There are many similar examples. For example, according to the law of conservation of mass in the past, mass is regarded as the inherent content of matter and is absolutely immortal. However, the discovery of radioactive elements shows that when heavy elements decay into light elements, part of their mass is converted into energy. In this way, the transcendental position and mystery of mass no longer exist, it is only the accumulation of energy and a measure of the spatial effect of closed particles.
The absoluteness of the constant speed of light was induced by Einstein from the phenomenon of the constant speed of light. Because there is qualitative change in nature, the application of induction is limited. Once the law goes beyond the scope of qualitative change, it will fail, thus limiting the absoluteness of the law.
For example, the result of Michelson-Morey experiment is zero, indicating that the speed of light is related to the light source; The starlight in the binary star experiment changes periodically in frequency, which shows that the speed of light has nothing to do with the light source, but with the space. There are two different solutions to this contradictory phenomenon. One is to put forward a physical mechanism to separate opposing phenomena in different regions, thus resolving contradictions; The second is Einstein's practice. He believes that the speed of light in all reference frames is the same, and the absoluteness of the constant speed of light eliminates the opposition phenomenon.
However, in the real world, the nature of the frame of reference is different. This is also the reason why the motion of an object has physical significance, that is, speed only has significance relative to the physical background. For example, when we swim in the river, the current is the physical background and the frame of reference for our movement. Only the movement relative to the river will produce resistance to us. As for people or trees on the shore, their relative movement with us is only a superficial movement, which has no practical physical significance.
Similar to the sound barrier, the greater the moving speed relative to the physical background, the greater the influence of the background on the moving object, thus making it change accordingly. This is the motion effect of space, and the combination of special relativity is the relativistic effect, such as scale contraction, clock slowing down and mass increasing.
But according to the principle of special relativity, all frames of reference are exactly the same, so which frame of reference is the younger brother and twin brother? The absolute identity of the frame of reference cancels the physical meaning of motion, so the relativistic effect is only a mathematical transformation.
For example, if we stubbornly believe that people's weight is absolutely constant. Therefore, it is required to have the same weight in any dimension (which is required by commodity exchanges). However, the earth is elliptical, and the gravity of different dimensions is different. Therefore, only scales in different regions can be calibrated to keep their readings unchanged. In this way, the correction values in various places become relativistic effects, so they are only mathematical transformations. It's like saying the same sentence in different languages. Although the pronunciation is different, the meaning is the same.
In fact, the speed of light is only constant relative to the physical background and energy. So the speed of light c is just an ordinary physical parameter. Due to the existence of physical background, the energy of an object has two forms, namely kinetic energy and potential energy. At low speed, kinetic energy is dominant; At high speed, it is dominated by potential energy. This is why at high speed, the motion of an object is constant.
Because the mass of a photon is very small, its kinetic energy is far less than its potential energy. Therefore, the speed of light is the speed at which photons maintain their potential energy, which is approximately unchanged to the physical background and energy. For example, the speed of light of different energies (colors) is different. Blue light is faster than red light, but the speed difference between them is much smaller than the speed of light C 1.
In short, there is only relative absolute, and there is no absolute relative. Because the motion of an object has absolute physical significance only relative to the physical background, the speed of light is not absolute. With the expansion of the universe, the quantum space as the physical background will continuously reduce its density. In this way, the speed of light will increase accordingly until the transition to classical mechanics. At that time, the energy of photons was kinetic energy, which made the speed of light reach the maximum and photons became free particles.
The speed of light is also relative. Like a cannon, electrons give photons an initial velocity, that is, the speed of light. The speed of light is the speed of motion relative to vacuum, and the speed of motion in the medium is slightly lower than the speed of light. In addition, the direction of light has changed after refraction and reflection. Speed is a vector, and the change of direction is also the change of speed.
No matter what kind of inertial system, the photometric speed is constant C. Therefore, it is absolute. The velocity of a mass object must be defined relative to a reference frame, so we say that the velocity is relative.
Because the speed of light is deduced through experiments and finally verified.
The propagation speed of electromagnetic wave is calculated by Maxwell equations. Light is also an electromagnetic wave, but this speed has no reference, so the speed of light is absolute.
At first, some people suspected that the speed of light had a reference. If there is a reference, the speed of light is not absolute. Some physicists put forward that the reference object of light is "ether", which is also the origin of "ether" theory.
However, it was later confirmed by experiments that there was no ether.
The speed of light has no reference, so the speed of light is absolute.
The essential reason why the speed of light is absolute is Maxwell equations. At present, there is no theory that Maxwell's equations are wrong, so at least for now, the speed of light is absolute and there is no frame of reference.
Most lectures on relativity do not give an intuitive explanation of the constant speed of light. Let me explain something to you. It's actually quite simple.
At first, Maxwell predicted electromagnetic waves and gave a simple and beautiful equation, which can directly calculate the speed of electromagnetic waves, that is, the speed of light in reality. Later, Hertz produced electromagnetic waves through experiments, which was consistent with Maxwell's prediction. So it is recognized that light is also an electromagnetic wave, and the speed is calculated. How to change it? Moreover, this equation is so beautiful, concise and symmetrical that people intuitively don't think it will be wrong.
Why is this happening? Why can the speed of electromagnetic waves be calculated directly, regardless of the emission source? Because the speed of electromagnetic waves is not relative to any object, but purely in the void. What do you mean? Here's an explanation.
Let's talk about the motion of ordinary objects first. Usually we say that the speed and position of an object change with time. To calculate the speed, we need to find a reference object and measure the change of the position of the moving object with the change of the distance between the moving object and the reference object over time, that is, the speed. After all, we can't directly make a scale in the void to measure the speed, nor can we say that the mark is fixed or needs a reference after the scale is made.
But electromagnetic waves are different. He is the transmitter of electric field changes. This changing electric field directly creates a magnetic field next to him. This magnetic field is also changing, creating an electric field next to him. This is electromagnetic induction. In this way, the electric field and the magnetic field move forward alternately, and you can run in a vacuum without relying on anything. According to the induction time and the induction distance, the driving speed can be calculated. There is no reference in it, and it is completely a virtual speed. You can say it is relative to the speed of any object.
So here, as soon as Maxwell's electromagnetic equation comes out, the speed of light will be constant. But this is too contradictory to people's common sense. The equation of motion of Newtonian mechanics is not established, so people don't believe it, so they look for various possibilities. The easiest thing to think of is that the void is not empty, it is full of something called ether, and the ether is moving. The calculated speed of light is relative to the speed of static ether. This is not contradictory to Newtonian mechanics. This idea not only assumes the existence of ether, but also needs to introduce the concept of absolute stillness, that is, there is absolutely still space. This idea not only solved the problem of the speed of light, but also found a place for God, who stayed in an absolutely still space. There is no place for God in Newtonian mechanics. Now, the future is bright and a piece of land has been found for him. So this idea has been widely recognized by most people, and then it is verified by experiments.
So there was the famous Michelson-Morey experiment. As we all know, the speed of light is constant. So everyone was confused and didn't know what was going on. The formula is easy to get. Lorenz pieced together a formula that can explain that the speed of light is constant, which is not contradictory to classical Newtonian mechanics, but everyone is still stupid and doesn't know why. At this time, Einstein came out, explained this phenomenon and brought a new view of time and space. Einstein, this is the master.
Personal research shows that the speed of light in the solar system is absolute, and other stars are not. It is suggested that people should not go out of the earth and put ancient primitive people; The sun covered a piece of land; Small scale; Yang Yang Vantage; External philosophy; Modern relativity, etc.
The sky is muddy, and the sun and the moon have long been dull. In the year of the Rose in Xia, Shang and Sun, Tao naturally gives birth to everything, Yang; Philosophy; Relative; It should be reasonable not to fully admit it.
Another brand-new day, the night sky shines, mountains are built three times, and new human beings are born. Today is Mars Day; Mercury day; The moon always corresponds to the primitive land, and mammals appear in the north during the day; All kinds of orcs.
Huntian is divided into two parts; Announce the four major civilizations at night; Today, after the forced relocation of seven continents, the original latitude and longitude of the earth and the moon, geological climate, biological changes and humanities will continue to move, but the basic law is:
Keywords living space, relative foundation,
Water balance is an eternal cause.
Begging for the present is endless, with incomplete identification, metaphysical understanding and cult control. Only then did we find ourselves struggling for diversity, and our personal foundation was discovered. Now, why not start with a small piece of land that exists objectively? After gradually increasing the area; A day is divided into 247 continents; There are ancient people and modern people.
Micro-aquatic egg movement; The sun in the north covers the yin and yang;
The moon rotates every other day. The four seasons are starry and sunny.
Today, the earth, the main surface of water,
The Three Kingdoms Road is fair and reasonable.
The ancient world and people continue to make new achievements today;
Please verify after release.
The speed of any matter is absolute and relative, which is caused by the observer's subjective cognitive limitations. For example, when the earth is at rest, it actually has an absolute speed with you in the universe, but at present, technology has no way to calculate this speed, which is a cognitive defect of natural physics. We can't deny the absoluteness of movement because of human ignorance. For example, a laser gyroscope based on Sagnac effect principle can directly determine the rotation angle without external reference. From this, it can be judged that in the future, there is a method that can directly measure the absolute velocity of cosmic objects without external reference. It is human's subjective feeling that the earth is still, that is, when two objects move in the same direction at the same speed,
Accurate scientific experiments show that the speed of light is not infinite, and its speed is about 300 million meters (300,000 kilometers) per second. The strange thing about the speed of light is that the relative speed between the light source and the observer does not affect the value of the speed of light.
Space and time must be mixed together to keep the speed of light constant. In a sense, space and time must be consistent. Although we are used to measuring space in meters and time in seconds, if space and time are similar to each other, we need some kind of "constant" to convert these two units. In other words, there must be something measured in meters per second. People can multiply this "constant" by the time in seconds to get the space in meters. This universal conversion factor is the speed of light. The reason why the speed of light is limited is simple: limited space corresponds to limited time.
Assuming that our relative speed from a planet is faster than the speed of light, then the light starts to leave the planet at the last second, and the relative speed of this beam of light and our earth is+300,000 km/s, then can we see a planet whose relative speed is faster than the speed of light?
Light is electromagnetic wave, but what is electromagnetic wave? The changing electric field will produce a magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field will produce an electric field, so the electromagnetic field that changes according to a specific law will alternately produce an electric field and a magnetic field in space, and then spread around. This is electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic wave is produced by the change of electromagnetic field, and the specific speed of electromagnetic wave propagation is constrained by Maxwell equation and determined by magnetic permeability and dielectric constant. That is to say, it is determined by the medium's ability to spread electric and magnetic fields.
Why the speed of light is absolute.
Because the speed of light in vacuum is only one c = 299792458 m/s.
Although the speed of light seems to be slower in a medium, in a special medium, the speed of light is only a few meters per second. Without Liu Xiang, as long as normal people can enjoy the pleasure brought by superluminal and experience the illusion of going back in time.
But in fact, no medium can affect the speed of light, and non-vacuum medium can only "reduce" the speed of light by intercepting photons for a period of time. The photon transmission speed between two adjacent dielectric molecules is still c.
Suppose there are two adjacent particles A and B in the medium, the light comes from somewhere, is absorbed by A and "remains" for a period of time, and then the photon leaves A and propagates to B. In the process from A to B, the photon velocity is still C = 299,792,458 m/s.
As long as photons are spreading, no matter where they are, they can't be shaken by thunder. C = 299792458 m/s The speed of light in any direction in any reference system is always C, which is the principle that the speed of light is constant. At present, we only know the path of gravity bending light, but we don't know what can affect the speed of light.