First, the movie plot

The film is based on a middle-class China family living in the United States.

Adapted from a series of experiences caused by tuberculosis. The story takes place in Central America.

St Louis, a city on the Sisibi River. A young China couple.

It has been eight years since China's "American Dream" immigrated here. The protagonist Xu Datong is one of them.

As a successful computer game designer, he told Linda excitedly at an award ceremony.

He loves America in his hometown and his "American dream" has come true here. However, Datong has just arrived in America.

China's father shaved his grandson Dennis when he had a fever, but he didn't.

Hidden dangers are buried unconsciously. Doctor, Dennis was injured unexpectedly and was taken to the hospital.

During the examination, he found bruises on his back caused by scratches.

The bureau sued Datong for child abuse. Datong was forced to stay away from his wife and children and lost his job.

Without friends, the "American Dream" was shattered.

2. Cultural background

The film passes through China, which tends to be emotional in culture, and Mozambique, which tends to be rational in the United States.

Friction and conflict unfold the plot, which fully explains the theme of the film-eastern and western cultures.

Difference.

"Culture is that individuals and collectives in a group will

Knowledge, experience, belief, attitude, meaning, class, religion, concept of the times,

Survival role, spatial relationship, world outlook, material outlook and values have all been precipitated and passed down from generation to generation.

The product of fertility "("cultural definition "). Due to historical reasons, China's

Culture is ancient and time-honored, but America is more modern, so this culture

The differences will become more prominent and obvious.

Since ancient times, China has been a country of great harmony, advocating "tranquility" and "Wei Yuan"

Taoism and Confucianism, which advocate "harmony" and "simplicity", have been influential since ancient times.

China people from generation to generation, these traditional ideas have shaped the behavior of China people to a great extent.

Attitude. The United States is an immigrant country with a history of more than 200 years.

Our culture is characterized by individuality and modernization, and advocates individuality and freedom. they

The progress of science and technology, the creation of wealth and the establishment of democracy are all divorced from modern society.

Development needs and interpersonal relationships are also established according to modern standards.

F date of receipt] 2 OLO-O 1-30

Author's brief introduction Zhang Pengrong (1970 I), female, associate professor of Foreign Languages Department of Harbin Engineering University. Research interests: literature and translation.

Purple mark 55 that is difficult to eliminate in the third stage.

Second, analyze the cultural differences between China and the West in Guasha and their solutions.

1. Differences in ways of thinking

(1) Cognition of "scraping"

The most controversial topic in the film is "what is scraping". If the master

Datong can successfully explain to the court in the American way, "What is scraping?"

And let them understand and accept, there will be no problem. But the truth is,

They know the meaning of every word in Datong, but they don't know what it is when they are connected together.

It is cloudy. "Scraping is one of the traditional natural therapies in China. It treats the skin with a towel.

According to the theory, instruments (horns, jade, cupping) are used in the relevant parts of the skin.

Scraping, in order to achieve the purpose of dredging meridians, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ("scraping"), scraping.

After that, it will leave some red and purple bruises on the skin. "It was (scrapped) from ancient China.

A generation's understanding of the human body and diseases is a product of thought "(The Future of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

Source "). Although scraping has scientific basis, it can't be detected by instruments, which

Contrary to western medicine theory. Western medicine is based on anatomy, and more.

Westerners should pay more attention to rationality, analysis and demonstration if they want to accept the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

It must be explained on the basis of anatomy. But in fact, we can't.

Explain "Guasha", "Dantian" and "Seven Meridians and Eight Veins" with anatomical theory.

Different cultural backgrounds have created different medical theoretical understandings, so at the hearing,

At the meeting, when Datong explained scrapping in China's way, the hearing personnel's reaction was: I.

The children don't understand, so you can either explain it to us in a way that we can understand, or

Just prove it to us with an American medical book. Datong appeared at this time.

Is so shocked and helpless.

(2) Cognition of "American Dream"

The term "American Dream" was first coined by James Adams in 193 1 year.

It was put forward in his book American Epic and developed with the development of American history.

Most scholar believe: "that American dream can be regarded as the pursuit of freedom.

Seek the creed that in the United States of America, all citizens and residents as long as they have contact.

If you work hard, you can pursue and realize your dreams "(USA)

The central idea of "American Dream" is personal freedom, liberation and excitement.

Fight. Datong has realized its "American dream" to a certain extent, but it is difficult to find it.

Become an American fundamentally, because he is deeply branded in his bones.

The symbol of China. Immigrants are like pebbles in the river, wet on the outside, but

It will never become a part of the river "(He Yunbo, 2004). The following sections

Conversation between Datong and his boss and friend Lin Kun (Datong because Lin Kun was also at the hearing)

He refused to help him in the world and lost. He was angry and wanted to resign. ) It fully shows the prices of the East and the West.

Differences in values.

Lin Kun: Datong, I'm sorry. I just want to tell you that I can't say it.

Lies They know everything.

Datong: Leave me alone! I don't have time for your excuses! I just want to.

I want my wife and son back!

Lin Kun: Is this more important than your job? !

Datong was extremely disappointed. In his eyes, without his wife and children, there would be nothing about R. but

As a standard American, Lin Kun thinks that work (money) is everything.

It can replace everything, including love and life. Immigrants may be able to

I have realized my "American dream" economically, but it is difficult to reach an agreement with the natives spiritually.

Field.

(3) Cognition of the image of "the Monkey King"

Almost every major scene in the film has the image of "the Monkey King"

A portrayal of Datong, and there was a heated debate about it at the hearing of Datong.

"the Monkey King" originated from rl 1 and classic The Journey to the West, and has its unique meaning.

Connotation. Jin literature pays attention to describing characters through description tables.

The author's attitude towards real life. So "the Monkey King" L in Two Travels.

He is not only a monkey, but also a hero. He is smart, brave, sensitive and upright.

The distinction between love and hate represents the first time that ancient people rose up against feudal oppression.

Front. Westerners pay more attention to logical relations in literature, and it is difficult to understand China's ancient times.

The profound connotation of classics, because they have not experienced feudal society, so the west

Fang people can't understand "the Monkey King" as a heroic image. Children's happiness in movies

Lawyers of Li Bureau defined it as "China's cruel and savage monkey".

This view was even acquiesced by the judge. They think the Monkey King is one of them.

An uncivilized animal, so its game developer Datong is also a kind.

A violent man. The debate at the hearing fully reflected the East.

Cultural misunderstanding and influence brought by western cultural differences.

2. Interpersonal differences

(1) Kinship in the family

There is an old saying in China: "All evils come first, and filial piety of all virtues comes first", and filial piety is in the middle.

One of the traditional virtues of China. Datong is a typical China native and has a successful career in the United States.

Then, when China's old father came to the United States to support himself, Dennis was killed.

When I was scraping my old father in the welfare home, Datong didn't tell him the truth just in case.

He is anxious to get angry, which is a natural reaction of China people. The west is

Different, Americans pay more attention to and believe in personal ability, and the elderly also like independence.

Home and self-sufficiency to prove themselves. They can't understand the other side of China. No

Filial piety by asking for help or protection. So, when you know that it's not Datong but

When his father scratched Dennis, Lin Kun wondered why Chase was at the hearing.

He admitted that he did it himself, and then asked Jane (Datong's wife) why, Jane?

Ning said frankly, "Because he is from China", which gave a lot.

appalling

At the same time, the relationship between family members is also reflected in many films. Great harmony

A family of three is a microcosm of China's family, "pampering" and Confucianism.

The "three cardinal guides and five permanents" of family thought are all interpreted in Datong. Dennis hit it.

When Lin Kun's son didn't apologize, Datong slapped Dennis, which was in America.

Not only is it illegal, but it also violates their individualism creed. Usually, the United States

Parents will not interfere with their children without breaking the law. In China,

Influenced by traditional culture, children are part of parents' wealth, and children must listen.

Adults and parents plan their children's future and shape their children according to their own ideas.

Children's lives do not consider their feelings. Jenny, in order to find Dennis as soon as possible

Integration into the United States forced him to speak only English, but I never thought whether he would like to.

(2) Friendship in society

China people like to emphasize "loyalty", "filial piety" and "righteousness", which refers to the struggle between friends.

Righteousness and loyalty are for friends to "do whatever they want"; Americans are different,

They pay more attention to facts, and the facts between friends and facts are more important. Because of this difference

Different, Datong and Lin Kun had differences after the hearing.

Lin Kun: I only believe in facts! You shouldn't have hit Dennis!

Datong: Why did I hit him? Hmm? My own son? I hit him, not yet.

To save your face! That's for your face! Guess what?

Lin Kun: China's logic is a mess! Hit your son. How is that possible?

Are you giving me face?

Here, slapping your son in the face and giving face to your friends are all ways to enhance friendship.

"Art", without this cultural understanding, this kind of "art" is nothing to Lin Kun.

I can't accept it anyway. Mr. Lin Yutang said in the article "Face and Rule of Law"

Said, "FL fans' faces can not only be washed, shaved, but also lost and rewarded.

Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

You can fight, you can stay, sometimes it seems that fighting for face is the first meaning of life, and even ruin your family.

Making money is not an exaggeration "(Huang Ming, 2005). This demeaning behavior.

It is ridiculous and unreasonable for westerners to attach importance to each other. No wonder.

Lin Kun roared: "China's logic is really chaotic!"

3. Differences in legal concepts

(1) litigation awareness

The United States is the representative of the legal society, and its legal system is very perfect.

Rules involve all aspects of life, people's legal awareness is very strong, and litigation is similar.

Has become a part of life. Because of this, there are ten categories of American lawyers.

Be more specific, what kind of lawsuit and what kind of professional lawyer. China people emphasize the middle.

Mediocrity, like to roll with the punches, roll with the punches, litigation is the extreme when there is no way out.

The end means that the understanding is not very deep. Affected by this, Datong is interested in the formal immigration law.

The hearing before the trial procedure doesn't care. He asked about Lin Kun in property law.

He argued that Lin Kun immediately pointed out:

Lin Kun: Family law is a special legal direction. Listen to the horse.

The meeting is about to begin, so you have to find a professional lawyer to defend it.

Datong: Hey, you know how much I love Dennis. You are my best friend.

The best lawyer I know, you are the best person to help me.

Lin Kun: But I'm just a property lawyer. I know little about family law.

Datong: Dennis is my son, so I have his property rights, right? they

This is just a mistake. As long as you tell the truth, I can take my son home. I can

I am counting on you!

The result is obvious, because I don't know the details of American law and I don't know how.

In his own defense, Datong's first hearing failed.

(2) The court provides evidence

The proceedings in American courts are also very different from those in China, especially in

As far as evidence is concerned. Americans pay attention to logical relations, and evidence is facts and everything.

Datong doesn't understand this proof, he just makes sense according to his own feelings. listen to

The Securities Association thought scraping was a kind of abuse, so Datong told them about himself.

Experience, saying that his father also scraped for him, but this is completely absent in American law.

It can be called evidence, and there is no American medical book to prove it.

Therefore, scraping becomes abuse. On the contrary, there are ten lawyers in the Child Welfare Bureau.

Be good at giving evidence, and prove that Datong has a violent tendency with all kinds of so-called facts.

To. He misinterpreted the Monkey King's heroic image, belittled China culture and deliberately angered Da.

With, make Datong gaffe at the hearing. Although the means are shameless, they are practical.

It turned out that Datong R was violent, so he won. Evidence is everything, this

It's American law

4. Solutions to cultural differences between the East and the West

(1) The Solution in Film Scraping

The whole movie is actually a cross-cultural exchange between China and the United States. filmic

Finally, Datong saw his son and climbed nine floors along the pipeline outside the building on Christmas Eve.

This nine-story pipe is not only the distance between a father and a son, but also

This is the gap between eastern and western cultures. Because of cultural incomprehension, Datong

Almost separated, misunderstood by friends, and lost his job. Still not.

People had to give up: Datong climbed the cold and long pipeline on Christmas Eve to see his son.

Son; My old father went back to China specially to mail the scrapped books to Datong as proof.

Its rationality; Lin Kun went to Chinatown and personally felt a scraping; The people at the hearing

Members also constantly reflect on the rationality of the law. After all kinds of hardships, they tried.

Try to feel each other's cultural differences, experience it, and understand it, so as to shorten it.

(2) Solutions in real life

Language is the product of cultural development, and it also deeply affects culture. if

When we learn a language, we ignore the understanding of its culture, then we will be like.

Just like the Datong couple in the movie, although they can communicate with foreigners without obstacles.

Flow, but when you encounter "hidden culture", you can't correctly understand their meaning.

Therefore, while laying a good foundation for a foreign language, we should also attach importance to its national culture.

Cognition and understanding, in the face of cultural shock, can have empathy.

Consciousness, respect each other's culture.

In short, a country and a nation all have their own special cultural background.

And in the process of human growth, it exerts a subtle influence on people's way of thinking.

And behavior patterns. Based on different cultural backgrounds, China and the United States have their own uniqueness.

Special way of thinking, interpersonal relationship and legal concept, people in the process of communication.

I am always used to measuring other people's thoughts and behaviors by my own cultural standards.

Cultural differences lead to cultural conflicts, so contradictions and injuries are inevitable. Scratching sound

This is Sha's vivid interpretation of the cultural differences between China and the West.

And also emphasizes the jumping and solvability of contradictions.

Cultural misunderstanding is not terrible, what is terrible is the distortion and exaggeration of cultural misunderstanding between countries.

In our daily life, we should learn from the cultures of other countries and nationalities.

Learn to understand, respect each other's culture, conduct successful cross-cultural exchanges and serve the East.

Western cultural exchanges make efforts.