Zu Chongzhi (429-500) was an outstanding mathematician and scientist in China. People in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Han people, the word Wen Yuan. Born in Yuanjia for six years and died in Hou Yongyuan for two years. Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, people took "the diameter of three weeks a week" as pi, which was called "ancient pi". He wrote a book "seal script", as a textbook of imperial academy in Tang Dynasty, which was included in the famous "Ten Books of Calculating Classics". In mechanics, he designed and manufactured water hammer mills and copper parts. Zu Chongzhi and his son Zuxuan (also a famous mathematician in China) solved the calculation of the volume of a sphere with ingenious methods. They adopted a principle at that time: "If the power supply potential is the same, the products should not be different." That is to say, two solids located between two parallel planes are cut by any plane parallel to these two planes. If the areas of two sections are always equal, then the volumes of two solids are equal. This principle is based on the following points. However, it was discovered by Karl Marx more than 1000 years ago. In order to commemorate the great contribution of grandfather and son in discovering this principle, everyone also called this principle "the ancestor principle".
▲ Zhang Qiujian-
▲ Zhu Shijie (1300 or so), whose real name is Han Qing, lives in Yanshan (now near Beijing), "traveled around the lake and sea with famous mathematicians for more than 20 years" and "followed the door to gather scholars". Zhu Shijie's representative works in mathematics include "Arithmetic Enlightenment" (1299) and "Meeting with the Source" (1303). "Arithmetic Enlightenment" is a well-known mathematical masterpiece, which spread overseas and influenced the development of mathematics in Korea and Japan. "Thinking of the source meets" is another symbol of the peak of China's mathematics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, among which the most outstanding mathematical creations are "thinking of the source" (the formulation and elimination of multivariate higher-order equations), "overlapping method" (the summation of higher-order arithmetic progression) and "seeking difference method" (the high-order interpolation method).
▲ Jia Xian: Nine Chapters of the Yellow Emperor is a classic fine grass. People in the Northern Song Dynasty completed Nine Chapters of the Yellow Emperor's Fine Grass in about 1050. The original book was lost, but its main contents were copied by Yang Hui (about13rd century), which can be handed down from generation to generation. Yang Hui's Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters' Algorithms (126 1) has a diagram of the original prescription learning, which shows that "Jia Xian used this technique". This is the famous "Jiaxian Triangle", or "Yang Hui Triangle". At the same time, it records Jia Xian's "method of increasing, multiplying and opening" to the root of higher order. Jiaxian Triangle is called Pascal Triangle in western literature and was rediscovered by French mathematician B Pascal in 1654.
▲ Qin: > (about 1202 ~ 126 1), a native of Anyue, Sichuan, was once an official in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, and was banished to Meizhou around 126 1 year. In his early years in Hangzhou, "Visiting a Taishi and learning from a hermit" was written in 1247. The book "Shu Shu Jiu Zhang" 18, 8 1 title, is divided into nine categories (Wild Goose, Shi Tian, Tianjing, Prospecting, Foraging, Qian Gu, Architecture, Military Service, Market Changes). Its most important mathematical achievements —— "Dayan summation method" (one-time congruence group solution) and "positive and negative leveling method" (numerical solution of higher-order equations) made this Song Dynasty arithmetic classic occupy a prominent position in the history of medieval mathematics.
▲ Ye Li: "Rounding the Sea Mirror"-Kaiyuan Art With the development of numerical solution technology of higher-order equations, the method of listing equations has also appeared accordingly, which is called "Kaiyuan Art". Among the mathematical works handed down from Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, Ye Li's "Measuring the Round Sea Mirror" is the first work that systematically expounds Kaiyuan.
1. Hua, a talented mathematician, the founder of modern mathematics in China! !
2. Chen Shengshen-the father of differential geometry
3. Su, a modern mathematician in China, found a cubic algebraic cone when studying general surfaces, which is a major breakthrough in geometry research.
4. Chen Jingrun (1933.5~ 1996.3) is a modern mathematician in China. The first mathematician in China who conquered Goldbach's conjecture.
Qiu Chengtong, a student of Chen Shengshen, won the Phil Mathematics Prize for solving many important differential geometry problems!