1, sigmund freud, formerly known as sigmund freud, 1856 was born in Freiberg, Moravia, Austria-Hungary, to a Jewish family.
1873 entered the medical school of Vienna university, 188 1 received his doctorate. 1882-1885 used to be a doctor in Vienna general hospital, engaged in brain anatomy and pathological research.
Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany (both parents are Jews). 1900 graduated from Swiss federal institute of technology in Zurich and became a Swiss citizen? .
1905, Einstein received a Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Zurich, put forward the photon hypothesis, and successfully explained the photoelectric effect (thus winning the 192 1 year Nobel Prize in Physics)? ; In the same year, the special theory of relativity was founded.
19 15 founded the general theory of relativity, 1933 moved to the United States and worked in the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, 1940 became an American citizen while retaining Swiss nationality? . 1955 April 18, Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey, USA at the age of 76? .
3. Theodore von Kármán, a Hungarian Jew, 1936 was born in the United States. He is a great aerospace engineer in the 20th century, who pioneered the application of mathematics and basic science in aerospace and other technical fields, and is known as "a scientific wizard in the space age".
4. baruch de spinoza, a Jew, is one of the three rationalists in modern western philosophy, as well as Descartes and Leibniz. His main works include Descartes' philosophical principles, theological politics, ethics and the theory of intellectual development.
Spinoza was born in Amsterdam to a Jewish family who fled from Spain to Holland. When he was young, he entered a religious school to train rabbis. Under difficult living conditions, he still insisted on philosophical and scientific research. His ideas spread to all parts of Europe through communication and won people's respect. 1677 died of tuberculosis at the age of 45.
5. Kafka was born in 1883 into a Jewish businessman's family. /kloc-entered Prague university to study literature and law at the age of 0/8. 1904 began to write. His main works are four collections of short stories and three novels. Unfortunately, most of them were not published before his death, and none of the three long articles were finished.
He lived in an era when Austria-Hungary was about to collapse, and was deeply influenced by Nietzsche and Bergson's philosophy. He always keeps a live attitude towards political events, so most of his works use grotesque images and symbolic intuition to express isolated and desperate individuals surrounded by hostile social environment.