1. Yuanmou man is the earliest known human in China, about1700,000 years ago.

3. Beijingers who lived about 700,000-200,000 years ago lived in caves in Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian, southwest Beijing, and lived in groups with percussion tools and natural kindling. This is the primitive society of early human beings.

China has discovered the oldest human site in the world.

Cavemen lived in the area where Beijingers lived about 30,000 years ago. They still use percussion tools, but they have mastered the technology of polishing and drilling, can create artificial fires and make a living by gathering and hunting. The collective in which they lived also entered the period of matriarchal clan commune.

6. Clan: A group united by blood ties and passed down from a common ancestor. They live together, work together, live together, and there is no distinction between rich and poor.

7. What progress has the life of cavemen made compared with that of Beijingers?

Social organization representing the concept of cultural time, material form, tool manufacturing and production activities.

Peking man kept some features of apes for about 700,000-200,000 years, defeating the primitive people who collected and hunted stone tools.

Neanderthals began to master grinding and drilling techniques after about 30 thousand years, just like modern people: collecting bone needles and hunting, and knowing how to love beauty.

8. China is the first country in the world to grow rice and millet.

9. The primitive residents who lived in Hemudu (about 7000 years ago) in the Yangtze River valley and in Banpo (about 5000 to 6000 years ago) in the Yellow River valley started their primitive farming and settlement life with grinded stone tools. Hemudu people live in a dry fence house, which is convenient for ventilation and moisture-proof; Banpo people live in a house in a semi-basement.

10. Yan Di and Huangdi are famous tribal leaders in the legendary Yellow River valley in China. In the battle of Zhuolu, the two tribes joined forces to defeat Chiyou and then formed an alliance. After long-term development, they formed the future Chinese nation.

1 1. Tribe means that in primitive society, many clans with close relatives formed tribes, and several tribes formed tribal alliances.

12. The Yellow Emperor was honored as the "ancestor of mankind" by later generations.

13. Yao Shunyu adopted the method of "abdication" to elect the leaders of tribal alliances.

14. About 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty; Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in the history of China. Since then, the long primitive society in China has ended, the slave society has begun, the hereditary system has replaced the abdication system, and "ruling the world" has become "ruling the world".

15. About 1600 BC, Monarch Tang of Shang tribe in the lower Yellow River defeated Jie Li and established Shang Dynasty.

16. King Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved the capital to Yin, so later people called Shang Dynasty Yin Dynasty.

17. Zhou Wenwang appointed the sage Jiang Shang, attached importance to agricultural production, and gradually strengthened its national strength. BC 1046, Zhou Wenwang's son Zhou Wuwang conquered Zhou, and the battle of Makino ended. The Shang Dynasty established the Western Zhou Dynasty and made Haojing its capital.

18. In 77 BC1year, the Western Zhou Dynasty perished. In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyi, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began.

19. The largest existing bronze ware in the world is Simu Wuding.

20. The world-famous "Sanxingdui" culture is a unique bronze culture that prevailed in the Chengdu Plain of China at the same time as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are famous bronze masks, bronze statues and bronze sacred trees.

2 1. China is the first country to invent porcelain in the world. Primitive celadon was fired in the early Shang Dynasty.

22. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, from 770 BC to 476 BC; The warring States period was from 475 BC to 22 BC1year.

23. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period refer to Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, the tea king of Five Blessingg and Gou Jian, the king of Yue.

24. In the late 7th century BC, in the battle of Chengpu in Chu Jin, the Jin army defeated the Chu army, and Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains.

25. The Seven Heroes in the Warring States refer to the coexistence of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin.

26. In 260 BC, after the battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao, the six eastern countries could no longer resist Qiang Qin's attack.

27. The use of iron farm tools and Niu Geng in China began in the Spring and Autumn Period;

During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, the satrap of Qin and Shu, built Dujiangyan in Minjiang River, making Chengdu Plain a "land of abundance".

29. Oracle Bone Inscriptions refers to the characters carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by Shang people. Chinese characters in our country developed from Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

30. The time of having written examinations in China began in the Shang Dynasty.

3 1. The first solar eclipse with an exact date in China's history occurred on September 6th, 776 BC.

32. In 6 13 BC, astronomer Lu left the exact date of the earliest Halley's comet in the world.

33. Since the Warring States Period, there have been 24 solar terms in a year.

34. Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, concluded that Chinese medicine has always adopted the method of looking, smelling, asking and cutting four treasures.

35. Qu Yuan, a famous patriotic poet in ancient China, whose representative lyric poem Li Sao was translated into many languages for processing; The World Peace Council designated Qu Yuan as a world cultural celebrity.

36. A set of precious bells of the Warring States Period was unearthed in Suizhou, Hubei.

37. The Analects of Confucius recorded Confucius' remarks.

38. Laozi was a famous thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of the Taoist school. His theory was recorded in the Tao Te Ching.

39. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, established the Qin Dynasty, and made Xianyang its capital. The Qin Dynasty was the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China.

40. Qin Changcheng in the west and Liaodong in the east are symbols of the wisdom and originality of the ancient working people in China.

4 1. The territory of the Qin Dynasty is east to the East China Sea, west to Longxi, north to the Great Wall and south to the South China Sea. It was a great country in the world at that time.

42. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu led an uprising in Daze Township, and a peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising was the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China. Their revolutionary initiative inspired millions of working people to fight against the cruel rule of later generations.

43. In the Battle of Julu in 207 BC, Xiang Yu was outnumbered and defeated Qin Jun's main force, which laid the foundation for the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Subsequently, Liu Bang led his troops to advance on Xianyang, and the Qin Dynasty perished.

44. In 202 BC, after four years of Chu-Han War, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu to establish the Han Dynasty and made Chang 'an the capital of the Western Han Dynasty.

45. During the reign of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi, the policy of reducing taxes and developing agriculture was implemented, and the scene of "the rule of culture and scenery" appeared.

46. Representatives of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, France and the military during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The Analects of Confucius, the founder of Confucian school, put forward the theory of "benevolence", advocating "ruling the country by virtue", advocating "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", being modest and eager to learn, and "learning new things by reviewing old ones"

Mencius, a thinker and representative of Confucianism in the Warring States period, put forward the "Spring and Autumn War without Justice" against all wars. Require the rulers to govern the country with "benevolent government"; Advocate keeping abreast of the season and rationally utilizing natural resources.

Mozi was a thinker and founder of Mohism in the Warring States period, and advocated "universal love" and "non-aggression"

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Tao Te Ching, a thinker of Laozi and the founder of Taoism, believed that everything has opposites, and the two sides of opposites can be transformed into each other. Advocate both rigidity and softness.

During the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi thinkers and Taoist representatives advocated "governing by doing nothing" and letting nature take its course.

Han Fei, a thinker and a representative figure of legalists in the Warring States period, advocated reform, the rule of law and the establishment of a centralized monarchy.

Sun Tzu's Art of War, the strategist of Sun Wu during the Warring States Period, was the originator of the strategist. "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle."

47. Dong Zhongshu suggested to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that "a hundred schools of thought should be deposed and Confucianism should be the only one" and Confucianism should be regarded as feudal orthodoxy.

48. The imperial academy held by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Chang 'an was the highest institution of learning in ancient China.

49. In AD 25, Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital. Liu Xiu is Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. During his reign, the society was stable and the economy improved, which was called "Guangxu Zhongxing" in history.

50. All plows in the Western Han Dynasty were equipped with plow walls, which were more than 1000 years earlier than those in Europe. Niu Geng generally uses the method of two cows to wrangle; A new sowing tool-threshing wheel appeared in the Western Han Dynasty.

5 1. Wang Jing, a water conservancy expert in the Eastern Han Dynasty, managed the Yellow River, keeping it unchanged for the next 800 years.

52. China's iron smelting technology in the Han Dynasty was among the best in the world. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang, the prefect of Du, dredged drainage and used hydraulic blast to smelt iron.

53. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Mo Duhan, the outstanding leader of Xiongnu, unified the Mongolian grassland for the first time.

54. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+09 BC, Liang Wudi sent generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu, and they were defeated by Mobei.

55. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhaojun left the fortress and got married in Uhaanyehe, which made the Sino-Hungarian border stable for a long time. Wang Zhaojun and Uhaanyehe have made great contributions to the friendly coexistence and cultural exchanges between China and Hungary.

56. In BC 138 and BC 1 19, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice and opened the Silk Road.

57. In 60 BC, the Western Han government set up the Western Regions Metropolitan Government to take charge of the affairs of the Western Regions, which marked that Xinjiang began to be under the jurisdiction of the central government and became an inalienable part of China.

58. The Silk Road refers to China's silk and silk products, which started from Chang 'an, passed through the Hexi Corridor and now Xinjiang, transported to West Asia, and then transported to Europe. This land artery connecting Chinese and western traffic is the famous Silk Road.

59. In 73 AD, the Eastern Han government sent Ban Chao to the Western Regions, and Ban Chao administered the Western Regions for 30 years, which further strengthened the ties between the Western Regions and the Mainland.

60. In166, Andun, the envoy of Daqin, went to the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was the first direct contact between European countries and China.

6 1. At present, the earliest known paper in the world is hemp paper unearthed in Tianshui, Gansu, China, which is earlier than Europe 1200 years.

62. Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The invention of papermaking is a great contribution of our people to world culture.

63. Nine Chapters Arithmetic, written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the earliest existing ancient mathematics monograph in China, which systematically summarizes the mathematical achievements from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Some contents in the book were advanced in the world at that time.

64. Zhang Heng invented and manufactured the first scientific instrument for observing earthquakes in history-the seismograph, which is recognized as the earliest seismic instrument in the world.

65. Hua Tuo, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was good at surgery, and his systemic anesthetic "Ma Fei San" was the first work in the history of world medicine.

66. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases comprehensively expounded the theory and treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine. He has a brilliant medical skill and noble medical ethics, and is called "medical sage" by later generations.

68. Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains of China at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism rose among the people in China.

69. Wang Chong was an outstanding materialist thinker in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the whole, he wrote, there are no ghosts and gods in the world.

70. Sima Qian was a great historian in ancient China. The Historical Records compiled by him describes the historical events from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is the first biographical general history of China.

In the battle of Guandu in 72.200, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with less, which laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north.

73. In Battle of Red Cliffs in 2008, Sun Liulian defeated Cao Cao by means of arms attack. Subsequently, the situation of the three countries was formed.

74. The three countries stand out from each other

As soon as the country name came out, the economic characteristics of the capital perished.

Wei Caopi built water conservancy in Luoyang in 220 and developed agricultural production for 266 years, which was later replaced by the Western Jin Dynasty.

In 22 1 year, the silk industry was developed in Chengdu in the north. In 263, Shu brocade was sold to the Three Kingdoms, which was destroyed by Wei.

In 222, Wu developed Jianye shipbuilding industry; Zeng Weiwen went to Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province) for 280 years, and wiped out Wu in the west, ending the Three Kingdoms period.

In 75.266, Sima Yan established the Western Jin Dynasty with Luoyang as its capital. In 3 16, the Xiongnu who moved inward perished for 50 years.

76. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern minorities who moved in mainly included Xiongnu, Xianbei, Manga, Bian and Qiang. They lived together with the Han nationality for a long time, which promoted the national integration of our country.

In 77.3 17, Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with its capital as Jiankang; In 420, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty established himself as emperor. The Eastern Jin Dynasty ended and the Southern Dynasties began.

In the late 78.4th century, the Miao people established the pre-Qin regime, which unified the Yellow River basin.

In 79.383, the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, and won the battle of Feishui.

80. The Northern Wei Dynasty was founded by Xianbei people, and in 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River basin.

8 1. The Southern Dynasties included Song, Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties. The Northern Dynasties included Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Friday.

82. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy collection sublimated China's calligraphy into an advanced art form. His masterpiece "Preface to Lanting" has the reputation of "the best running script in the world"; Wang Xizhi was called "the sage of books" by later generations.

83. Gu Kaizhi was a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His representative works include A History of Women and A Picture of Luoshen.

84. Fan Zhen, a thinker in the Southern Dynasties, systematically expounded atheism and exposed the fact that the ruling class used Buddhism to deceive the people.

85. Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province are the two most famous grottoes excavated in the Northern Dynasties.

86. Table of Scientific Achievements in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Zu Chongzhi was a famous mathematician and astronomer in the Southern Dynasties, who made great achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and mechanical manufacturing, among which the most prominent one was the precision of pi to seven digits after the decimal point, which was nearly a thousand years earlier than that of foreign countries.

Qi Yaomin, a famous agronomist in the Northern Dynasties (Northern Wei and Eastern Wei) in Jia Sixie, summarized the production experience of working people in northern China, advocated the reform of production technology and tools, and compiled China's first complete agricultural science book, which has an important position in the world agricultural history.

Li Daoyuan, an outstanding geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote a comprehensive geographical monograph Zhu. Taking the waterway system as the key link, this paper introduces in detail the mountains and rivers, rivers and towns, topography, customs and historical sites in the areas where rivers flow.

87. An Overview of the Feudal Dynasty Unit 3 Establishment of a Unified State

The name of the capital of the founding emperor when the dynasty was established.

In 22 1 year BC, the king of Qin seized power-Qin Shihuang Xianyang.

In the Western Han Dynasty in 202 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was a native of Chang 'an.

Twenty-five years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu-Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty.

Cao Pi Luoyang in 220 years of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty

Liu Bei Chengdu in Shu 22 1

In 222, Sun Quan Jianye

Luoyang, Sima Yan in the Western Jin Dynasty in 266.

Eastern Jin Dynasty 3 17 Si Marui Jiankang

politics

1, in the process of cultivating self-esteem, how should we treat our own shortcomings and deficiencies?

In our daily life, some students often only see their own shortcomings and can't find their own advantages, which leads to inferiority complex. They always think that they are inferior to others and lose confidence in themselves. In fact, this is an unhealthy psychology and does great harm to people. Therefore, it is not terrible for a person to have shortcomings. The key is to be able to treat your shortcomings correctly and turn them into advantages.

2. What's the difference between self-esteem and vanity?

Self-esteem, that is, self-respect, refers to the psychology of respecting and caring for yourself and expecting respect and care from others, the collective and society. It is a healthy and good mental state. Vanity-is a kind of psychology that pursues superficial glory and brilliance to win the respect of others. This is an unhealthy psychology and a sign of lack of self-confidence. People with strong vanity often regard whether it is beneficial to personal reputation and interests as the driving force to dominate their behavior and always care about others' evaluation of themselves. Once others deny their meaning a little, they think they have lost their so-called self-esteem and can't stand it. This mentality of pursuing superficial glory and brilliance to win the respect of others is unhealthy, and it is also a sign of lack of self-confidence. It will not only affect people's study, life and work, but sometimes even make us make big mistakes and steal and misappropriate to satisfy vanity.

3. Why should we respect others? How to respect others?

We should respect others, because people who don't respect others can't get respect from others. To win their respect, we must first respect others. Therefore, we must respect others. Respecting others means treating others as people who need respect as much as yourself. Everyone needs to feel self-esteem through the respect, appreciation, encouragement and expectation of others. Therefore, respecting others means paying attention to their dignity. We should treat each other well from the perspectives of respect, appreciation, encouragement and expectation, and don't do anything that hurts others. Only in this way can we gain the respect of others and share the happiness of self-esteem with others. Just like being respected, respecting others is our need and our happiness. Respect for others means respect for yourself.

4. How should we treat other people's comments and criticisms?

Sometimes, we care about other people's comments and comments, thinking that it hurts our self-esteem. In fact, the discussion can only represent personal opinions, which is not necessarily correct; Criticism is an evaluation of our behavior, aiming at specific behavior, not people themselves. When dealing with opinions and criticisms, we should "correct them if we have them, and encourage them if we don't have them". It doesn't matter, just bear it. It's not self-esteem, but emotional impulse. You can't do stupid things. Self-esteem should be moderate, and moderate self-esteem will help us face criticism from others and correct our own shortcomings and mistakes; Excessive self-esteem will make us too sensitive, self-restrained and unable to appreciate the joy of life. Of course, in the face of insults and slanders from others, we should fight back in time and defend our self-esteem with legal weapons when necessary.

5. How should we respect others?

To truly respect others, we must be good at standing in the other person's perspective, putting ourselves in others' shoes.

1) To respect others, we must first be good at appreciating and accepting others, that is, when we get along with others, we can sincerely appreciate and praise the advantages and strengths of others and allow others to surpass ourselves. Everyone has his own strengths and weaknesses, and it is impossible to surpass others in everything; We should be able to accept, not reject or despise others' differences.

2) Learn to respect and don't do things that hurt others' personality. We can't make fun of and discriminate against other people's defects and shortcomings. Making fun of, discriminating against and insulting others is an insult to the dignity of others, which can easily create contradictions, lead to conflicts, hatred and revenge, and finally bring shame to the offender. Everyone has his own shortcomings, we need others' approval, and we also need others' approval.

3) Respect can make people rational, repent, awaken people's conscience and have an immeasurable positive effect. In this society, everyone has self-esteem and needs to be respected by others. So learn to respect each other in life. Only by respecting each other can we play a wonderful melody in life.

6. In the face of denunciation and opposition, why can Rodin stick to his artistic ideas? What does the story of The Statue of Rodin tell us?

Rodin thinks Balzac is correct in this respect; I believe my artistic ideas will be accepted by people. Rodin is very confident and believes that he can do it. This is a kind of belief and a kind of strength. The sentence "I can do it" makes us believe in ourselves and be sure to succeed. Every successful person should firmly believe that "I can do it".

7. What is the difference between conceit, inferiority and self-confidence?

1) Arrogant people tend to overestimate themselves. Anyone who looks down on them thinks they are the best, and others are not as good as him. They only see their own advantages and can't see their own shortcomings. The goal they pursue is impossible to achieve; People with low self-esteem tend to underestimate themselves, think that they are nothing like others, think that nothing they do will succeed, and think that others look down on themselves. See only your own shortcomings, but not your own advantages. Even if you can do it well, you dare not try, and the result is to lose the chance of success in vain.

2) No matter people who are conceited or inferior, their understanding of themselves is unrealistic and incorrect. Conceit and inferiority are misunderstandings about self-confidence. Conceit is the enemy of progress and the bane of failure, which will keep people away from success; Inferiority can make people negative and pessimistic, lose initiative and even give up on themselves. Conceit and inferiority will have a negative impact on our life and study, keeping us away from success.

3) Only confident people can look at themselves realistically, seeing both their own advantages and their own shortcomings. Self-confidence enables us to actively deal with all kinds of problems and difficulties in life, so that we can keep a calm mood, enjoy the fun of life calmly and prolong our ordinary and limited life wonderfully. I hope everyone can be a confident person.

8. Why does conceit and inferiority lead to people's failure?

1) The reason why conceited people are doomed to failure is that conceited people tend to overestimate themselves. No one looks down on them and thinks they are the best. No one is better than him. They only see their own advantages and can't see their own shortcomings. Their understanding and analysis of themselves are unrealistic, and the goals they pursue are unrealistic and incorrect, which is false from the beginning. Conceit can bring a temporary high mood, but the frustration brought by impulse will immediately make him depressed, decadent, at a loss, give up halfway, thus keeping himself away from success and heading for failure.

2) People with low self-esteem tend to underestimate themselves, think that they are nothing like others, think that they will never succeed in anything, and think that others look down on themselves. Seeing only your own shortcomings and not your own advantages will lead to hatred for yourself, imperfection for yourself and powerlessness for yourself. Even if you can do it well, you dare not try, so that you can stay away from success, go to failure, and lose the chance of possible success in vain.

3) Conceit and inferiority often coexist in a person, and they are "twins", because they both come from incorrect understanding of themselves and are self-centered. Paying too much attention to your own evaluation or others' evaluation of yourself will keep people away from success. Conceit and inferiority are like wet matches. Conceit and inferiority can never ignite the flame of success! Numerous facts at home and abroad show that many failures are related to conceit or inferiority. On the other hand, self-confidence helps us succeed.

9. How should we sing our own songs of confidence?

There are three basic ways to build and enhance self-confidence: 1) See progress and strengths: Finding our own strengths and strengths is the basis for building our self-confidence. Discovering and appreciating our little progress and achievements can make us more confident in ourselves. 2) Enhance confidence and strength: Confidence should be based on strength. The enhancement of our strength helps us to improve our self-confidence and overcome all kinds of difficulties more confidently. 3) Be a confident China person: Our personal self-esteem and self-confidence are based on our national self-esteem. Only by combining our personal destiny with the development of our motherland can our self-esteem and self-confidence become stronger and have a rock-solid foundation.

10, how should we find our own advantages and strengths?

Finding our own strengths and advantages is the basis for us to establish self-confidence. However, in different environments, our strengths and the opportunities presented by our strengths are not equal, and may even not be displayed at all. Therefore, when we evaluate ourselves, we can use the method of scene transposition to find the "three-dimensional" me, so that we may unexpectedly find that we also have many advantages and strengths. Our self-confidence is also enhanced through constant discovery.

1 1. What did the success of this singer and champion hurdler give us?

The success of singers and hurdles champions tells us that each of us has our own defects and troubles, but it is important that we have confidence in ourselves. Of course, self-confidence should be based on strength. The enhancement of our strength will help us to enhance our confidence. In our study and life, we should also constantly strive to improve our own strength. Only when one's own strength is improved can one be more confident to overcome all kinds of difficulties.

12, what is self-reliance? Talk about your understanding of self-reliance?

Self-reliance means doing your own thing well. Self-reliance means arranging your own life independently, leaving the shelter of your parents and teachers, dealing with the problems encountered in your study and life independently, starting your own business with your own hands and creating a colorful life. Therefore, self-reliance is a kind of outlook on life, a good habit of studying and living, and a positive attitude towards life.

13. What are the manifestations of self-reliance?

① Arrange life independently and scientifically, and solve problems in life. ② Arrange the study independently and scientifically, and deal with the problems in the study. (3) Deal with social problems independently and start your own business.

14, did you do the housework? What are the benefits of doing housework for your growth in all aspects?

Letting children do housework has many advantages: (1) It can train children's practical ability and problem-solving ability. This is of great help to children's logical thinking ability, mathematical and physical learning ability and language logic ability. (2) It can cultivate children's self-confidence. The more things a child can do, the stronger his self-confidence. (3) It can cultivate children's sense of responsibility. By doing housework, children can understand their parents' hard work, gradually assume their responsibilities in the family and society, and cultivate their good qualities. (4) Labor can give the brain a full rest.

15, can't you do your own thing? Why? What are the benefits of self-reliance for your growth in all aspects? )

1) Importance of self-reliance: Self-reliance can cultivate our qualities of being hard-working, cherishing the fruits of labor, paying attention to family and respecting others, and also improve our hands-on ability and problem-solving ability, enhance our self-confidence and cultivate our sense of responsibility.

2) The necessity of self-reliance: (1) We can't live in the cradle and greenhouse of family and school forever, but we will leave the care of family and school and enter the society to see the world through storms. (2) Self-reliance, as a process of growth, is a process of training our living ability and also a process of training our psychological and moral qualities. Through the process of self-reliance, we can become a self-reliant person, responsible for ourselves, others and society. (3) If we can't consciously reserve self-improvement knowledge, exercise self-improvement ability and cultivate self-improvement spirit from now on, it will be difficult to stand and develop in society in the future.

3) In short, self-reliance can help us move towards self-improvement and success. We can't depend on others all our lives, but on ourselves. Therefore, we should consciously reserve self-improvement knowledge, exercise self-improvement ability and cultivate self-improvement spirit.

16. What can I do to become a truly independent person?

To truly become a self-reliant person, we must do the following: 1) We can no longer rely on others, because dependence psychology not only makes people lose the ability to live independently, but also makes people lack the sense of responsibility and causes personality defects. Therefore, we must learn to rely on ourselves. 2) Clarify the relationship between self-reliance and self-improvement. Self-reliance is a prerequisite and a manifestation of self-reliance. We should learn to live and study independently and deal with all kinds of problems in life and study independently. 3) Practice exercise in social life.

19, what is autonomy? What is the relationship between self-reliance and autonomy?

Autonomy means having your own opinions when things go wrong and being responsible for your actions. Autonomy is not only a right, but also an ability. Farewell to dependence, an important performance is to live independently. If you want to live independently, you must be responsible for your own affairs. In the face of all kinds of things in life, only when we are clear about our responsibilities and dare to take on their responsibilities can we become truly self-reliant. The premise of being responsible for your own affairs is to learn to be independent. If you don't have your own opinion when you meet something, independence is just a name. It is hard to imagine how a person who has no opinion and listens to other people's suggestions can take on his own responsibilities. How to stand on your own feet in life? In short, autonomy is the premise of self-reliance, and self-reliance is the performance of autonomy. Self-reliance means being clear and responsible. Autonomy can be clarified and responsibility can be assumed.

20. How should we cultivate our self-reliance ability?

To cultivate a person's self-reliance ability, the most basic thing is to start from small things based on the problems in his current life and study.

(2) to cultivate their self-reliance ability, we should also boldly participate in social life practice, practice more and exercise more.

2 1, what is self-improvement?

Self-improvement refers to a spirit of always going up, never slacking off, being proactive, and striving hard by your own efforts. Self-improvement is a spirit and a beautiful moral quality, which is of great use to a person's growth. It is the national spirit forged by our nation for thousands of years.

22. What are the manifestations of the spirit of self-improvement? Why do we all have to be self-reliant?

The spirit of self-improvement is manifested in various aspects: ① Self-improvement people are not afraid of difficulties and take the initiative. Self-reliant people do not bow their heads in the face of difficulties and are not discouraged; Self-reliant people are self-respecting and self-loving, neither humble nor supercilious; 4 people who are constantly striving for self-improvement are brave in pioneering and enterprising; ⑤ Self-reliant people aim high and pursue persistently. ..... Self-improvement is an essential quality for a person to live with dignity and personality and realize the value of life, and it is a powerful driving force for our healthy growth, good study and future career. Self-improvement is the national spirit forged by our nation for thousands of years. It is this spirit that makes the Chinese nation stronger through vicissitudes and hardships, and bravely stands among the nations of the world. We should carry forward this spirit.

23. Can we teenagers stand on our own feet? How to cultivate the quality of self-improvement?

All of us can strive to improve ourselves, so can our teenagers. The key is whether to strive for self-improvement subjectively. We should cultivate the quality of self-improvement and make ourselves a truly self-reliant person. We must: 1) set a correct goal in life and make unremitting efforts for it. 2) Overcome yourself, never let go of yourself, and surpass yourself. 3) foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and strive for self-improvement through tempering.

24. What difficulties will we encounter in the process of growing up, and where do these difficulties come from? What is the relationship between ideals and self-improvement?

In the process of growing up, if you want to achieve something, you will encounter difficulties and setbacks in all aspects. These difficulties and setbacks may be material or spiritual; It may be technical or interpersonal; It can be external or internal. Without ideals, there is no motivation, and in the face of difficulties, you will give up your efforts. With ideals, there is expectation, and there is enterprising perseverance and motivation. To strive for self-improvement, we must first establish a firm ideal.

26. Do you have your own advantages and disadvantages? Self-improvement, how should we treat our strengths and weaknesses?

Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses (weaknesses refer to talents and talents), and everyone has different talents and specialties. If you want to stand on your own feet and succeed, you must know your own strengths, talents and interests, and know what you are suitable for and what you are not suitable for. According to their own specialties and talents, hobbies, and social needs, we should determine the direction of our efforts and where we want to develop in order to make ourselves strong. In other words, we should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.