Sun Bin (? Before -3 16), his real name was Sun Boling (whose genealogy can be found in Sun Shi, Shandong Province), a strategist of the Warring States Period in China, Han nationality, and a native of Juancheng, Shandong Province. Born in the Warring States Period, between Qi State and Qi State (now Acheng Town, yanggu county, Shandong Province, north of Juancheng County). Sun Bin is a descendant of Sun Wu. Seven feet long is about 16 1cm (a week is 23. 1cm). Pang Juan's Art of War [1]. Later, Pang Juan became a general, tricked Sun Bin into Wei and killed him (that is, cut off his feet). After being secretly rescued by the envoys of Qi State, he was appointed as a strategist. His works include the long-lost Art of War by Sun Bin. 1972 Unearthed bamboo slips in Yinque Mountain, Linyi, Shandong, with more than 11,000 words. Sun Bin's flogging is actually wrong. The preface to Taishi Gong mentions that "Sun Tzu is full of fat, and the revised draft of Sun Tzu's Art of War" is about Sun Bin's foot being cut off, not his kneecap. During the Warring States Period in Sun Bin, Qi lived in a remote mountain village far from Linzi, the capital of Qi. In his later years, Sun Bin lived in seclusion and devoted himself to the research and writing of military theory. It was late autumn. On this day, Sun Bin looked up from several boxes full of bamboo slips and looked at the dead leaves falling in the autumn wind outside the window. His eyes couldn't help turning to his disabled legs. Those hard and unforgettable years in the past seemed to emerge before his eyes. Sun Bin was born in Qi State (present-day northeast yanggu county). His real name is unknown today. Because he was flogged (his kneecap had been removed), he was later called Sun Bin. According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi, Sun Bin is a descendant of his grandson, who died more than 100 years ago, including Sun Bin. Sun Bin studied the art of war with Ren Wei and Pang Juan when he was young. This Guiguzi is a hermit with profound virtue and complete talent. He is proficient in mathematics, as well as the sun, stars and latitude. What he said is true. It is also widely remembered and widely heard, and it is reasonable to judge the situation and it is difficult to say it. He is also proficient in the study of birth class, the cultivation of truth, the guidance of diet, and the elimination of illness and longevity; Especially proficient in military science, six towers and three strategies, endless changes, array and soldiers, ghosts and gods are unpredictable. It is said that his disciples are numerous, and famous strategists in the Warring States period, such as Liao Wei, strategists Su Qin and Zhang Yi, all came from his door. Sun Bin is simple and honest, modest and prudent, and studies hard, which Guiguzi values very much. One day, Guiguzi said to his disciples, "I hate hearing mice at night." You take turns to stay at night and drive away the mice for me. " That night, it was Sun Bin's turn to stay overnight. Guiguzi called Sun Bin to his side, took out a roll of papers from under his pillow and said to him, "This is the 13 art of war left by your grandparents. At that time, your ancestors gave it to He Lv, the king of Wu, and He Lv defeated the Chu army with his tactics. After Yan Lu treasured this book, he didn't want to spread it widely, but put it in an iron cabinet and hid it in the house of Gusutai. This book won't survive because the soldiers burned Taiwan Province. I want to make friends with your ancestors and get this book. I am personally commenting; The secrets of the soldiers are all in it, and no one has been lightly sentenced. Today, I see my son is honest and sincere, and I will pay. " And warned: "those who get this book, make good use of it to benefit the world, and use it badly to harm the world." So Sun Bin went back to the dormitory and studied day and night. After 3 days, I can recite correctly, such as answering questions. Guiguzi questioned one by one, and Sun Bin answered every word, all of which had unique insights and profound play. Guiguzi was very surprised. Sun Bin said happily, "You can be so careful. Your ancestor Mr. Sun Wu has a successor. " Who knows, Pang Juan found out later, and Pang Juan was jealous of Sun Bin. This man is naturally treacherous and jealous. How can he tolerate Sun Bin surpassing himself? However, he is good at camouflage, and once became brothers with Sun Bin. One day, a disciple went down the mountain to fetch water. It was said by passers-by that Wei had money to recruit talented people. Pang Juan was moved and wanted to apply for a job in Wei. Guiguzi knows what it means when he looks at it, right? He asked Pang Juan to go down the mountain. I met Sun Bin before going down the mountain. If you have a foothold in this trip, you must recommend Sun Bin for meritorious service. If you spill the beans, you will die under ten thousand arrows. Sun Bin was inexplicably moved and said goodbye to him in tears. In the middle of the Warring States Period, Chu Yan, Han, Zhao Wei and the Seven Heroes all wanted to unify the country by force. At that time, Wei was the strongest of the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period. Wei Huiwang heard that a disciple who claimed to be Guiguzi came to apply for the job, so he gladly met with him. Pang Juan visited Wei Huiwang, finger painting, and poured all his life's learning, lest it be inexhaustible. He asked, "There is Qi in the east, Qin in the west, Chu in the south and North Korea, Zhao and Yan. Surrounded by big countries, how can we gain a foothold among nations? " Pang boasted with tears: "If your majesty wants me to be a general, I dare say it is not difficult to destroy them. Is it necessary to be afraid of them? " If not, I'd rather be punished. "Wei Huiwang was very happy, so he made Pang Juan a general and named him a strategist. His son Pang Ying, nephews Pang Cong and Pang Mao all became generals. This group of "Pang Family Generals" have been training all day and are ambitious. Soon, he led an army to attack weak Wei, Song and other countries, and won many victories, and fought back against Qi, which came to attack. At that time, Pang Juan became famous, and Wei Huiwang trusted Pang Juan more. After Pang Juan was reused in Wei, he didn't honor his promise to invite Sun Bin down the mountain. Later, when Wei Huiwang heard that Sun Bin was very talented, he asked Pang Juan to write an invitation, but Pang Juan had to agree. After receiving Pang Juan's letter, Sun Bin thanked Pang Juan for his recommendation and immediately packed up and went to Wei. After seeing Sun Bin, Pang Juan was insincere and warmly received. Soon, however, Pang Juan forged letters and designed to frame Sun Bin. Slander Sun Bin in front of him, saying that he was having an affair with Qi. In a fit of pique, King Hui wanted to put Sun Bin to death. In order to defraud Sun Bin of the art of war, Pang Juan hypocritically pleaded with Wang Wei in front of his classmates and turned the death penalty into flogging. Sun Bin's kneecap was dug out, his face was pricked with a needle, and then he drew it with ink. Sun Bin became a basket case, living on Pang Juan every day, always feeling sorry for others. In order to repay Pang Juan's kindness, Sun Bin promised to recite the Art of War 13 and write it on a bamboo tube. Sun Bin copies hard every day. The boy servant who waited on him could not stand it any longer, so he told Sun Bin the truth. Until now, it suddenly dawned on Sun Bin that he saw the true face of Pang Juan and he really regretted it. Now under the control of Pang Juan, his knees are gone and his legs can't walk. Very sad. But Sun Bin is a man of extraordinary will, and he is not depressed. He buried his hatred deep in his heart. On the one hand, he skillfully dealt with Pang Juan, on the other hand, he was trying to find an opportunity to get rid of Pang Juan's surveillance as soon as possible, thinking that one day he would be free to gallop and avenge himself. He began to play the fool, burning the newly written military books one by one, crying, laughing and making all kinds of silly faces: spitting or screaming. People were frightened and told Pang Juan about it at once. Pang Juan personally looked at it and saw Sun Bin's face was full of phlegm and saliva. Sometimes he fell down and laughed, and sometimes he burst into tears. Pang Juan was sly by nature, afraid that he would play the fool, so he ordered him to be dragged into the pigsty, and Sun Bin appeared naked, lying in the dunghill. Pang Juan is still dubious, but the supervision is much looser than before. Sun Bin talks nonsense all day, crying or laughing, wandering in the streets during the day and staying in the pigsty at night. A few days later, Pang Juan began to believe that he was crazy. Later, Chunyu Kun was sent to visit Wei. Sun Bin took advantage of people's unprepared, secretly met with Qi Shi, and made a generous speech as a criminal, which moved Qi Shi. So Chunyu Kun secretly left Wei with Sun Bin and returned to Linzi, Qi. After bringing Sun Bin to Qi, the envoy of Qi recommended him to General Tian Ji. Tian Ji appreciated Sun Bin's talent and sympathized with Sun Bin's misfortune. He invited him as a guest, treated him with courtesy and did everything he was told. At that time, among the royal aristocrats of Qi, a horse racing game was popular. Tian Ji and Qi Weiwang win less and lose more in horse racing. Sun Bin observed many times on the spot and found that the horses on both sides can be roughly divided into upper, middle and lower grades, and the horsepower of each grade is similar, so he said to Tian Ji, "I can let the general win a horse race, so I might as well bet more. Tian Ji is very happy to play with Qi Weiwang. On the day of the competition, Sun Bin gave Tian Ji an idea to let Tian Ji use the first-class horse against the middle-class horse in Qi Weiwang; Use a medium horse against a low horse in Qi Weiwang; Finally, in Qi Weiwang, bad horses will be used against good ones. Tian Ji suddenly enlighted, as planned, as a result, Tian Ji won two wins and one loss, and won the bet. This is the origin of the story "Horse Racing in Tian Ji". This short story reveals a very important military law, that is, in a war, we should focus on the overall situation, be good at overall planning, and sacrifice local interests for overall victory. If this law is correctly applied, we can look at the inferior side from the overall situation, adopt the tactics of surprise victory, make some concessions, and finally win an all-round victory, so as to achieve the expected goal of defeating the strong with the weak. It is precisely because the story of "Horse Racing in Tian Ji" contains the core of truth that it has been passed down as a much-told story and spread far-reaching. In addition, the method adopted by Sun Bin in Tian Ji Horse Racing is also considered as the earliest application of "strategy theory". In fact, for Sun Bin, it was only one or two skills that helped Tian Ji win the horse race, but Tian Ji was more impressed with Sun Bin and formally recommended him to Qi Weiwang. Qi Weiwang talked with him about the strategy of Sun Tzu's Art of War, and Sun Bin vomited what he had learned in his life. The two chatted very speculatively. Qi Weiwang thought that Sun Bin was a rare military genius, and he really felt a brief encounter, so he immediately worshipped Sun Bin as a strategist. In this way, through this horse race, Sun Bin became a blockbuster, from a "criminal survivor" to the leader of the Qi army. At this turbulent stage of the Warring States Period, he began to show his talents. In 354 BC, Pang Juan, the general of Wei State, sent 80,000 troops and besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao State. Unable to resist, Zhao sent messengers to Qi for help. Qi Weiwang wants to send Sun Bin as a general and lead his troops to help Zhao. Declined politely, Sun Bin said, "I am a disabled person who has been punished. It's not convenient to lead troops I'd better ask Dr. Tian to be a general. I'll give you advice from the side Qi Weiwang wanted to think, and worshipped Tian Ji as a general and Sun Bin as a strategist. He sent his troops to save Zhao. As soon as the army came out, Tian Ji wanted to go straight to Handan and quickly solve the siege of Zhao. Sun Bin disapproved of this tactic of bashing head-on, and proposed to take advantage of the emptiness of Wei's domestic forces to send troops straight to the capital of Wei, forcing Wei Jun to rush to Zhao for rescue. This kind of strategic thinking will avoid the fatigue of the Qi army's long-distance attack, which will lead to Wei Jun's passivity and be immediately adopted by Tian Ji, leading the Qi army to kill the girder. Wei Jun managed to capture Handan, but the news came that the Qi army was besieged and the capital of Wei was in an emergency. Pang Juan didn't leave his army. Except for a few troops defending Handan, he was busy leading the army to help the girders. Unexpectedly, when I arrived in Guiling, I was surrounded by the Qi army. Wei Jun has been fighting hard for a long time, and its foot soldiers are tired. How can he fight the Qi army? Results were beaten out of the water, be defeated and flee, even the Lord Pang Juan was captured alive. Finally, Wei had to make peace with Qi and return it to Handan obediently. This is the famous battle of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" in history. In fact, it is also a heavy blow from Sun Bin to Pang Juan. But Sun Bin didn't kill Pang Juan. He just disciplined him and let him go. After the Battle of Guiling 10 years, that is, in 342 BC, Pang Juan led 65,438+10,000 troops and 1000 personnel carriers to attack South Korea in three ways. Small South Korea can't resist Pang Juan's attack. At that time, the situation was critical, so envoys were sent to Qi for help. Qi Weiwang called ministers to discuss countermeasures. Some advocate doing nothing, others advocate sending troops to rescue, and they are deadlocked. Sun Bin didn't speak. When Qi Weiwang saw this situation, he said, "Do you think these two views are wrong?" Sun Bin nodded and said, "yes. I think Wei bullied the weak, and if South Korea is occupied, it will definitely be bad for Qi, so I don't agree with the idea of self-destruction. However, Wei is in full swing now. If you rush to send troops, don't you have to take the initial blow instead of the Korean army? " Qi Weiwang said, "So, what should I do according to my husband's opinion? Sun Bin said: "I think we can agree to the Korean request first." They know that we can send troops to save it, and we must fight against the invading Wei Jun with all our strength; After fierce fighting in Wei Jun, human and material resources will also be greatly consumed. At that time, we will send troops to attack the exhausted Wei Jun and save South Korea in danger, so that we can use less force, see more results, win easily and benefit a lot. I wonder what your majesty thinks? Qi Weiwang appreciated Sun Bin's advice and immediately adopted it. A year later, when the fighting between Wei and Han armies became more intense and the strength of both sides was greatly weakened, Qi Weiwang decided to send troops to participate in the fighting, with Tian Ji as the main commander and Sun Bin as the strategist. So, Sun Bin and Pang Juan met again on the battlefield and launched a large-scale life-and-death contest. At the beginning of the campaign, according to Sun Bin's plan, the Qi army went straight ahead and targeted the attack at the capital girder of Wei. Soon after, Sun Bin learned that Pang Juan had returned to Beijing and said to Tian Ji, "Wei Jun has always been brave and good at fighting, and now he is eager to fight a decisive battle with our army. We must seize this kind of psychology and induce them to be fooled. " Tian Ji said, "What the strategist means is ..." Sun Bin interjected, "We can pretend to be timid and lure the enemy deeper by forcing the troops to cut corners. "Then, Sun Bin described Tian Ji like this. Pang Juan returned to Wei day and night, and he ordered to seize the main force of the Qi army and fight to the end. Unexpectedly, the Qi army refused to participate in the war, and retreated eastward at the slightest contact. Pang Juan followed closely. On the first day, I saw that there were 65,438+10,000 cooking stoves in the camp of Qi Army. The next day, there were 50 thousand people left in the kitchen; On the third day, there were only thirty thousand people left. Pang Juan was very happy to see this scene and said proudly, "I know that the soldiers of Qi are cowards, and now most of them have escaped in less than three days!" So he ordered: leave the infantry and heavy supplies, concentrate the cavalry to advance lightly, and pursue and annihilate the Qi army. Sun Bin learned of Pang Juan's report on the pursuit of the Qing Dynasty and happily said to everyone: "The end of Pang Juan is here!" At this time, the Qi army just came to a place called Maling Road. Maling Road is located between two high mountains, with dense trees and dangerous mountains. There is only a narrow path in the middle, which is a good battlefield for ambush and body count. Sun Bin ordered: cut down trees on the spot and block the path; Choose another big tree by the roadside, scrape off a section of bark and write on the trunk: "Pang Juan died under this tree!" " "A few characters. Subsequently, 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 archers were ordered to ambush in the dense forests on both sides, and were told to shoot together as long as they saw a fire in Shu Da at night. While speaking, in the evening, Pang Juan's Wei Jun cavalry really came to Maling Road. Hearing that the road ahead was blocked by trees, Pang Juan was busy looking ahead. In the twilight, he saw a big tree by the road, and there was a faint word on the white stubble, so he ordered someone to light the fire. When Pang Juan saw the thread on the tree, he was surprised and knew that he had been cheated by Sun Bin. He advised Wei Jun to stop, but it was too late. The Qi army in ambush in the forest was in full swing, and Wei Jun, who was caught off guard, suffered numerous casualties and was flustered. Pang Juan was seriously injured, knowing that the defeat was decided, he drew his sword and killed himself. Qi attacked Wei Jun's follow-up troops, and even Prince Wei was captured. After the victory in the Battle of Maling, Sun Bin became famous.