Psychological characteristics of students from grade one to grade three.

There are stages in the growth of students. From primary school to junior high school, because of the changes in physiology, psychology and environment, learning ability and interpersonal relationship, the first-year students have certain particularity. It is an important content of the class teacher's work to help them successfully complete this transition during the critical period of growth.

First, the characteristics of first-year students

1. The unity of maturity and naivety. Compared with primary school students, the first-grade students begin to enter adolescence (12- 15 years old), and their body shapes begin to change obviously, their physical functions gradually improve, and their psychology changes accordingly. For example, they can consciously perceive related things according to the requirements of teaching, and the memory with instructions is more and more dominant, and abstract thinking begins to overcome the advantages. However, there is a gradual transition between childhood and adolescence. Junior one students have just entered adolescence, and the development of rational thinking is still very limited. They still retain many characteristics of primary school students in physical development, knowledge experience and psychological quality. For example, they are generally naive, and some students are "naive". They are in an intuitive and perceptual stage, lacking in thinking and expressing their thoughts.

2. Upward and blind unification. The self-awareness of junior one students began to develop, and with certain evaluation ability, they began to pay attention to shaping their own image, hoping to get praise from teachers and classmates. Generally, they will have good wishes for junior high school life, work hard in study and discipline, and try to leave a good impression on teachers and classmates. However, due to the limitations of knowledge and experience, their independence and criticism of thinking are still in the embryonic stage, and their nervous system adjustment ability is also poor, which is easily influenced by the outside world. For example, some students are blindly complacent when they succeed, but blindly feel inferior and frustrated when they encounter setbacks; Moreover, they are emotionally contagious to each other, and they all have herd mentality when doing good things and doing bad things.

3. Unity of independence and dependence. Because of their remarkable physical growth and development, enhanced physical strength and vigorous energy, junior one students have certain knowledge and experience, the ability to work and live independently, and their independence and self-esteem are enhanced. They think they have grown up, have a sense of participation, and want to be independent and get rid of the "bondage" of adults. But after all, their physiology and psychology are not fully mature, and their persistence and independence are not enough; Lack of courage and perseverance to overcome difficulties, and still have a certain degree of dependence on family and school in life and study. For example, some students often say "don't worry about me" to their parents, but when they encounter specific difficulties in their study and life, they naturally hope to get help from teachers and parents.

4. Unity of freshness and tension. Entering junior high school, new learning environment, new teachers and classmates, especially new subjects, such as biology, geography and history. They are all colorful, which they have never touched in primary school and make them feel fresh.

1. Strengthen formative education. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the rationality and self-restraint ability of junior one students are not strong. Therefore, from the beginning of school, students should be educated according to the Code of Conduct for Middle School Students and the Code of Daily Conduct for Middle School Students. They are strictly required in appearance, manners, work and rest system and so on. But education should aim at their cognitive characteristics: first, it should aim at their cognitive characteristics. Make them full of curiosity and yearning for junior high school life, eager to integrate into the new life immediately. But before long, the new life made them nervous again. With the new curriculum and school rules, friends in primary schools are gradually alienated because of "the times have changed", and teachers in middle schools are no longer as meticulous and meticulous as primary school teachers. Especially with the increase of disciplines and complexity, the extension of class hours and the increase of exams, the teaching methods and learning methods are very different from those of primary schools. All this makes them feel intense tension and boredom. Therefore, they especially miss the easy life in primary school. They repeatedly pour out the beauty of primary school life in their compositions, diaries and conversations.

Second, educational countermeasures

We should fully love, respect and trust students. If you see more advantages of students, praise and encourage them actively; Don't criticize them publicly. The second is to adopt a natural, concrete and vivid way. For example, Chinese teachers can make full use of ideological texts such as "The Back", "The Last Lesson" and "Laoshan Border" to seize the opportunity and create situations in teaching and naturally introduce ideological education; The head teacher can give full play to the effect of the theme class meeting, such as the quiz of middle school students' daily behavior norms, praising the brilliant achievements of the motherland, praising our class, laziness-success and so on. It not only conforms to the age characteristics of junior one students, but also permeates the cultivation education.

2. Pay attention to psychological counseling. From the above analysis, it can be found that the first-year students have begun to step into the "eventful autumn" of life in various contradictions in their lives, and are prone to psychological problems and obstacles. Therefore, we should fully grasp their psychological characteristics and development contradictions, and attach importance to psychological counseling. The contents of psychological counseling for junior one students mainly include: (1) self-awareness education. For example, let students introduce themselves "I like …", "I'm afraid …", "My goal is …", "What I learn best is …" and "I can't learn well because …" Let students know themselves constantly in the process of knowing and reflecting on themselves, improve their self-discipline ability and reduce the occurrence of blind impulses. (2) Emotional counseling. Junior one students are emotionally unstable, so we should guide them to fully express their emotions and emotions, and teach them the means to control and adjust their emotions, such as talking, reading, sightseeing and playing when they are depressed and depressed. (3) Adolescent education. An obvious difference between contemporary junior high school students and teenagers of the same age in the past is that they are precocious, and their physical maturity is earlier than their psychological maturity. Physical precocity makes sexual consciousness "awaken" in advance, but their knowledge level, cognitive ability and self-control ability are still relatively low. In view of this, we should carry out educational consultation including sexual physiology, sexual psychology, sexual health and sexual morality.

3. Carry out guidance on learning law. Entering the first grade, subjects increase, capacity increases, and components that need to be understood increase; Primary school teachers help students learn in all aspects, and students rely heavily on teachers; Middle school teachers began to let students learn by themselves gradually, and students finished their homework and dominated their spare time. This makes some lazy and unstable primary school students feel tired of learning and at a loss. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate students' good study habits and methods. At this point, the head teacher should coordinate with the subject teachers and pay attention to the guidance of learning methods in teaching. For example, from the beginning, students are required to make a study plan, and gradually give students repeated and specific guidance, training and reinforcement in listening, preview, review, reading and memory methods. In addition, attention should be paid to the connection of primary and secondary school knowledge in teaching, so that students can learn step by step, establish learning confidence and stimulate learning interest.

4. Combine family education. Parents are important factors and external conditions to help junior one students grow up. Therefore, it is an important task to strive for the active cooperation of parents. The best way to win parents' cooperation is to visit students' homes in person. Home visits can not only help teachers understand students' living environment, performance at home, and the causes of personality formation, but also provide conditions for students' individual education, and also provide certain materials for parents who are eager for their children's success but lack understanding of their psychological and physical development. Practice has proved that students' daily behavior and study will be greatly improved after teachers' home visits.

Psychological characteristics of junior two students and their family education guidance

If the three-year study life in junior high school is regarded as an important period to lay the foundation of life, then the children's thoughts generally develop and change along a track during this period. The first day of junior high school is the starting point, because students are freshmen, the environment is updated and parents of school teachers attach great importance to entrance education, forcing them not to over-publicize their desires and curiosity. In the second grade of junior high school, most students began to be polarized in terms of ideology and morality, academic performance and behavioral ability. Some students who have been obedient and disciplined began to have psychological obstacles such as opposition, depression and inferiority, and appeared bad behaviors such as lying and destruction. The psychological characteristics of junior two students determine the inevitability of this phenomenon.

1. Nowadays, junior two students are generally around thirteen to fourteen years old, which is the second peak of their growth and development. With the rapid changes of physical development and the germination of youth psychology, they gradually broke through the bondage of children's model and the germination of youth psychology, and began to experience and feel some new things that had never been seen before. I have my own opinions on some issues and like to express my opinions. Therefore, the education and guidance for teachers and parents is not as easy to accept as it was in the first grade. Some busy students with excellent academic performance began to join the Youth League Committee and become the backbone of the class, while others with poor moral character began to emerge at this time.

2. With the enhancement of independent self-awareness, students' adaptation to the new environment is no longer the focus of attention, but new contradictions and conflicts based on the new environment begin to affect students' psychology, and they begin to try to get rid of the control of their parents and teachers. At home, they don't want their parents to treat them like children. They hate adults bossing them around and dealing with their own affairs. At first, they wanted to try everything independently, but because they depended on their parents and teachers in many aspects, such as economy, life, emotion and study, they could not freely control their time, behavior and life, which constituted a state of inner conflict.

3. Compared with Grade One, the subjects in Grade Two have undoubtedly increased in breadth and depth. Poor children, whose grades in primary school and junior high school are relatively stable, are now turbulent and divided. With the enhancement of their sense of equality, they have a strong self-esteem and need to be respected by others. However, due to the gradual backwardness and differentiation of academic performance, students' deep desire for respect conflicts with unequal treatment. In this way, some students with weak emotions will give up the idea of continuing to study hard and have a feeling of weariness. Some even have rebellious mentality and start playing truant and truant. Most students who have a solid study and stable grades in the second grade of junior high school are expected to successfully complete the learning tasks in the whole junior high school stage.

After entering the second day of junior high school, children become unwilling to talk, often hiding their true thoughts and burying their words in their hearts. If parents ask about the school, the child will be impatient, or a few cold words will be over. The older you get, the more obvious it becomes. During this period, children are locked by their parents on the one hand, and have a strong desire to be understood by others on the other. In addition, most of them are only children now. They want to find friendship and make friends. Once you meet people who trust and understand, they will completely open their hearts and talk about everything.

In a word, during this period, the students in senior two are "adults" and "semi-adults", and their psychological characteristics are unstable, mostly fragile, which requires us as parents to carefully observe the changes of children and do a good job of patient and meticulous counseling.

According to the characteristics of junior two students, how can parents guide them to develop into "real adults"?

Know your children correctly.

First of all, parents should respect their children's personality. Parents should understand that children are living people with normal needs and their own personality characteristics and hobbies. They are the masters of the future society in 2 1 century. They will undertake new historical missions that their fathers could not undertake. They should have the spirit of self-respect, self-love and self-improvement. Parents should cherish and cultivate their children's self-reliance spirit; Secondly, parents should look at their children comprehensively, instead of just seeing their shortcomings and ignoring their advantages. No matter how good a child is, there will inevitably be some problems in the process of growing up. On the other hand, even the most naughty poor students have many advantages and bright spots. Parents should not know their children unilaterally. They are developing people and full of energy. Many of their characteristics are constantly changing, and they will develop in a good way and evolve in a bad way. The key lies in the guidance of parents.

Here is an example. Wang Haidong, a student of the Second Affiliated Middle School of East China Normal University, is an excellent student. He won the gold medal in the "Huajin Cup" junior high school mathematics competition with 1989, and then won more than 20 competition prizes, including the first prize and the special prize in the national competition for 7 times. His achievements and honors are inseparable from his parents' education. Xiao Wang's parents don't expect their children to be "home" They respect children's choices and believe that children have the ability to analyze and judge problems independently. When they discovered Xiao Wang's advantages, their parents lost no time to cultivate them consciously. They think the role of parents is very important. On the one hand, we should be children's intimate friends, talk with children and discuss problems together. When children succeed, share the joy of success with them. On the other hand, they should be children's teachers. Once you find a problem with your child, you must point it out in time and seize the opportunity to enlighten and help. Xiao Wang's parents are very strict with their children's ideological quality. In Xiao Wang's home, there is a relaxed, happy and harmonious emotional atmosphere and a harmonious relationship.

2. Respect children's "little secrets"

Sometimes, children tell their parents their inner secrets, but parents tell others casually in front of their children, which makes them feel embarrassed. Parents are like this. First, they think that children's ignorance or wrong ideas can be used to make fun of them. The second is to lose your mind in anger and helplessness and treat ugliness with ugliness. As everyone knows, the result of this is to deepen their defensive psychology towards their parents, who will never know what they really think. There will be psychological barriers between parents and children, so parents can't show their children's ugliness in public. They should choose the right time, explain their ignorance or mistakes in the right way, and inspire their shame, self-warning and self-discipline. As children grow older, they also have a small world to keep personal secrets. Such as diary, birthday cards, etc. I don't want my parents to peek and interfere. This is a sign that children's independent personality begins to form. Parents must respect their children's right to privacy. With the opening of society, the communication between boys and girls is becoming more and more frequent and open. This kind of communication is mostly spiritual communication, which belongs to the category of friendship and is gradually recognized by the society. In today's civilized and progressive society, parents create a relaxed communication environment for their children and be enlightened parents. There is such a thing, a mother found her daughter watching movies with her male classmates, and concluded that her daughter was in puppy love, so she ran to school to report to the teacher and went to find the mother of her male classmates, which made a lot of noise in the city. After investigation, the class teacher found that there was no such thing at all, and it was purely a matter of parents catching shadows.

3. Create a good environment for educating children.

Let me give you an example: 200 years ago, there was a well-read philosopher in Connecticut, and his descendants have been handed down for seven or eight generations. In these seven or eight generations, 12 was a university president, 100 was a university professor, 14 founded a university or college, 60 was a doctor, 100 was a priest, 75 was a soldier, more than 80 became a writer, and 1 0 became a vice president. At the same time, 200 years ago, there was an alcoholic and gambler named Max Zucker in new york, USA. His descendants also have seven or eight generations. In these seven or eight generations, more than 300 people became beggars or vagrants, died by the roadside because of lack of livelihood, 7 people were sentenced to death for murder, 63 people were sentenced to prison for theft and fraud, and more than 400 people died or were disabled because of alcoholism.

The great difference between two different families shows that different family atmosphere has different effects on children's personality growth. Such as "Ping Pong Family", "Music Family" and "Calligraphy Family", such as Cao Yanhua, Fan Zhiyi and Cong Xuedi, all have a subtle influence on their children. The ancients said that "home has a new atmosphere", and respect, understanding, trust and care among family members are the basic conditions for parents. At the same time, parents are role models for children, and children learn to communicate with others by observing and imitating their parents' words and deeds, accepting social behavior norms. Therefore, the personality image of parents directly affects the formation of children's quality and the development of children's communicative competence. Only when parents cooperate with school education, educate their children in a democratic, understanding and healthy way and carry forward the traditional family virtues of the Chinese nation can the educated children be full of the spirit of the times. As parents, we should pay more attention to the way of loving children. Nowadays, the living conditions of families have generally improved. Most families have only one child. Parents love their children very much. In material life, they do everything possible to meet the needs of children and let them eat, dress and live well. However, in spiritual life, they lack care for their children. Some parents seldom talk to their children and don't understand their thoughts. They often use money to make up for their lack of spiritual care. I'm afraid it is essential for parents to take care of their children materially, but spiritual care is more important. Children need their parents' understanding, communication and spiritual comfort.

4. The requirements for children should be moderate.

Parents often make demands on all aspects of women. Because children are in the process of growing up step by step, parents' requirements must conform to the reality of children and the law of their physical and mental development. Proceed from the reality of your children, don't compare with each other, and don't encourage children to pull out the seedlings to encourage them, otherwise they will have rebellious mentality and even take extreme measures to oppose their parents' will. In particular, we should treat children's academic performance correctly. Parents should tell their children that as long as they listen carefully in class, study hard and do their best, their children will be satisfied. Even if you fail in the exam, you can't blame it for a while, but help your child analyze the mistakes, sum up them carefully, and encourage him to succeed next time. Help children realize their expectations step by step, and don't be impatient, otherwise the effect will not be obvious. Many years ago, a family tragedy that sensationalized Nanjing was caused by parents' unrealistic expectations. Two professors of Donghua Institute of Technology in Nanjing are bent on the success of their children, thinking that they are professors and their sons should be college students and graduate students. The son didn't go to college, and the couple spent a lot of money to let his son go to a self-funded college class. There have been many quarrels between father and son because their son is playful. Before an exam, the father made a rule that if his son scored below 70 points in all subjects, or failed in one subject, his family would not bear his tuition for the next semester. As a result, my son cheated in the examination room and got a zero. His mental defense completely collapsed. He thought his future was over and his parents would be ashamed. Only when everyone died could he be free from the pain, so he brutally strangled his biological parents. There is also a 9-year-old child in Qinghai Province who was killed by his mother just because his final exam score was lower than the 90-point requirement set by his mother. Therefore, parents' blind high expectations give their children overloaded learning pressure, which makes them tired of learning and physically and mentally destroyed.

5. Pay attention to frustration education and exercise children's psychological endurance.

With the rapid development of modern society, the competition is becoming more and more fierce. In the highly competitive social environment, children are faced with competition in their study and life, and will inevitably encounter failures and setbacks. Therefore, while giving children more love, we should also exercise their adaptability to the environment, how to treat failure correctly and how to adapt to various changing environments. It is necessary to educate children about all kinds of difficulties and how to deal with them, so that children can be psychologically prepared for setbacks so as not to go to extremes.

Report: A girl in Grade One and Grade Three of Senior High School, whose ambition was to take an examination of Tsinghua, failed that year. In the second year of tutoring, he failed again. The student couldn't bear the second blow and had a nervous breakdown, which led to mental disorder. Since then, I have been wandering in the street all day, disheveled and with textbooks in my hand. Everyone will say, "I'm sure I can get in. Tsinghua has reserved a place for me." There is also a girl in the third grade of the school, who is excellent in character and learning, plays the violin very well and won an award in the municipal competition. The student's family conditions are superior, and his parents regard him as the apple of their eye and care about Pang Aibei. Just because he once asked his mother for money to play, his parents refused the student's request for fear of his safety. Afterwards, the student hanged himself. At this time, this student has just entered the third grade, only five days.

Dear parents, children are the future of the motherland and the hope of the family. Parents are the first teachers of the children. We should care about our children, not only by doing it with our heart, but also by doing it with our heart, so that children can grow up healthily and become useful talents of the motherland in the future.

Psychological characteristics of junior high school students and their family education guidance

With the increase of study pressure, students entering the third grade are easy to have no confidence in their study, worry about their future, dislike their parents' preaching, be agitated and depressed, and so on. In fact, these phenomena are normal for students in grade three, but if these psychological discomforts cannot be adjusted in time, it is likely to affect students' study and exam results. So I think it is necessary to help students overcome the problems that will appear before the exam.

The first simple question: haste makes waste, which will dampen confidence.

Some students devote themselves to their studies with full enthusiasm. Some of them hope that their grades can be improved in a short time 10, 20, and some expect to get a learning method that is both easy and good, and has a miraculous effect in a short time. These students all hope to prove their ability through the exam and increase their confidence in the senior high school entrance examination. The results are often counterproductive. They can't achieve the expected results and are prone to frustration. As a class teacher, to solve such problems, we should first help students overcome their impatience and tell them to be patient in their studies and not to be eager for quick success. We hope that if we study hard this week, our grades will be improved obviously next week. It takes some effort and effort to improve your grades, so be patient with your studies. Secondly, we should make a reasonable positioning. First, we should evaluate ourselves objectively and give ourselves a reasonable position. Each of us has a different learning situation. We can't expect ourselves to make rapid progress in the last period of junior high school, which is unrealistic. We should find out our position in the class, set up a goal that can be achieved through our own efforts, and proceed from our own learning situation in order to make progress and find confidence in learning. Otherwise, it will only increase the pain in comparison with others, which is not good for your own study. It takes perseverance to study again. According to the survey of psychological teachers, nearly 30% of students think that they "have poor self-control and want to avoid when encountering difficulties", "often give up when encountering difficulties", "spend a lot of time making plans, but can't put them into action" and "learn anticlimactic". They realize that the lack of academic performance is largely due to themselves.

The second problem that is easy to appear: mental confusion and emotional anxiety.

Some students are very anxious about their study in the process of studying in Grade Three. They always feel that they have not learned their previous knowledge well, and they are afraid that they will not have enough time to review. These students always scare themselves. For example, some students worry that there is not enough review time and that their grades will drop. As a result, they even doubt whether the topic they know is correct, and when it is serious, their minds are blank. Other students' grades fluctuated after entering the third grade, always worried that they would fail in the senior high school entrance examination, and wasted a lot of time in their worries and anxieties about learning. As a class teacher, I think: first of all, we should help students maintain a normal mentality. Secondly, it is entirely possible to make rational and efficient use of the remaining time before the exam, and it is also possible to fully review and achieve good results. These students can do some positive self-psychological hints and self-encouragement, such as writing some small notes where they study, such as: "Review in a down-to-earth manner, don't be impatient"; "Please turn your attention from worrying to learning activities"; "Don't compare with others, just do what you should do" and so on. These little notes will help you stabilize your mood and regain your confidence. Third, we should learn to make a study plan, which can stabilize students' psychology. The more disorderly the state, the easier it is for people to attack everywhere, want to do everything, and then do nothing well, which in turn makes us more flustered and anxious, forming a vicious circle. If we make a reasonable study plan, we will learn in an orderly way, know what we have accomplished and what we need to do, and form a sense of learning accomplishment for the completed learning tasks, thus further enhancing our confidence in learning. In short, one principle: No matter what method is used, the basic knowledge within the scope of the examination should be truly mastered within the time specified by yourself.

The third problem: improper work and rest and low efficiency.

In the third grade, many students mentioned that they were lack of sleep, depressed, often sleepy during the day, and their learning efficiency was low, which affected their learning effect. At this rate, many students will feel very tired. At this time, I will advise students to combine work and rest, ensure sleep, make rational use of time and pay attention to learning efficiency. Although the teacher has repeatedly stressed the need to combine work and rest in the learning process of senior three, in fact, there are still too many students engaged in the "study fatigue War". Many students can survive the first half of the semester. Before the exam day next semester, they have already suffered serious physical and psychological injuries, so they have to give up their study activities. Before the exam, make sure they go to bed at about 10: 00 at night. "Work and rest to ensure sleep" is not that we don't study hard and want to be lazy, but that we can ensure our lasting learning motivation and energy. It doesn't mean that anyone who studies for a long time can get good grades, and learning focuses on methods and effects. As long as we arrange the study time reasonably and pay attention to the quality of study.

Quantity and efficiency, we can also achieve good results.