Outline of National College Entrance Examination in 2008 (Key Points)
Science subjects include physics, biology and chemistry.
I. Nature of the examination
The national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities is a selective examination attended by qualified high school graduates and candidates with the same academic ability. According to the results of candidates and the established enrollment plan, the college entrance examination school conducts a comprehensive evaluation of morality, intelligence and physical fitness, and selects the best candidates. Therefore, the college entrance examination should have high reliability, validity, necessary discrimination and appropriate difficulty.
Two. Examination content
According to the requirements of ordinary colleges and universities for freshmen's cultural quality, referring to the "syllabus of full-time ordinary senior middle schools" promulgated by the Ministry of Education, and combining with the teaching practice of middle schools, the following examination contents are specially formulated.
I. Biology
Note: The content of the biology exam is the same as last year, so it is not extracted.
Second, chemistry.
Chemistry examination questions are designed to test candidates' mastery of basic knowledge and skills in middle school chemistry, as well as their abilities of observation, experiment, thinking and self-study. The test questions should also examine the candidates' preliminary application ability of the chemical knowledge they have learned and their ability to observe and analyze various chemical problems in life, production and society.
(1) capacity requirements
1. Observation ability
Through the observation of experimental phenomena, physical objects, models, graphs, charts and chemical phenomena in nature, production and life, we can obtain relevant perceptual knowledge and impressions, and have the ability to preliminarily process and remember these perceptual knowledge.
2. Experimental ability
(1) can complete the specified "student experiment" with correct basic operation of chemical experiment. (2) the ability to observe and record experimental phenomena, process experimental data and analyze experimental results, and draw correct conclusions. (3) the ability to deal with safety problems in the process of experiments. (4) the ability to identify and draw typical experimental instruments and devices. (5) The ability to design or evaluate a simple experimental scheme according to the requirements of experimental questions.
3. Thinking ability
(1) Be able to master the contents of middle school chemistry. Organize knowledge points in a unified way, make them networked, store them in order, and have the ability to repeat, reproduce and identify them correctly. (2) can decompose chemical problems and find out the key to solve them. Applications can use their stored knowledge to decompose, migrate, transform and reorganize them in order to solve problems. (3) Creative ability According to the topic setting, chemical information (including actual things, experimental phenomena, data and various information, hints and hints) is abstracted and summarized, logically unified into a law, and this law is used for reasoning (convergence and divergence). (4) Have a certain spatial imagination on the microstructure of atoms, molecules and other particles. (5) The ability to select and evaluate solutions to problems through analysis, synthesis, comparison and demonstration. (6) The ability to abstract chemical problems into mathematical problems and solve chemical problems through calculation and reasoning (combined with chemical knowledge) with mathematical tools.
4. Self-study ability
(1) The ability to quickly accept the new information given by the test questions. (2) The ability to solve problems by combining the new information given in the test questions with the relevant knowledge already learned in class. (3) The ability to apply new information on the basis of analysis and evaluation.
In fact, these four types of abilities overlap. A test question can test multiple abilities, and it can also test multiple levels of one ability.
(2) Examination scope and requirements
In order to facilitate the examination, the degree of knowledge content requirements of chemistry in college entrance examination is divided into three levels: understanding, understanding (mastering) and comprehensive application. Generally speaking, high-level requirements include low-level requirements. It means:
Understanding: Have a preliminary understanding of the chemical knowledge you have learned, and be able to repeat, reproduce, identify or use it directly.
Comprehension (mastery): understanding the meaning of chemical knowledge and its applicable conditions can correctly judge, explain and explain related chemical phenomena and problems, that is, not only "knowing why" but also "knowing why".
Comprehensive application: on the basis of understanding the essential differences and internal relations of each part of chemical knowledge, use knowledge to make necessary analysis, analogy or calculation, and explain and demonstrate some specific chemical problems.
The basic knowledge and skills of chemistry mainly include five aspects: basic concepts and theories of chemistry, simple substances of common elements and their important compounds, basic organic chemistry, chemical experiments and chemical calculations.
Basic concepts and theories of chemistry
Composition, properties and classification of long substances
(1) Understand the meaning of concepts such as molecules, atoms, ions and elements; Understand the definition of atomic groups. (2) Understand the differences and connections between physical changes and chemical changes. (3) Understand the concepts of mixture and purity, simple substance and compound, metal and nonmetal. (4) Understand the concept of allotrope. (5) Understand the concepts of acid, alkali, salt and oxide and their relationships.
2. Chemical terminology
(1) Memorize and correctly write the names, symbols and ion symbols of common elements. (2) Be familiar with the valence of common elements. Can correctly write chemical formula (molecular formula) according to valence, and can judge valence according to chemical formula. (3) Master the schematic diagram of electronic and atomic structure, molecular formula, structural formula and simplified representation method of structure. (4) Understand the meaning of the law of conservation of mass. Master the meaning of thermochemical equation. Can correctly write chemical equation, thermochemical equation, ionization equation, ionic equation, electrode reaction equation.
3. Measurement commonly used in chemistry
(1) Understand the definitions of relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass.
(2) Understand the unit of substance quantity-mole (mol) and molar mass (g? Mol- 1), the molar volume of gas (l? Mol- 1). Understand the quantitative concentration (mol? L- 1), avogadro constant. Master the relationship between the amount of matter and the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). ) and gas volume (under standard conditions).
4. Chemical reactions and energy
(1) Master the four basic types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, substitution and double decomposition.
(2) Understand the redox reaction and the concepts of oxidant and reductant. Master the common reactions of important oxidants and reductants. The direction and quantity of electron transfer in redox reaction can be judged and the reaction equation can be balanced.
(3) Understand the concepts of energy change, endothermic reaction, exothermic reaction, reaction heat, combustion heat and neutralization heat in chemical reactions. Preliminary understanding of new energy development.
solution
(1) Understand the meaning of the solution.
(2) Understand the composition of solution and the concept of solute mass fraction in solution.
(3) Understand the concepts of saturated solution and unsaturated solution. Understand the concept of solubility. Understand the influence of temperature on solubility and solubility curve.
(4) Understand the concepts of crystallization, crystal water, crystal hydrate, weathering and deliquescence.
(5) Understand the concept, important properties and applications of colloid.
6. Material structure
(1) Understand the structure of atoms and the concept of isotopes. Understand atomic number, nuclear charge number, proton number, neutron number, extranuclear electron number, and the relationship between mass number and proton number and neutron number.
(2) Take the elements with periods of 1, 2, 3 as an example to understand the electron configuration law outside the nucleus.
(3) Understand the meaning of ionic bond and valence bond. Understand polar bonds and nonpolar bonds. Understand polar molecules and nonpolar molecules. Understand intermolecular forces. Have a preliminary understanding of hydrogen bonding.
(4) Understand several crystal types (ionic crystal, atomic crystal, molecular crystal, metal crystal) and their properties.
7. Periodic law and periodic table of elements
(1) Grasp the essence of the periodic law of elements, and understand the structure (period and family) of the periodic table of elements (long form) and its application. (2) Taking the third cycle as an example, grasp the relationship between the gradual change of element properties (such as atomic radius, valence, properties of simple substances and compounds) and the atomic structure in the same cycle; Taking IA and ⅶ A families as examples, we can grasp the relationship between the gradual change of element properties and atomic structure in the same main family.
8. Chemical reaction rate, chemical equilibrium
(1) Understand the concept and expression of chemical reaction rate and the influence of external conditions (concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst, etc.). ) on reaction speed. (2) Understand the reversibility of chemical reactions. Understand the meaning of chemical equilibrium and its relationship with reaction rate. (3) Understand the meaning of Le Chatterley principle. Understand the influence of concentration, temperature, pressure and other conditions on the chemical equilibrium movement. (4) Taking the industrial production of synthetic ammonia as an example, the conditions of industrial production are understood from the viewpoint of chemical reaction rate and chemical balance.
9. Electrolyte solution
(1) Understand the concepts of electrolyte and non-electrolyte, strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte. (2) Understand the concept of ion reaction. (3) Understand the concept of electrolyte ionization equilibrium. (4) Understand the concepts of water ionization and solution pH value. (5) Understand the principle of neutralization titration with strong acid and alkali. (6) Understand the principle of salt water hydrolysis. Understand the acidity and alkalinity of salt solution. (7) Understand the principle of primary battery. Understand chemical power supply. Understand chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion and general anti-corrosion methods. 8) Understand the principle of electrolysis. Understand the reaction principle of electrolytic refining, copper plating and chlor-alkali industry of copper.
Simple elements of common elements and their important compounds
Understand the relationship between the periodicity of extranuclear electron configuration and the gradual change of element properties. The position of typical metals and typical nonmetals in the periodic table of elements and their relationship with properties are emphatically explained. Understand the simple substances and compounds of other common metal and nonmetal elements.
1.IA and IIA elements? —— Typical metals (1) Understand the physical properties of metallic sodium and master the chemical properties of sodium and magnesium. (2) The similarity and degeneracy of IA and IIA elements (simple materials and compounds) can be understood from the extranuclear electron configuration of atoms. (3) Take sodium hydroxide as an example to understand the properties and uses of important alkali. Understand the important compounds of sodium.
2. Halogen elements-typical nonmetals (1) Take chlorine as an example to understand the physical and chemical properties of halogen elements. (2) Understanding the similarity and degeneracy of halogen elements (simple substances and compounds) from the extranuclear electron configuration of atoms. (3) Grasp the chemical properties of chlorine and understand the properties and uses of several important halogen-containing compounds.
3. Other common nonmetallic elements (such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and silicon)
(1) Understand the properties of these elements and some oxides and hydrides.
(2) Take Na2O2 as an example to understand the properties of peroxide.
(3) Master the chemical properties of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
(4) Take sulfuric acid as an example to understand the determination of chemical reaction principle in chemical production. A preliminary understanding of the rational utilization of raw materials and energy, "three wastes" treatment and environmental protection, as well as the comprehensive economic benefits in the production process.
(5) Understand the properties and uses of common salts.
(6) Understand the basic properties of common fertilizers.
(7) Understand the air pollution caused by sulfur, nitrogen and carbon oxides and its prevention and control.
(8) Understand the impact of HCFCs, phosphorus-containing detergents and dust on the environment and human health.
(9) Understand the basic principles of domestic water purification and sewage treatment.
4. Other common metals (such as iron and aluminum)
(1) Understand the universality of metals and the general principle of metal smelting. Preliminary understanding of metal recovery and resource protection.
(2) Master the chemical properties of iron and aluminum.
(3) Understand the activity sequence of common metals.
(4) Take the mutual transformation of Fe (Ⅱ) and Fe (Ⅲ) as an example to understand the redox of valence-changing metal elements.
(5) Understand the important compounds of aluminum.
(6) Understand the concept of alloy.
5. Understand the properties and uses of common inorganic compounds in life and production.
6. Comprehensive application of the above knowledge.
Fundamentals of organic chemistry
1. Understand the essential reasons for the prevalence of a large number of organic compounds and isomerism.
2. Understand the concepts of groups, functional groups, isomers and homologues. Can identify the connection sequence and mode, groups and functional groups of various atoms in the structural formula (simple structure formula). Be able to identify homologues and list isomers. Understand the naming principles of alkanes.
3. Take some typical hydrocarbons as examples to understand the basic carbon framework structure of organic compounds. Master the properties and main chemical reactions of various carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-hydrogen bonds in various hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic alkynes).
4. Take some typical hydrocarbon derivatives (ethanol, bromoethane, phenol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, fatty acids, glycerides, polyhydroxyalkanones, amino acids, etc.). ) as an example to understand the role of functional groups in compounds. Master the properties of main functional groups and main chemical reactions.
5. Understand the concepts of petrochemical industry, chemical industry of agricultural and sideline products, comprehensive utilization of resources, pollution and environmental protection.
6. Understand the nature and use of common organic substances in life and production.
7. Take glucose as an example to understand the basic composition and structure, main properties and uses of sugar.
8. Understand the basic composition and structure, main properties and uses of protein.
9. Understand the main properties and uses of the main varieties of important synthetic materials. Understand the simple principle of producing polymer compounds by polymerization of monomers.
10. Through the chemical reactions of the above compounds, master the main types of organic reactions.
1 1. Differentiate, identify, separate, purify or infer the structural formula of unknown objects by comprehensively applying the different properties of various compounds. Combine the chemical reactions of various compounds to synthesize products with specific structural formulas.
Chemical experiment
1. Understand the main uses and usage of commonly used instruments in chemical experiments.
2. Be able to draw and identify typical experimental instruments and equipment.
3. Master the basic operation of chemical experiment. Understand the prevention and treatment methods of general accidents in the laboratory.
4. Master the laboratory preparation methods of common gases (including reagents, instruments, reaction principles and collection methods).
5. Comprehensive use of chemical knowledge to separate, purify and identify common substances (including gaseous substances and inorganic ions).
6. According to the experimental phenomenon, observe, record, analyze or process the data and draw the correct conclusion.
7. According to the requirements of the experimental questions, design and evaluate the experimental scheme.
8. Comprehensive application of the above knowledge and skills.
Stoichiometric calculation
1. Master the calculation of relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass and the determination of molecular formula.
2. Master the calculation of the amount of related substances.
3. Master the calculation of gas molar volume.
4. Master the calculation of solution concentration (mass fraction of solute and mass concentration of substance in solution).
5. Master the calculation of chemical reaction equations.
6. Master the simple calculation of solution pH value, hydrogen ion concentration and hydroxide ion concentration.
7. Master the simple calculation of combustion heat.
8. Comprehensive application of the above chemical calculation.
Three. physics
(1) capacity requirements
The college entrance examination puts the assessment of ability first. It is necessary to identify candidates' abilities by examining knowledge and its application, but we can't simply correspond some knowledge with some abilities.
At present, the ability to be assessed by the physics department of the college entrance examination mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Understanding ability
Understand the exact meaning of physical concepts and laws, understand the applicable conditions of physical laws and their application in simple situations; Be able to clearly understand the expressions of concepts and laws (including written expression and mathematical expression); Be able to identify specious statements about concepts and laws; Understand the differences and connections of related knowledge.
2. Reasoning ability
According to the known knowledge and physical facts and conditions, logical reasoning and argumentation are carried out on physical problems, and correct conclusions or judgments are drawn, and the reasoning process is correctly expressed.
3. Comprehensive analysis ability
Be able to independently analyze the problems encountered, find out the physical state, physical process and physical situation, and find out the factors and related conditions that play an important role; Be able to decompose a complex problem into several simpler problems and find out the relationship between them; Be able to integrate theory with practice and apply physical knowledge to comprehensively solve problems encountered.
4. The ability to use mathematics to deal with physical problems.
Can list the relationship between physical quantities according to specific problems, deduce and solve them, and draw physical conclusions according to the results, and can use geometric figures and function images to express and analyze when necessary.
5. Experimental ability
Can independently complete the experiments listed in the knowledge catalogue, clarify the experimental purpose, understand the experimental principles and methods, control the experimental conditions, use instruments, observe and analyze experimental phenomena, record and process experimental data, and draw conclusions. Can flexibly use the physical theory, experimental methods and experimental instruments to deal with problems.
(2) Examination scope and requirements
The knowledge to be tested in physics is divided into five parts according to the subject content: mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics and atomic and nuclear physics.
The degree of knowledge content required by each part is marked with Roman numerals I and II in the "table of knowledge content".
First, understand the contents and meanings of the listed knowledge, and be able to identify and directly apply it to related problems.
Two. Understand the exact meaning of listed knowledge and its relationship with other knowledge, be able to describe and explain it, and be able to use it in the process of analysis, synthesis, reasoning and judgment of practical problems.
Knowledge content
First, the motion of particles
Description of content requirements
1. Mechanical motion, reference system, particle
2. Displacement and distance
3. Uniform linear motion, speed, speed and displacement formula S =. Ventricular tachycardia-ventricular tachycardia diagram. Ventricular cardiogram.
4. Variable speed linear motion, average speed
5. Instantaneous speed (speed for short)
6. Constant speed linear motion and acceleration. The formula v=v0+at, s=v0t+at2/2, V2-v02 = 2as. Ventricular cardiogram.
7. Synthesis and decomposition of motion
8. The direction of particle velocity in curvilinear motion is along the tangent direction of trajectory, and there must be acceleration.
9. Flat throwing movement
10. centripetal acceleration A = V2/R for uniform circular motion, linear velocity and angular velocity, period and circular motion.
Centripetal acceleration's formula a=v2/R does not need to be deduced.
Second, force.
Description of content requirements
1 1. Force is the interaction between objects, which is the reason for the deformation of objects and the change of motion state of objects. Force is a vector, and the composition and decomposition of force.
12. Law of gravitation, gravity and center of gravity
13. Deformation and elasticity, Hooke's law
14. Static friction, maximum static friction
15. Sliding friction, sliding friction law
Third, Newton's law.
Description of content requirements
16. Newton's first law, inertia
17. Newton's second law, mass and centripetal force in circular motion
18. Newton's third law
19. Application scope of Newtonian mechanics
20. Application of Newton's Law
2 1. The application of the law of universal gravitation. Motion of artificial earth satellite (limited to circular orbit)
22. cosmic speed
23. overweight and weightlessness
24. The balance of objects under the action of * * * point force
Fourth, momentum and mechanical energy.
Description of content requirements
25. Momentum, impulse and momentum theorem
26. Law of Conservation of Momentum
27. Work and power
28. The relationship between kinetic energy, work and kinetic energy change (kinetic energy theorem)
29. The relationship between gravitational potential energy, gravitational work and gravitational potential energy change.
30. Elastic potential energy
law of conservation of mechanical energy
32. Application of momentum knowledge and mechanical energy knowledge (including collision, recoil and rocket)
33. Development of space technology and space navigation.
The application of momentum theorem and momentum conservation law is limited to one-dimensional case.
Verbs (abbreviation for verb) vibrate and fluctuate.
Description of content requirements
34. Spring oscillator, simple harmonic vibration, amplitude, period and frequency of simple harmonic vibration, and displacement-time image of simple harmonic vibration.
35. simple pendulum
36. Energy conversion in vibration
37. Free vibration and forced vibration, vibration frequency of forced vibration, * * * vibration and its common applications.
38. The propagation of vibration in the medium-the relationship between wave, shear wave and longitudinal wave, the image of shear wave, wavelength, frequency and wave velocity.
39. Wave superposition, wave interference and diffraction phenomenon.
40. Sound waves, ultrasonic waves and their applications
4 1. Doppler effect
Intransitive verbs molecular thermal motion, heat and work, gas
Description of content requirements
42. Matter consists of a large number of molecules, Avon Gadereau constant, thermal motion of molecules, Brownian motion and intermolecular interaction.
43. The kinetic energy and temperature of molecular thermal motion are the signs of the average kinetic energy of molecular thermal motion, the potential energy of intermolecular interaction and the internal energy of an object.
44. Doing work and heat transfer are two ways to change the internal energy of an object, and they are the laws of conservation of heat and energy.
45. The first law of thermodynamics
46. The second law of thermodynamics
47. perpetual motion machine is impossible.
48. Absolute zero is unattainable.
49. Energy development and utilization, energy utilization and environmental protection
50. State and state parameters of gas, thermodynamic temperature
5 1. Relationship among gas volume, pressure and temperature
52. The characteristics of gas molecular motion
53. The microscopic significance of gas pressure
Seven, electric field
Description of content requirements
54. Two kinds of charges, charge conservation.
55. Coulomb's Law and Charge in Vacuum
56. Electric field, electric field intensity, electric field line, electric field intensity of point charge, uniform electric field and superposition of electric field intensity.
57. Electric potential energy, potential difference, potential and equipotential surface
58. The relationship between potential difference and electric field strength in uniform electric field.
59. Electrostatic shielding
60. The motion of charged particles in a uniform electric field.
6 1. oscilloscope and its application
62. Capacitance of capacitor
63. The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor, commonly used capacitor.
The calculation of the motion of charged particles in a uniform electric field is limited to the case that the velocity of charged particles is parallel or perpendicular to the field strength when they enter the electric field.
Eight, steady flow
Description of content requirements
64. Current, Ohm's Law, Resistance and Resistance Law
65. The relationship between resistivity and temperature
66. Semiconductors and their applications, superconductivity and their applications
67. Series, parallel, series circuit resistance voltage division, shunt function of parallel circuit.
68. Power distribution, series and parallel circuits
69. The electromotive force and internal resistance of power supply, Ohm's law of closed circuit, and the terminal voltage of road.
70. Measure current, voltage and resistance (use ammeter, voltmeter and multimeter to measure resistance by voltammetry).
Nine, magnetic field
Description of content requirements
7 1. Current magnetic field
72. Magnetic induction intensity, magnetic induction line and geomagnetic field
73. Magnetic materials, molecular current hypothesis
74. The influence of magnetic field on charged straight line, Ampere force and left hand rule.
75. The principle of magnetoelectric instrument
76. The influence of magnetic field on moving charge, Lorentz force and charged particles moving in uniform magnetic field.
77. Cyclotron mass spectrometer
1. The calculation of ampere force is limited to two cases: the straight line is parallel or perpendicular to B.
2. The calculation of Lorentz force is limited to two cases where V is parallel or perpendicular to B..
Electromagnetic induction
78.electromagnetic induction. Magnetic flux. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. lenz law
79. The induced electromotive force when the conductor cuts the magnetic induction line. Right-handed rule
80. Self-induction phenomenon
8 1. fluorescent lamp
1. The calculation of induced electromotive force when the conductor cuts the magnetic induction line is limited to the case that L is perpendicular to B and V..
2. In the electromagnetic induction phenomenon, it is not required to judge the potential of each point in the internal circuit.
XI。 alternating-current
82. Alternator and its principle of generating sinusoidal alternating current. Image and trigonometric function expression of sinusoidal current. Maximum and effective values, period and frequency.
83. The influence of resistance, inductance and capacitance on alternating current.
84. The principle of transformer, voltage ratio and current ratio.
85. Power transmission
Only the single-phase ideal transformer needs to be discussed.
Twelve, electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave
86. Electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves. Period, frequency, wavelength and wave velocity of electromagnetic waves.
87. Transmission and reception of radio waves
88.television. radar
Thirteen. Reflection and refraction of light
89. Linear propagation of light. Umbra and penumbra
90. Reflection of light, law of reflection. Plane mirror imaging drawing method
9 1. refraction, refraction law, refractive index, total reflection of light and critical angle.
92. Optical fiber
93. Prisms. scattering of light
Fourteen The fluctuation and particularity of light
94. A brief history of the development of light nature theory.
95. Light interference phenomenon, double slit interference and thin film interference. The relationship between the distance between double-slit interference fringes and wavelength.
96. Diffraction of light
97. Polarization of light
98. Spectra and spectral analysis. Infrared ray, ultraviolet ray, X ray, R ray and their applications. The electromagnetic nature of light. Electromagnetic spectrum.
99. Photoelectric effect. Photons. Einstein photoelectric effect equation
100. Wave-particle duality of light. material wave
Characteristics and application of 10 1. laser
Fifteen, atoms and nuclei
102.α particle scattering experiment. Nuclear structure of atoms
103. Energy level structure of hydrogen atom. Photon emission and absorption
104. hydrogen atom electron cloud
105. Composition of atomic nucleus. Natural radiation phenomenon. Alpha rays, beta rays and gamma rays. Rot. Half-life.
106. Artificial nuclear modification. Nuclear Reaction Equation, Radioisotopes and Their Applications
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108. nuclear energy. Quality defects. Einstein's equation of mass and energy.
109. Fission of heavy nuclei. Chain reaction. nuclear reactor
1 10. Light nuclear fusion. Controllable thermonuclear reaction
1 1 1. Human understanding of material structure
Sixteen, the unit system
1 12. System of units. The basic units of the international system of units and other physical quantities involved in middle school physics.
Hours, minutes, degrees Celsius (℃), standard atmospheric pressure, liters and electron volts (EV) I know the unit symbols specified in the International System of Units.
Seventeen. experiment
1 13. Length measurement
1 14. Study uniform linear motion.
1 15. Explore the relationship between elasticity and spring elongation.
1 16. parallelogram rule of verification force
1 17. Accept the law of conservation of momentum
1 18. Study the motion of flat projectile.
1 19. Verify the law of conservation of mechanical energy
120. Measuring the acceleration of gravity with a simple pendulum
12 1. Estimation of molecular size by oil film method
122. Draw an equipotential line on the plane in the electric field by description.
123. Measure the resistivity of metals (and practice using the screw micrometer at the same time)
124. Describe the volt-ampere characteristic curve of small electric beads.
125. Convert ammeter into voltmeter.
126. Determine the electromotive force and internal resistance of the power supply.
127. Check the electrical components in the black box with a multi-function ammeter.
Practice using an oscilloscope.
129. Simple application of sensor
130. determination of refractive index of glass
13 1. wavelength of double-slit interferometry.
1. The instruments required to be used correctly mainly include: scale, vernier caliper, screw micrometer, balance, stopwatch, spark timer or electromagnetic point counter, spring dynamometer, thermometer, ammeter, voltmeter, multi-purpose ammeter, sliding rheostat, resistance box, etc.
2. It is required to know the importance of the error problem in the experiment, understand the concept of error, and know the systematic error and accidental error; Know how to reduce accidental errors by averaging multiple measurements; Can analyze the main sources of errors in some experiments; No calculation error is needed.
3. It is required to know the concept of significant figures, and the results of direct measurement will be expressed by significant figures. Effective digital operation without indirect measurement.
(3) Proposition requirements
Guided by the ability test, this paper examines the candidates' mastery of the basic knowledge and skills of related courses, as well as their ability to comprehensively use the learned knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems. Pay attention to the integration of theory with practice and the coordinated development of science and technology, social economy and ecological environment; Attention should be paid to the examination of scientific literacy of candidates.
Examination form and examination paper structure
First, the answer method
Closed book and written test
Second, the examination time
Examination time 150 minutes. The full mark of the test paper is 300.
Third, the question type
Examination papers generally include multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice questions, among which non-multiple-choice questions include fill-in-the-blank questions, experimental questions, drawing questions, calculation questions and short-answer questions.
Fourth, the content ratio
The contents of physics, chemistry and biology are about 40%, 36% and 24% respectively.
Fifth, the difficulty of the test questions
The test paper includes easy questions, medium problems and difficult problems, with medium problems as the main ones.
Sixth, the principle of composition
The test questions are mainly arranged according to the type, content and difficulty, with multiple-choice questions in the front and non-multiple-choice questions in the back. The test questions of the same subject are relatively concentrated, and the different test questions of the same subject are arranged in the order from easy to difficult as far as possible.