Wushu examination was first introduced in the Tang Dynasty. Every dynasty is different, such as
Song dynasty: martial arts and martial arts were tried once every three years, and those who passed were awarded officials according to their grades. Those who fail in Wushu will continue to study, and they will take the exam again in the second year. Those who fail in the third test will be excluded from registration.
Ming Dynasty: once every six years in Hongzhi (1493), once every six years in martial arts, and once every three years in Hongzhi (1504). During the Jiajing period, many changes took place in the martial arts system. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (163 1), palace examination, a martial art, was established. Since then, it has been more and more consistent with the liberal arts examination regulations.
Qing Dynasty: From the institutional point of view, it basically followed the late Ming Dynasty, and the examination procedures and methods did not change much, but their importance was much higher than that of the Ming Dynasty. Martial arts examinations at all levels in the Qing Dynasty were generally held once every three years.
Question 2: Why did the imperial examinations in ancient China take place once every three years? After having obtained, after having obtained, palace examination? Your question is too general. I don't know how to answer the imperial examination system and official position of that dynasty. First of all, the author discusses the history of the formation and development of the imperial examination system, so that you can have a general understanding of the ancient Chinese imperial examination system.
Imperial Examination is a talent selection examination for ancient literati in China. This is the system of selecting officials through examinations in feudal dynasties. It is called imperial examination because it adopts the method of selecting scholars by subjects. The imperial examination system was implemented in the Sui Dynasty until the last Jinshi examination was held in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 1,300 years.
1. The ancient imperial examination system in the Sui Dynasty originated in the Sui Dynasty.
After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, in order to adapt to the development and changes of feudal economic and political relations, expand the requirements of the feudal ruling class to participate in political power, strengthen centralization, restore the power of selecting officials to the central government, and replace the nine-grade system with the imperial examination system. In the third year of Yang Di Daye, Emperor Yangdi set up the Jinshi Department, and selected Jinshi through examinations. At that time, the main test of current affairs strategy was a political paper about the political life of the country at that time, which was called test strategy. Although it was a pioneering period, there was no system, but this method of selecting candidates by subjects and trying to choose by strategy closely combined reading, taking exams and being an official, which opened a new page in the election history of China.
2. The Tang Dynasty-the perfection of the imperial examination system in ancient China
After the Tang Emperor overthrew the rule of the Sui Dynasty, he inherited the talent selection system handed down from the Sui Dynasty and further improved it. As a result, the imperial examination system gradually improved. Examination subjects in the Tang Dynasty are divided into two categories: regular subjects and system subjects. The exams held in stages every year are called regular classes, and the temporary exams held by the emperor are called making classes. There are more than 50 regular subjects such as Scholar, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Gentleman, Faming, Zi Ming and Shu Ming. Among them, Faming, Shu Ming, Ziming and other subjects are not taken seriously. Scholar and other subjects are not often held, and the scholar subject was very demanding in the early Tang Dynasty, and then it was gradually cancelled. Therefore, Ming Jing and Jinshi became the main subjects in the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Gaozong, Jinshi is particularly important. Many prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty were mostly literati. There are two sources of candidates for regular courses, one is students and the other is rural tribute. Subjects who were born in the capital and state and county academies and sent to Shangshu Province are called students; Not by the school hall, but by the state and county examination first, and then sent to Shangshu Province, the candidates are called "xianggong". Candidates who pay tribute to Beijing from rural areas are collectively referred to as juren. The state and county exams are called solution exams, and the provincial exams of Shangshu are generally called provincial exams, or they are not tested. The initial test was presided over by Yuan Wailang, the official minister, and later by Assistant Minister of Ritual, which was called Quan Zhigong. Jinshi and Denglongmen are called, and the first name is the champion or head. In February of the first year of Wu Zetian, the queen personally asked about paying tribute to Luocheng Hall, which was the beginning of the imperial examination system in China, but it did not form a system in the Tang Dynasty.
3. Song Dynasty-a period of change in the imperial examination system in ancient China.
The imperial examinations in the Song Dynasty were basically the same as those in the Tang Dynasty, including general subjects, compulsory subjects and martial arts subjects. In contrast, the number of regular subjects in the Song Dynasty was greatly reduced compared with that in the Tang Dynasty, among which Jinshi was still the most important, and most of the first-class Jinshi could be prime ministers, so the Song people took Jinshi as prime ministers. First of all, the imperial examination in Song Dynasty broadened the scope and function of admission. Jinshi in Song Dynasty was divided into three classes: the first class was called Jinshi, etc. Second-class said that Jinshi was born; A third-class scholar. Due to the expansion of the admission scope, the number of places has also doubled. In the Tang Dynasty, there were no more than 20 or 30 scholars, ranging from a few to more than a dozen. In the Song Dynasty, as many as 200 to 300 students were admitted at a time, from Dan to 500 to 600. Candidates who fail the exam repeatedly are allowed to sign up for the attached exam when they meet the emperor's exam, which is called the special name. You can also ask the emperor to have mercy, grant birth qualifications and appoint officials to set a precedent for future generations. The Song Dynasty established a three-level examination system once every three years. There was only a two-level examination system in the early Song Dynasty. The first level is the solution exam held by each state, and the first level is the provincial exam held by the Ministry of Rites. In order to select talents who were really down-to-earth under feudal rule to serve them, Song Taizu conducted the imperial examination in Kaibao for six years. Since then, palace examination has become the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system, and a three-level imperial examination system has been formally established, including national examination, provincial examination and palace examination. After the court examination, you don't need to pass the official examination, and you can directly award the official. Song Taizu also ordered that after the examination, no examiner should be called a master, and no one should call himself a protege. In this way, all the people became disciples of the son of heaven. The court exam ranked in the top three. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor announced the ranking of Jinshi in the imperial examination and hosted a banquet for Qiongyuan, so it was called Qionglin Banquet, which was followed and customized by later generations. At first, the imperial examination in Song Dynasty was held once a year, and sometimes it was not held for a year or two.
Question 3: How many years were the ancient imperial examinations held? imperial examination system
A new system of selecting officials appeared in Sui and Tang Dynasties. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the feudal regime took "Jiupin" as the first talent, appointed officials, and important positions were monopolized by aristocratic families. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the political power of civilians gradually expanded. The Northern Zhou Dynasty "chose no turbidity". After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the nine-grade system was abolished, but the practice of selecting scholars in subjects such as scholar and Ming Jing was still used. Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty established the imperial examination system, which was gradually formed and further developed in the Tang Dynasty. This system was inherited by the feudal dynasty after the Tang Dynasty and imitated by ancient Korea and Vietnam. The imperial examination system was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system became more and more perfect in the periods of Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong and Wuhou. The system of Tang Dynasty is divided into two parts: the division of scholars and the division of ordinary subjects. The system was specially called by the emperor to try, in order to be "very talented." There are many subjects in the system, such as speaking out and giving advice, being virtuous and upright, being knowledgeable and outspoken, being able to contribute to the country, being brave and safe, etc. According to the department's countermeasures, the highest person should be awarded to the US official, and the second one should only be born. Now officials can also attend classes and take exams again and again. The branch names of Changke are Scholar, Mingjing, Jinshi, Faming, Shu Ming, Shu Ming, etc., which are more than those of Sui Dynasty. In addition, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a lecture (try Laozi's Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi), and there were also lectures for boys (under ten years old). Among the regular subjects, Ming Jing and Jinshi are the most important; After Xuanzong, Jinshi branch occupied a prominent position. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, although bureaucrats were extremely important officials, they were not beautiful in the end if they were not scholars. Because this new electoral system appoints people by the subject, it is called imperial examination system. Compared with Jiupin Zheng Zhi system, the imperial examination system is characterized by selecting officials through examinations rather than family background, and its appearance has opened up the career of civilian landlords.
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Except for occasional suspension due to business, the Tang Dynasty generally set up a department to take doctors every year. Candidates come from college libraries at all levels and are called students. They are recommended by college libraries and sent to Shangshu Province to take the exam. Those who come directly from counties without warehousing are called "xianggong". They first signed up in the counties, and after passing the examinations in the counties, they were sent to Shangshu Province to take the examinations (also known as provincial examinations) sponsored by the Ministry of Rites (the official department 24 years before Kaiyuan).
The main test of the Ming Classics Department is to cover both ends of the classics, only one line is exposed in the middle, and some words are covered with paper stickers to test the examinee's ability to recite the classics. This course is mainly about memorizing as much as possible, which is easier to deal with. People who have passed the examination at the age of 30 are already regarded as "old Ming classics", and their status is not as good as that of Jinshi. The Sui Dynasty Jinshi only tried. While Emperor Taizong tried Confucian classics and history, Tang Gaozong finally tried post-Confucian classics and essays. Essays originally refer to admonition, inscription, theory, expression, etc. During the Tianbao period, poetry and fu were specially tested as the main criteria for admission. Every year, there are as few as eight or nine hundred people, and as many as one or two thousand people, of whom only a dozen or even thirty people can be reached. The exam is divided into three grades: upper, middle and lower, with the average score above being the first and the lower being the last. Due to the large number of candidates and the small number of places, most of them are lifelong. Because it is difficult to get into Jinshi, once you get the first place, you will become famous in Shilin. Therefore, it is called "fame" by the society, and it is also compared to "climbing the dragon gate", which means that you can make great achievements in your career.
Ming Law Department examines laws and decrees, Ming Mathematics Department examines mathematical works such as Nine Chapters, Xiahou Yang and Zhou Xie, and Ming Calligraphy Department examines calligraphy books such as Shuowen and Zilin. These three subjects are all professionals, and they only work in professional-related institutions after admission. There are only a handful of candidates for the Jinshi course in the Tang Dynasty.
The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty did not exist in name only. The headmaster can disclose the names of candidates. Generally, the candidates of Jinshi will catalog their literary works into scrolls and dedicate them to the examiners and important people to express themselves and strive for the recommendation of powerful people. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the official examination doctor presided over the tribute. After Zhenguan, it was presided over by foreign minister Kao Gong. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Li Ang, the foreign minister who took the exam, was scolded by a juren. Xuanzong looked down on the position of foreign minister, so he was replaced by assistant minister of rites, which later became a custom. There are other officials who are examiners, called "Zhigong". Jinshi called the examiner "chair master", called himself "protege", Jinshi called him "the same year" and Jinshi called each other "ancestors". Generally speaking, the does exam is the first month exam and will be published in February. During the Kaiyuan period, the Ministry of Rites sent people to the entrance of Zhongshu for detailed reply, but sometimes it was done before the list and sometimes after it. Before the list was published, the Ministry of Ritual submitted the admission list to the Prime Minister for comments, calling it "submitting the list". If the Prime Minister does not agree, it can be changed. The detailed system is repeated. In case of an accident in the examination room, the emperor immediately ordered a second interview. Examiners are often demoted because applicants fail in the second interview.
Gong passed the imperial examination ... >>
Question 4: What is the provincial imperial examination held every three years in ancient times?
Question 5: What exams should China take before entering the palace? What's your name after the exam? What is the first name of these exams? County examiners
Government Examination/Provincial Examination-Jurors
Examination-Jinshi
Palace Examination-Champion
If they are all first, it is ternary sum.
Question 6: The palace examination, national examination and provincial examination are all the first. What is the provincial examination, the first solution and the second Asian dollar?
Will try the first meeting.
The first scholar, the second runner-up and the third flower scout in the palace examination.
There is no specific title for third place after provincial examination, second place after examination and third place after examination.
Even won the first place in the provincial examination, general examination and palace examination, which is called "Lianzhong Sanyuan".
Ranked first in the imperial examination of the provincial capital
The words "Lianzhong Third Hospital", "Lianzhong Third Hospital" and "Lianzhong Third Hospital" originated from the ancient imperial examination system in China. Candidates in the rural exam are called "Juren", and the first name is "Xie Yuan"; The candidate for the final exam is called "Gong Sheng", and the first name is "Hui Yuan"; Candidates in the imperial examination are called "Jinshi", and the first place is "Champion" or "Dianyuan". Even won the first place in the provincial examination, general examination and palace examination, which is called "Lianzhong Sanyuan". In the ancient imperial examination system in China, there were 17 people who were able to win three yuan in a row. They are:
Zhang and Zhun in Tang Dynasty;
Sun He, Wang Zeng, Song Yao, Yang Zhi, Wang Ruocuo and Feng Jing in the Song Dynasty;
Meng Songxian of Jin Dynasty;
Wang Chongzhe of Yuan Dynasty;
Huang Guan and Shang Lu in Ming Dynasty;
Qian Ming, Chen Jichang and Dai Quheng in Qing Dynasty.
In addition, there have been two "Wu Sanyuan" in history.
First, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wang, a native of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, entered the Chinese Martial Arts Department for three yuan, and there were more than a thousand officials to the Royal Guards. He is proficient in classics and history and is good at writing poems. At that time, he called his martial arts, poetry and calligraphy "three unique skills". What is particularly commendable is that he is honest and clean, does not flatter powerful people, and is quite a gentleman.
The second is that during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhejiang native Wang Yubi even joined the Chinese Martial Arts School for three dollars. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, this man was admitted to Wu Xiucai. He was the first archer and was known as the "dead shot", so people praised him as "Wu Siyuan". Although he was born as a samurai, he never let go of his books, and his writing style was brilliant, and he also had the reputation of being an all-rounder in civil and military affairs.
Question 7: What were the first, second and third places in the ancient imperial examinations? They won the first place in the imperial examination, the second place in the imperial examination and the third place in the imperial examination, which are collectively called "three Ding Jia".
A scholar generally refers to one who won the first place in imperial and court examinations. There are also metaphors for people who perform best in this field (industry).
The second place is the name that won the second place in the imperial examination system in China.
"Exploring Flowers" is the third-ranked imperial examination topic in China. Together with the third runner-up, it is called "San Ding Jia". It appeared in the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty. "Tan Hua" was established as the third person pronoun in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Today, the name "Flower Exploration" is still enduring.
Then there are Jinshi, Gong Shi, Huiyuan, Juren, Jieyuan, Scholar, Gong Sheng and Tongsheng.
Question 8: What were the first, second and third places in the imperial examination system in ancient China?
Question 9: What was the first place in the ancient imperial examination? In the ancient Chinese imperial examination system, those who passed the last grade examination were called Jinshi. It is the name of the court examination and the winner of the ancient imperial examination. It means someone who can be knighted. This term first appeared in The Book of Rites? King system. During the great cause of Yang Di, Jinshi was established. Tang also set up this subject, all candidates called it Jinshi, and those who took the exam called it Jinshi. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Gong passed the imperial examination, and all of them were scholars. And it is divided into three parts: one is 3 people, for Jinshi and; Second, the top three, given Jinshi origin, with Jinshi origin. When you pass the exam, as long as you pass the exam, you will be awarded an official position, and the rest will be awarded an official position after three years of study.
Therefore, the first place in the palace examination is the champion, and I hope the landlord will adopt it.
Question 10: How many candidates will take the provincial examination? It depends on the courage of the applicant. Only Jinshi are eligible to take the provincial examination, and the provinces allocate places. Generally speaking, only the top 100 students in the country can advance in the exam. Because the exams are held in Beijing and Nanjing, the allocation ratio of admission places is generally 60 in the south and 40 in the north. The proportion of entrance examination should be 1 0,000:1,that is, after each rural examination,10,000 people will take the national examination, and only the first 100 people can be admitted to the judges. If you are admitted to Juren, you are qualified to be an official, and you will be the first person in China to say "Xie Yuan". Then, a juren took the exam, and palace examination was the top scholar.