The complete set of primary school mathematical formulas 1 to the sixth grade, the first grade of primary school mathematical formulas:
(A) elementary mathematics addition and subtraction formula
Appendix+Appendix = sum (the sum of the positions of the exchange addend remains unchanged).
Minus-Minus = difference.
Sum = tooth tip+tooth tip difference = minus-minus.
Sum-addend = another addend is minuend-difference = minuend.
Another addend = sum-complement minus = minus-difference.
Difference+subtraction = subtraction.
Subtraction = difference+subtraction.
Find how much a large number is more than a decimal, and work it out by subtraction (-).
Find how much the decimal is less than the large number, and work it out by subtraction (-).
Large number = decimal number+superfluous number decimal number = large number-superfluous number = large number-decimal number.
Below "︸" is the total, which is calculated by addition (+).
Above "︸" is the discovery part, which is calculated by subtraction (-).
(3) the hour hand and the minute hand (the hour hand is short and the minute hand is long)
1 =60 points.
60 points = 1.
1 min = 15 min.
When the minute hand points to 12, it is the hour time, and when the hour hand points to the number, it is the time.
When the minute hand points to 6, it is half hour, and when the hour hand passes through the number, it is half hour.
(4) Jiao Yuan Fen
1 yuan = 10 angle.
1 angle = 10 point.
1 yuan = 100 integral.
(5) Graphic application problems
First find out the known conditions and problems, then determine the addition and subtraction, and finally remember to write the answer.
Find what a * * * is and work it out by adding (+).
Find what's left, what's left, how much is left, and work it out by subtraction (-).
Second, the mathematical formula of the second grade of primary school
(1) Divider, Divider and Quotient
Dividend = quotient,
Dividend quotient = divisor,
Quotient x divisor = dividend,
Divider × quotient+remainder = dividend
(2) Four algorithms
Additive commutative law: a+b=b+a,
Additive associative law: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c),
Multiplicative commutative law: ab=ba,
The law of multiplicative association: (ab)c=a(bc),
Multiplication and distribution law: (a b) c = AC BC.
(3) Elementary arithmetic
Among the four operations, addition and subtraction are called primary operations, and multiplication and division are called secondary operations.
In a formula without brackets, if it only contains operations of the same level, it should be calculated once from left to right; If there are two levels of operation, do the second level operation first, and then do the first level operation.
In the formula with brackets, the inside of brackets should be counted first. If there are both brackets, count the brackets first, then the brackets, and finally the brackets.
(D) The basic nature of primary school mathematics subtraction
a-(b+c)=a-b-c
a-b-c=a-(b+c)
Third, the mathematical formula of the third grade of primary school
Number of copies × number of copies = total number of copies,
Total copies/copies = copies,
Total copies/copies = copies,
1 multiple× multiple = multiple,
Multiply1Multiply = Multiply,
Multiply/Multiply = 1 Multiply,
Speed x time = distance,
Distance/speed = time,
Distance ÷ time = speed,
Unit price × quantity = total price,
Total price/unit price = quantity,
Total price ÷ quantity = unit price,
Working efficiency × working time = total amount of work,
Total amount of work ÷ work efficiency = working hours,
Total amount of work ÷ working time = working efficiency,
Factor x factor = product,
Product ÷ One factor = another factor,
Dividend = quotient,
Dividend quotient = divisor,
Quotient x divisor = dividend,
Perimeter: The sum of all sides of a closed figure is called perimeter.
Square perimeter: side length+side length+side length = perimeter or side length *4= perimeter,
The characteristics of a square: four sides are equal, four right angles,
Rectangular circumference: length+length+width+width = circumference (length+width) *2= circumference,
The characteristics of a rectangle are that the opposite sides are parallel and equal to four right angles.
The characteristics of parallelogram are: the opposite sides are parallel and equal, easy to deform, without right angles and diagonal lines are equal.
Fourth, the mathematical formula of primary school grades 4~6
(1) Square area (perimeter c, area s, side length a)
Perimeter = side length ×4,
C = 4a
Area = side length × side length,
s = a×a；
(2) Cubic volume (volume v, side length a)
Surface area = side length × side length × 6,
S table = a× a× 6;
Volume = side length × side length × side length,
v = a×a×a；
(3) Rectangular area (perimeter c, area s, side length a)
Circumference = (length+width) ×2,
c = 2(a+b)；
Area = length x width,
S = ab
(4) cuboid volume (volume v, side length a, length a, width b and height h)
(1) surface area (length× width+length× height+width× height) ×2,
s = 2(a b+ ah+BH)；
(2) Volume = length × width × height,
V = abh
(5) triangle (area s, bottom a, height h)
Keywords s area, a bottom, h height,
Area = bottom × height ÷2,
s=ah÷2，
Height of triangle = area × 2 base,
Triangle base = area ×2÷ height,
(6) parallelogram (area s, base a and height h)
Area = bottom × height,
s = ah
(7) trapezoid (area s, upper bottom surface a, bottom surface b, height h)
Height of upper bottom b and lower bottom h in s area a
Area = (upper bottom+lower bottom) × height ÷2
s=(a+b)× h÷2
(8) circle (s area, c circumference, ∏ d= diameter, r= radius)
1. perimeter = diameter ×××∏ = 2××× radius.
C=∏d=2∏r
2. Area = radius × radius×∈
(9) cylinder (v: volume h: height s; Bottom area r: bottom radius c: bottom perimeter)
1. Transverse area = bottom circumference × height.
2. Surface area = side area+bottom area ×2
3. Volume = bottom area × height
4. Volume = transverse area ÷2× radius
(10) Formula problems encountered in primary school mathematics.
Meeting distance = speed x meeting time,
Meet time = meet distance ÷ speed and,
Speed sum = meeting distance/meeting time.
(1 1) Tracking problem
Catch-up distance = speed difference × catch-up time,
Catch-up time = catch-up distance ÷ speed difference,
Speed difference = catching distance ÷ catching time.
(12) Mathematical and Arithmetic Formulas in Primary Schools
1. Equation: An equation in which the value on the left of the equal sign equals the value on the right of the equal sign is called an equation.
Basic properties of the equation:
Adding (or subtracting) the same number on both sides of the equation still holds.
Multiply (or divide) both sides of the equation by the same number (except 0), and the equation still holds.
2. Equation: An equation with an unknown number is called an equation.
3. Score: Divide the unit "1" into several parts on average, and the number representing such a part or points is called a score.
4. Addition and subtraction of fractions: add and subtract fractions with denominator, only add and subtract numerators, and the denominator remains unchanged.
Fractions of different denominators are added and subtracted, first divided, then added and subtracted.
5. Comparison of fraction size: Compared with the fraction of denominator, the numerator is large and the numerator is small.
Compare the scores of different denominators, divide them first and then compare them; If the numerator is the same, the denominator is big and small.
6. True fraction: The fraction with numerator less than denominator is called true fraction.
7. False fraction: A fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator or whose numerator is equal to the denominator is called false fraction. False score is greater than or equal to 1.
8. Band points: Write false points as integers and true points, which is called band points.
9. The basic nature of the fraction: the numerator and denominator of the fraction are multiplied or divided by the same number at the same time (except 0), and the size of the fraction remains unchanged.
Expanding Reading: Reflections on the Learning Methods of Mathematics in Primary Schools
Thinking is the core of mathematics learning method. Thinking is of great significance in learning this course. When solving math problems, we should first observe, analyze and think. Thinking can often find out the characteristics of the topic and find the breakthrough and simple method to solve the problem. Around us, students who really study well have the habit of thinking and thinking hard, so the more they use their brains, the smarter they become, and the more they think hard, the better they become. Because I mastered and used this method, I won the first prize in Wuhan in the national mathematics competition.
Just try it.
Hands-on helps to digest what you have learned and achieve mastery. I often deduce the formula that the teacher said after class. Don't read, recite. In this way, I can master the formula thoroughly and lay a solid foundation for the deformation calculation of the formula.
Cultivate the spirit of innovation
The so-called creation is to think of new methods, make new achievements and establish new theories. Creation is not limited to the methods and textbooks taught by teachers. Usually, there are some thorny problems. After I understand the methods taught by the teacher, I have to find out whether there are other solutions, so as to deepen my understanding of the problem, compare the advantages and disadvantages of several solutions, and make my problem-solving thinking reach a higher level.
Listen to the teacher carefully.
This is the main reason why I got good grades. Listen attentively, follow the teacher's thinking, don't be distracted, and don't listen at the same time. Secondly, we should pay attention to every word the teacher says, because mathematics is famous for its rigor, and there are serious differences between words, and there are infinite mysteries hidden between words. Pay attention to taking notes when listening to the lecture. Once the teacher talked about a difficult geometry problem, which I didn't understand at the moment. Fortunately, I wrote down the problem and the solution, thought it over carefully when I got home, and finally understood it thoroughly, so that I easily solved a similar problem in a competition and got a valuable score of 10. Raise your hand to speak actively in class. The benefits of raising your hand are really many!
(1) can consolidate the knowledge learned in class.
(2) Exercise your eloquence.
Those vague ideas and mistakes can be taught by teachers. It's killing three birds with one stone. In short, listening should be done with hands, mouth, eyes, ears and heart.
Extracurricular exercises
Confucius said, "Learn from time to time". Homework after class is also an important part of learning and consolidating mathematics. I pay great attention to the accuracy and speed of solving problems. Accuracy means accuracy, concentrate on completing your homework independently, strive to be accurate once, and correct any mistakes in time. And speed is to exercise your concentration and sense of urgency. I often do this. I set the alarm clock at the beginning of my homework and put it out of sight, which helps to improve the speed of my homework. I won't be nervous during the exam, and I won't lose sight of one thing.
Review and preview
For the review of mathematics, I intend to preview it every night. After finishing my homework that day, I will briefly look at the new knowledge I will learn the next day, and then recall what the teacher said. When I sleep in bed, I will "watch" the teacher's class in my mind like watching a movie. If there is any problem, I will get up and look at it immediately until I understand it. Every Sunday, I will also summarize, review and preview the week's homework. This is good for learning mathematics, and you won't forget it if you master it firmly.