Keywords: natural resources, natural materials mathematics
The combination of nature education and mathematics in kindergarten large classes
Nature education is to let the experiencer receive education in the labor under the ecological and natural systems; How to cultivate experiencers according to nature, how to cultivate experiencers to release their potential, how to cultivate comprehensive qualities such as self-reliance, self-improvement, self-confidence and self-care, and at the same time establish a correct outlook on life and values and a complete solution for balanced development; It is an educational model to solve all individualized problems in the process of education, cultivate high-quality survival ability oriented to life and cultivate healthy and strong people.
"Nature education" is an educational process that takes the natural environment as the background, takes human beings as the medium, integrates children into nature by scientific and effective methods, and realizes children's effective collection, arrangement and weaving of natural information through systematic means, and forms effective logical thinking in social life. Really effective nature education should follow the principle of "integration"; System; Three principles of balance. From the educational form, nature education is a form of education based on nature. Man only exists as a medium. Nature education should have a clear educational purpose, a reasonable educational process and measurable educational results, realize the effective connection between children and nature, and ensure children's intellectual growth and healthy physical and mental development. "
How Natural Materials Reflect Mathematics Teaching Objectives
Cognition of Numerals and Quantifiers (1)
We all know that mathematics is quantitative. Natural substances, such as shells, can be represented by five shells, five is a number, and shells represent the substance of objects; Similarly, we can also use five branches and five stones to show that five can not only represent five stones, but also five shells, five branches, five leaves and five feathers, so that children can understand that numbers can mean anything, but things are different, and let children know more deeply that quantifiers are not necessarily the same when numbers are the same.
Arrange regularly, compare
We all know that mathematics has certain rules to follow, and the permutation and combination that we all like to play is a very interesting game.
For example, while putting a lot of branches, I also put some branches. Ask the children which side has more branches?
Sometimes, just by looking at our eyes, we can't tell which side has more branches. In this case, the children will count by themselves and see which side has more branches.
Do it yourself, and finally get the result, including self-verification, to see if the first time and the second time are the same!
Another example: give children an aabb combination, let them combine according to these outdoor natural materials, complete this regular arrangement or construct a "house" or object with this arrangement.
(3) Synthesis and decomposition in10
For children, we directly talk about "addition" and "subtraction". For them, children don't understand it very well, but if they put it together and take it away, they will understand it more easily!
For example, how many branches will there be if three branches and five branches are put together? Put them together, children will understand better, that is, count them separately, three on one side and five on the other side, put them together, and then count them again. Eight, that is, eight together is eight, and together is synthesis.
In the same way, what is taken away is decomposed, and what is taken away is gone, so that children can understand the practical significance of synthesis and decomposition, and then gradually introduce the words "addition" and "subtraction" with the deepening of children's cognition.
(4) Spatial positioning
For the words "up, down, left, right, front, back and forth", because children prefer conch, they often play with conch. We will say, put conch in a small basket, put conch in a chair, put conch in a pool and so on. In this process, we not only exercise the children's cognitive ability to the direction, but also exercise their reaction ability.
The influence and function of the combination of natural materials and mathematics in large classes on children
Cultivate children's observation and discrimination
When children operate these natural materials, they will find out the quantity, size, thickness and height of the materials through observation and research, so as to understand the characteristics of the materials in the senses of vision, touch and hearing.
Cultivate children's practical ability
As we all know, the hand is our second "brain", which can promote the development of our brain, because only by sensing and operating with our hands can we have a deeper understanding and experience of these external things, put these experiences into our brains, promote the development of our neurons, and store them in our memories!
In the process of operations such as size arrangement and combination, only through comparison and hands-on operation can we truly feel the order of largest, largest, medium, smaller and smallest, so as to understand the significance of comparison and sum!
Cultivate children's logical thinking
Children will know that the biggest one will be placed at the bottom, the smallest one will be stronger, the smallest one will be placed at the bottom, and sometimes it will fall off. Sometimes the smallest button is just below, and there is no height; Some materials need several tiles to build high, and so on. These are all experiences that children need to practice, and they are also exercises to promote children's logical thinking.
Common natural materials in natural resources and their mathematical realization process
Our common materials in nature are: stones, branches, leaves, flowers, dirt, shells, feathers, pinecones, corn, beans, cotton and shells, such as happy shells and melon seeds.
Below I will select a few detailed introductions from some common natural materials above, as well as the concrete realization process of natural materials and mathematics.
Si Tong Borg
Stone is a magical natural thing endowed by nature, because the color and shape of stone are unique. Each stone has its own history, some are mountains and rivers, some are layered rocks, some have fixed patterns on them, and some look like algae fossils.
The shapes of stones are different, some close to ellipse, some close to triangle, some close to sphere, many are irregular, some close to rectangle and square, from which we can understand the shape; Children can feel the roughness and smoothness of different stones with their hands, and understand that the texture of stones is also different;
For example, today we study the synthesis of 8, and we use these outdoor materials. How do we put 8 together? Stimulate children's thinking and let them use these natural materials to synthesize, such as 1 and 7, 2 and 6. ...
Although 1 and 7 can be combined into 8, 7 and 1, 8 can also be combined, but the positions of numbers are different, and their meanings are also different.
Another example: two piles of stones, we count separately. Which pile of stones is more? How much more?
In fact, there are many ways to combine stone with mathematics. The above is just a simple example. Nature has given us many magical things, and we can take our children to study, explore and use them together, and then these will become children's experiences.
Cereals and seeds:
All kinds of seed food we often eat can also be used as teaching AIDS and teaching, and at the same time, it can bring a lot of aesthetic feeling and cognition to children.
We can let children feel, touch and observe the colors, sizes and shapes of various seeds in the playground and the green space of the farm. We can put the seeds in a bottle, shake the bottle and feel which bottle has more seeds. Then pour them out separately, count them and see if you hear them correctly.
Of course, if time permits, teachers can also plant some seeds with their children. You can put some seeds in water, some in soil, some in sunny places, and some in dark places, so that children can understand the growth and changes of beans through comparative observation!
Then according to the growth and change of seeds, make a growth record, sowing time, watering times, growth height and so on!
plaster
Mud is our favorite material, because mud can be changed into any shape, made into cuboids, cubes, spheres and pressed into cakes. You can also insert many branches, feathers and other materials into the mud.
The combination of mud and branches can spell out various figures, such as rectangles and squares. Put a lump of mud in the square, a lump of mud in the square and a lump of mud in front of the cube.
There are cubes made of soil and branches, and creative structures between cuboids.
The above three examples are the realization process of natural materials and mathematics. In fact, nature has given us many materials that can be used, such as fruits and seeds on trees, shells in the sea, conchs, stones on mountains and so on.
As long as we keep researching and exploring, all kinds of natural substances in natural resources can be applied to the field of mathematics. We can use different materials to organize our math activities, and children will get different experiences from different materials!
References:
People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Education have formulated a learning and development guide for children aged 3-6.
The 20 16 version of the Regulations on Kindergarten Work was jointly formulated by the people of China and the Ministry of Education.
A Happy New Childhood: A Compilation of Kindergarten Education Guidelines (Implementation) and Related Laws and Regulations