gadfly in thought and art. Olivia latham is an autobiographical novel, which tells the story of an English girl who married a Polish revolutionary. Broken Friendship describes what happened when the gadfly ran away and wandered in South America. The novel Take Off Your Boots (1945) tells the life experiences of the great-grandmother and grandmother of the gadfly and creates an artistic image of a rebellious woman.
The gadfly written by Ai Voynich is a magnificent artistic treasure, but she herself has been left out in the British bourgeois literary world, and her name has never been mentioned in the history of English literature. From 65438 to 0934, 70-year-old Ai Voynich lived in the United States and new york City. He had a hard life and was down and out for half his life.
1960 On July 28th, Ai Voynich died in America at the age of 96.