Your future depends on your own strength and some external factors. There are mainly four ways out after studying for a doctorate (some majors are actually far less than four). In addition, I'm talking about the problem of finding a job for a doctor who just graduated. The most typical way for a "one" professor to finish his Ph.D. is to be a teacher at school, especially a lifelong follow-up assistant professor. If you do well, you will be an associate professor in six years, that is, a tenured professor, and you will get an iron rice bowl, not lose your job, and you won't have to worry about supporting your family in this life. Some people are cows, go to cattle school to be cows, and live a fruitful life. Although they can't be top billionaires, they can live a rich life. The wages in primary schools are generally low, but there is no pressure to do scientific research, so some people like it. Cattle schools have high standards and need scientific research to produce results, which is stressful and hard. Of course, the corresponding salary is also good, and the career achievements are also high. It is not easy before becoming a tenured professor. I have to take many classes, and I have to deal with some problems and even unreasonable entanglement of small undergraduates. Every day, China people's ceramic letters are estimated to be enough to delete J for a while, and at the same time, I have to write a proposal to apply for funding to take students to do research and write papers; ; It may be difficult to get tenure in a few abnormal schools, such as recruiting three assistant professors, but leaving only one after six years. This kind of school is generally top-notch and will be exhausted. But most schools will help you improve according to the feedback, and the ultimate goal is to keep you, not to drive you away after six years. If you are ambitious and want to go to a good school, you must be very tired. Otherwise, it's not that terrible. The main reason is that I will be tired at the beginning of the first year, and I will be much better when I get familiar with it. In addition, every summer vacation has a three-month holiday, so ambitious teachers naturally use this time to do scientific research well, otherwise they will have a good time when they go out to travel or return to China for a short time. After six years, you will have an iron rice bowl, and there will be little research you can do in the future. After the end of his term of office, he will have a public holiday every seven years, that is, a one-year holiday. You can get paid if you don't work The salary of an assistant professor (AP) is mostly between 60,000 and 90,000 according to the specialty and the nature of the school (public and private, school reputation), while that of a full professor is generally11.200,000. Of course, if any company is willing to hire you as a consultant, or if you give training courses to others all over the country, you can also charge extra. In addition, if you can work in the company for one year during the public holiday, it is equivalent to doubling your income. Some cattle teachers in Stanford, Harvard, MIT and other cattle schools are not the main source of income. Some people in the industry don't want to stay in academia after completing their Ph.D., or they don't have a strong background and can't find a good professor position, so they choose to go to the company. Ph.D. graduates are not as easy to find jobs as masters, but as long as they find jobs, their salaries are generally higher than those of masters. Doctoral students have their own small direction of in-depth research. Generally, after the first 1-2 years, they tend to devote themselves to small-scale research. So many doctoral students are too specialized, and the theoretical research of a few people is useless to people in industry. Master students mainly choose a wide range of courses, and some people also make papers in order to learn more about a field or practice problem-solving skills in a short time. In terms of demand, what the industry needs most is undergraduate course, followed by master's degree and finally doctor's degree. Whether or not you should study for a PhD is a personal choice. It's not necessarily bad to finish a doctorate. Different majors, different industries, the situation is also different. For example, pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies need many doctoral students; In the technology industry, the people I know who go to google are still mostly those who have finished their doctoral studies; Some of my friends also go to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and doctoral students go to the core R&D department, but it is difficult for master students to enter such a department. There are also some doctoral students who are very proficient in a certain field, which is exactly what a company needs. It's a good match. The company will pay a high salary. The company's salary is generally high, and the salary is not capped. Sorry, the salary of CEO in Oracle Bone Inscriptions seems to be the highest in the world, that is, the top. Few people in China earn more than 200,000 yuan a year, and most people will end up with 6,543.8+0.5 million yuan, because they can't be managers or other management positions. The biggest problem in working in a company is the high risk of being laid off, especially before getting a green card. It is important to choose a stable and promising company. Third, scientific research institutions generally do application development in companies and do not do scientific research. However, in a few companies, there are also excellent research laboratories, such as IBM TJ Watson, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard. They hired a group of scientific research professionals to carry out scientific research and improve the company's technology and R&D level. Microsoft has several winners of ACM Turing Award. Such a place is difficult to enter. I also know that some primary school graduates go to the research room by their own strength, but the company is even worse, such as NEC or Mitsubishi. Other science and engineering majors, some also have similar companies. Some of these scientific research institutions are not affiliated with any company, operate independently, and survive by various military subsidies, private donations, NSF or venture capital; Harvard also has research institutions like DFCI, and there are children around Harvard? S hospital or Brigham and the woman? These hospitals all have research posts. What I'm talking about here is not a postdoctoral fellow or research assistant with an annual salary as high as $40,000-$50,000, but a post with an annual salary of $70,000-$80,000, so I won't go into details. Generally speaking, it is the dream of many doctors to find a well-paid doctoral job and continue to do what doctors should do, that is, do scientific research and publish papers, but it is still very difficult to achieve. Postdoctoral work is also a kind of work. Many majors can choose to be postdoctoral, and biology is the most typical. Most doctoral students must work as postdoctoral fellows in schools or scientific research institutions for several years after graduation. Government departments and scientific research institutions rarely recruit foreigners, but a few China people do find jobs in government departments such as accounting or it. The biggest advantage of this kind of job is good welfare, pension, many holidays, catching up with professors, and easy and stable work. A friend of mine, majoring in public health, went to the FDA (Food &; The Food and Drug Administration is also a key department in the United States and a large-scale employer. In principle, most positions in the FDA do not recruit people without green cards, but this friend is a doctoral student at Niu School, with a strong background and good communication skills, and finally went. Many government departments need security clearance, especially military units. To get a security clearance, you must be an American citizen with an innocent background. In this case, most people will not be able to. Summary of "V" Obviously, doctors majoring in EE/CS or other engineering can have at least the first and second options above. The better the industry, the more second opportunities. The company has many jobs and needs many people, which means that the school needs a lot of teachers to teach students, which means that there are many opportunities first. It is difficult for engineering majors to get the third place. Those who go to the third category are mostly medical-related majors, such as biology, medicine, biostatistics, or public health majors such as infectious diseases; If you study a major that government departments may need, you can also consider the fourth one, although this kind of opportunity is rare. If you study purely theoretical things, such as mathematics, anthropology, applied language, etc., the first category is the main way out. For example, those who study comparative literature will basically have to change careers or starve to death if they can't find a school to be a teacher. However, the employment problem of this major is not a doctorate, but the whole major is very poor, including undergraduate and master's degrees. Some Americans can't find jobs after finishing their liberal arts postdoctoral studies. They just need to be a small secretary or visa officer at the American Embassy in Beijing. When they see the wealthy middle class in the future, they will give them a check to embarrass them ~ ~ ~