In Guangzhou senior high school entrance examination, classical Chinese is basically the key chapter in junior high school, and the translation question is about 4 points, but many people can't get the ideal score in the exam. The main reason is that the meaning of key classical Chinese words is not grasped in place and the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns are not clarified.
The first part: Analysis of wrong questions.
1. (Guangzhou senior high school entrance examination 20 1 1) (excerpt from Tang Ju's mission)
Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (4 points)
(1) An made Tang Ju in Qin.
(2) Is it 500 Li?
2. Read Zou Ji's satire on Qi Wang and complete the 9 ~ LL questions.
Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (4 points)
(1) all look better than Xugong.
② It can denigrate the city.
3. (Guangzhou senior high school entrance examination 20 17) is selected from the preface of "Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang".
Translate the sentence "Help the suspect and ask for help" into modern Chinese. (4 points)
Answer analysis:
1.( 1) An Lingjun sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. (Grasp the key words "cause" and "cause")
(2) what's more, five hundred? Pay attention to rhetorical questions in classical Chinese, and be sure to have consistent sentences when translating. The generic word "straight")
2.( 1) They all think I am more beautiful than Xu Gong. This is an ellipsis and adverbial postposition sentence, omitting the subject and direct object. The prepositional phrase guided by "Yu" is used as an adverbial to modify "beauty" and mean "more beautiful than Xu Gong".
(2) Being able to comment in public (my fault). (This sentence is also adverbial postposition, and the original sentence can be translated as "gossip in the city")
3. (1) Ask questions, ask the truth, bend over and ask respectfully. (aid the quality of questioning: ask questions and explore the truth. Aid, leadership, this is a proposal. Quality, ask. )
Part II: Common sentence patterns of classical Chinese in junior middle schools:
First of all, the verdict
In ancient Chinese judgment sentences, nouns or noun phrases are generally used to judge the subject, and the word "yes" is generally not used.
Its basic forms are: zhe, zhe, zhe and zhe.
The second is to express positive or negative judgments with such judgmental words as "Ze", "Jun", "Nai", "Wei", "namely" and "Fei".
In another case, it is not necessary to judge words, but to judge them according to the context.
For example:
(1) "Wei" means affirmative judgment, which can be translated as "Yes". For example, Dongpo is the kind of medium moth crown with many beards.
(2) "Nai" stands for affirmative judgment and can be translated as "Yes". For example, I heard that there were fewer children in the second year, so it should not be established. When it was founded, it was Fu Su, son.
(3) "namely" is a positive judgment, which can be translated as "namely".
(4) "Ze" means affirmative judgment, which can be translated as "Yes". This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
(5) "Yes" is used as a verb to express a positive judgment. Example: I am humble, but I am virtuous; You ask what this world is, I don't know there are Han people.
(6) "No" is a negative judgment and can be translated as "No". Unnatural inferiority complex; The soldiers are unyielding and profitable.
(7) "Lotus is the flower of a gentleman.
(8) "..., ... also". Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng.
(9) "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
( 10) "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
( 1 1) "………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Second, ellipsis
Omitting a word or a component in a sentence is very common in classical Chinese. Mainly includes:
(1) Omit the subject
A, inherit the former province: fishermen are very different ... (fishermen) leave the ship and enter from the mouth.
Hou Meng Province
C. Dialogue province: Example (this) is also loyal. ("The Debate of Cao Gui") (This, instead of the previous article "The size of the prison, although not inspected, there must be love")
(2) omit the predicate or verb
Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. (Ten Analects of Confucius)
One bite, then (drum) and decline, three bites (drum) and exhausted. (Cao Gui Debate)
(3) Omit the object
Throw (it) with a bone. (wolf)
You and (it) came together. ("Longzhong Dui")
(4) Omitting prepositions
The forest is short of water. (Peach Blossom Garden)
The arrow is fast. (A letter with Zhu)
(5) Omitting quantifiers: Quantifiers are often omitted after numerals in classical Chinese.
A desk, a chair, a fan and a ruler.