[Edit this paragraph] I. Translation
At the beginning, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, said to Lv Meng, "Since you are in power, you can't stop studying!" Lumen refused with many military affairs. Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to study Confucian classics as a scholar?" ! You should just skim through it and get to know the history. You said you were busy. Who can compare with me? I often study, and I think reading is very beneficial. "So Lv Meng began to study. Once Lu Su came to Xunyang, and Lu Su and Monroe talked about it. After listening to Monroe's opinion, Lu Su was very surprised and said, "With your current talents and strategies, you are no longer the Monroe of Wuxian!" Lv Meng said: "After being separated from ambitious people for many days, it is necessary to look at (me) from a new perspective. How did Big Brother know it was too late! " So Lu Su met Monroe's mother, became friends with Monroe, and said goodbye to each other. At the beginning of "Reading Rhythm", Quan/Wei/Lv Meng said: "Qing/Today/Dangtu is in charge, you can't/don't learn! "Mongolia/resignation/Israel has many tasks in the army. Quan said, "I'm lonely/I don't want to be a noble person/I want to study classics/I want to be a doctor of evil (yé)! But when/dabble, see/hear. Qing Yan/Multitasking, Who/If/Lonely? I often study alone and feel that I am/have many benefits. "When you are enlightened, the school begins. And/Lu Su tried to find Yang and discuss with Meng/. He was surprised and said, "Qing/present is just a little bit, not restoration/Wu Xiameng!" " Meng said, "if you say goodbye for three days, you will be more respectful, big brother/why/what you saw/in the future!" "Sue-hence mother, make friends-and don't. This article is more vivid.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. Translation of words:
1, Chu: At the beginning, here are the established words of recalling the past. 2. Right: refers to Sun Quan (182—252), whose real name is Zhong Mou, a native of Fuchun (now Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province), the founder of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell. 5. Today: Now. 6. Tu is homophonic with Tu. Dangtu Dangdao: Dangtu Dangdao means Dangdao. In charge of political affairs (against: Dangtu: place names) 7. Remarks: dodge. 8. business: business. 9. Loneliness: the idea of ancient princes. 10, Confucian classics. Classics: The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu. 1 1. Dr.: a scholar who was responsible for teaching Confucian classics at that time. 12, dabble in: rough reading. 13, looking over: understanding history. Understand; The past refers to history. 14, yes: so, just. 15 and: it should be ... 16, passed: arrived. 17, Xunyang: county name, now southwest of Huangmei, Hubei. 18, talents: military or political talents and strategies. 19, uncomplicated: no longer. 20, more: update. 22. Big Brother: Big Brother, this is a courtesy title for elders of the same generation. 23, see things: recognize things. 24. but: only. 25, if you are: there is no comparison. Who: who, if: comparable. 26, just: nearly 27, so: just 28, three days: ambitious people are separated for a few days. Three: a few days, which means "less" (different from the usually explained "more"). 29. He: Why 30? Lu Meng (178-2 19): Zi Ming, a great general of Wu, once killed Tianshui 3 1. Er: a modal particle is equivalent to "JIU" and "JIU" 32. Wu Xia: It refers to the State of Wu. Now Suzhou, Jiangsu 33, Start: Start 34, Talk: Discussion 36, Discussion: Comment 37, Big: Extraordinary, Minute 38, Surprise: Surprise 39, Today: Now 40, Speaker: Used after the time word, no translation 4 1, Reply: Another 42, that is exactly 44. 45. Wu Xia Amon: During the Three Kingdoms period, Monroe, a famous soldier of the State of Wu, specifically referred to Monroe who was not good at reading, and later referred to people who lacked knowledge and talent. 46, when: in charge of Tong Jia's word evil (yé) through "yeah", modal particles, rhetorical questions; The two words "Tu" and "Tu" have different meanings: but when dabbling in (auxiliary verb, ying) and in charge of things (verb, right), see: seeing the past, understanding, seeing late (recognizing). Doctor: In ancient times, scholars specializing in Confucian classics at that time. Today, a degree. Past: ancient: refers to history. Today: a thing of the past
[Edit this paragraph] Third, ancient and modern synonyms
More ancient: new. ............ today: More and more until ... very, very big. Don't. Just lean on, this is to do this. A general term for scholars. Passing by, but dabbling in ancient times: only ............. today: the conjunction indicating the turning point: modal particles, translated as "JIU": ............ today: Dr. Ergu: ............, then a scholar in charge of teaching Confucian classics: studying for an advanced degree. Look over: Know ............ Today: Look over: Understand. Why does big brother see things too late? Recognize things.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Brief introduction of the author
Sima Guang (10 19— 1086), a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) is known as "Mr. Su Shui". In the last years of Baoyuan Jinshi Renzong, he was appointed to Tianzhangge as a lecturer and remonstrator. He was determined to compile general records as a reference for feudal rule. In the third year of Zhiping (1066), it was written in eight volumes from the Warring States to the Qin Dynasty. Yingzong ordered a bureau to continue to repair. Zong Shen gave it the name "Purple Tongzhi Sword". When Wang Anshi adopted the New Deal, he strongly opposed it and argued with Wang Anshi in front of the emperor, emphasizing that the laws of his ancestors could not be changed. He was appointed as the deputy special envoy of the Committee, but he refused to resign. In the third year of Xining (1070), he became known as Yongxing Army (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). The following year, he retired to Luoyang and continued to compile Tong Jian, which was completed in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084). From the beginning to the last edition, he wrote it himself. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Zhezong ascended the throne, and the Empress Dowager listened to politics and called her to Beijing to preside over state affairs. The following year, he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu. A few months later, he abolished the new law and ousted the new party. In order to die for eight months, Wen Guogong was hunted down. He is the author of Sima Zheng Wen Gong Ji and Giguru. In the first year of Baoyuan in Song Renzong (1038), Sima Guang was 20 years old and a scholar. Song Yingzong (Zhao Shu, 1032 ~ 1067) replaced his former consultant doctor Song Shenzong (Zhao Xu, 1048 ~ 1085). In the third year of Xining (1070), Sima Guang became famous for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. The following year, he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai, who lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and specially compiled "Learning from Mutual Adversity". Zhezong acceded to the throne and still served in the DPRK. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu, presided over the state affairs, abolished the new party and abolished the new law. Died a few months later. Posthumous title Wen Guogong, history, presented the book "Sima Ji". Sima Guang's main achievements are embodied in his academic research. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian. Zi Tongzhi Jian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total volume of 294 * *, which runs through ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period (403 BC) when Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, and ending at the end of the Five Dynasties (Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou) and before the end of Song Taizu (955 AD). The author recorded the historical facts of this year 1362 in chronological order, taking the year and month as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude. The cause and effect of major historical events are clearly explained, so that readers can see the development of historical facts at a glance. Sima Guang spent 19 years and most of his life compiling Zi Tong Zhi Jian from the third year of Ye Ping (A.D. 1066) to the seventh year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1084). In Zi Zhi Tong Jian, he said: "Day is insufficient, followed by night", "This book is full of energy". The title of the book means: "In view of the past, governance is the foundation." Sima Guang wrote a lot. In addition to Zi Jian, there are 80 volumes of Tong Jian Li, 20 volumes of Lu and 6 volumes of Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao. In addition, he has research and writings in literature, Confucian classics, philosophy and even medicine. His main representative works are Hanlin Cao Shi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi, Shuowen Jiezi and Shuowen Jiezi. Historically, Sima Guang was once regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius). On the political point of view, Sima Guang advocates that the legal system will never change and his political thoughts are conservative. He once said: "the law of the former king cannot be changed"; In his view, Wei Liede, the king of Zhou Dynasty, appointed Wei Si, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty, as a vassal, which was an abandonment of "the ceremony of the former king" and "the law of the ancestors". He and Prime Minister Wang Anshi are political enemies.
[Edit this paragraph] V. Teaching Reference of People's Education Press
1, overall grasp
This article is adapted from previous history books. Because the previous history books have been recorded in detail and there is no new historical data to supplement them, this paper rewrites the relevant records of the previous history books according to the principle of ellipsis. Compared with the words quoted by Pei Songzhi in The Story of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Mengchuan, this article is only 1 19. Although extremely simple, it is well cut, which not only retains the essence of the original text and the integrity of the story, but also highlights the elegance of the characters with a more refined style. This is a successful rewrite. This article is about Monroe's "beginner" under Sun Quan's persuasion, and soon her talent was amazing, which made Lu Su gasp in admiration and make friends with him. It can be divided into two layers: one is to write Sun Quan's "Persuade Learning" and Lu Meng's "Start Reading"; Later, Lu Su wrote "Discussion with Mongolia" and "Make Friends and Leave". The notes in this article are concise, and the full text only includes two parts: Sun Quan's Persuasion and Lu Su's Discussion with Meng, that is, explain the cause of the matter first, and then write the result, instead of how to learn and how to improve your talent. The result of writing is not directly about how Lu Meng studied and succeeded, but through the dialogue between Lu Su and Lu Meng.
2. Research on the problem
1. How does this article express the characters through dialogue? This paper focuses on expressing characters through dialogue. The dialogue is concise, vivid and interesting. A few words can make people feel the tone, expression and psychology of the three characters when they speak. Sun Quan advised him to study, and first pointed out to Lv Meng the necessity of "learning", that is, because of his important position as a servant, he had to study. Then he appeared and pointed out the possibility of "learning". So that Monroe could not refuse, "this is the beginning of learning." From Sun Quan's words, we can not only see his good words, but also feel his closeness, concern and expectation to Lv Meng, without losing his status as a master. "To be a talented person in today's life, you have to admire". It can be seen that Lu Su was surprised. In his eyes, Monroe has changed a lot, which shows that Monroe has made incredible and amazing progress because of "learning". It should be pointed out that Lu Su is not only superior to Monroe, but also knowledgeable. What he said can show that Monroe's progress is really extraordinary. "Don't say goodbye for three days, when you treat each other, why is it too late for Big Brother to see things?" This is Monroe's ingenious response to Lu Su's admiration. "Three days" is a short time. "Shaving your eyes" means wiping your eyes to show your surprise and disbelief. Besides, he loves talents very much. From Lu Meng's answer, we can see that he is quite complacent. His well-deserved calm attitude shows that he has made great progress. Sun Quan's words are exhortation, while Lu Su's and Monroe's words are ridicule, with different moods. In this paper, Lu Su and Monroe laughed and joked with each other, showing their true temperament and harmonious relationship, showing Monroe's "learning" under Sun Quan's persuasion, and showing Monroe's achievements and vivid pen and ink in learning, which is the most exciting part of the whole paper. 2. Why did Lu Su "make friends" with Monroe? The article ends with "Su Sui, the mother of Paimon, made friends and left". Lu Su took the initiative to "make friends" with Monroe because Lu Su was impressed by Monroe's talent and was willing to make friends with him. This shows that Lu Su respects and loves talents, and they are congenial. This last stroke is the aftertaste of Lu Su's "Discussion with Meng", which further shows the amazing progress of Monroe's talent from the side. On the other hand, it is not difficult for us to understand why Lu Su "made friends" when Monroe "had to go back to becoming a monk in Wu". Is there no social reason? When you have talent and knowledge, you can see that this person will definitely make great achievements in the future. Why not make friends early now and take care of each other later? It seems that a person doesn't have many friends, and it is still very important whether you have "use value"!
3. Practice notes
First of all, read the text carefully and think about what the change of Lu Meng has inspired you. The purpose of setting the topic is to make students understand the content of the text and be inspired by it. Read the text aloud and pay attention to the tone expressed by the words added in the following sentences. The purpose of the topic is to let students know the mood expressed by several modal particles in the text. Modal words in classical Chinese play an important role in expressing feelings and meanings, and they are numerous and flexible in usage, so we should pay attention to accumulating them at any time in the process of learning classical Chinese. The usage of modal particles in classical Chinese should be understood by reading aloud. 1. Lonely, do you want to be a doctor? Evil: Tong "Ye" indicates rhetorical tone, which is equivalent to "Ma". But when you dabble, you can see the past. Ear: it means restrictive mood, which can be translated as "just" 3. Brother, why is it too late? Almost: expressing an exclamation tone is equivalent to "ah" 4. What does the word "panic" reflect from the side? The word "fear" reflects the problem of "how to learn". .
[Edit this paragraph] VI. relevant information
Tong Zhi Jian Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty. 294 volumes, 30 volumes with reference materials, 30 volumes with contents, about 3 million words. Chronological history. Sima Guang's Eight Volumes from Warring States to Qin Ershi, named Tongzhi, entered Song Yingzong. In the third year of Zhiping (1066), he was ordered to set up a bookstore to continue compiling, which lasted 19 years until the seventh year of Zongshen Yuanfeng (1084). Zongshen learned from the mistakes of the ancestors of the former king and never made the same mistake again, so he named it "Zi Tongzhi Sword". The book began in the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC) and ended in the 6th year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 BC). In addition to the seventeenth history, there are 222 kinds of materials, including unofficial history, biographies, anthologies and records. Liu Ban, Liu Shu, Fan Zuyu and Sima Kang. Help editors, everyone is responsible for their own strengths and parts. First, organize the materials into "clusters", then compile them into "long editions", and then finalize them by Sima Guang and delete them. The content is mainly political and military, with little economic culture. It records the historical events *** 1362 from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. There is a "catalogue" for reference, which provides more systematic and complete information for historical research. Annotations mainly include Zi Yin Jian's Annotation at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yan Yan made up for the mistakes in publishing by writing "Learning from the Same Resources as a Mirror" and did some work. It recorded the epic event *** 1362 from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties. On Monroe Monroe (178-219), a native of Pi Fu (now southeast of Funan County, Anhui Province), the word Zi Ming. According to the Ministry of Sun Ce, Deng Dang took over his subordinates when he died. Starting from Sun Quan, he attacked various places and served as a corps commander in Yokono. Later, Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and others broke Cao Cao in Chibi. I didn't learn Chinese at first, but then I listened to Sun Quan's advice and read more history books and art books. Lu Su called him "knowledgeable and would not return to Wu Xia Meng." When Lu Su died, he led the army on his behalf, attacked Guan Yu, the general of Shu, and occupied Jingzhou. He died soon. About Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Meng Yue, Sun Quan and Lu Xun said ... When I was young, I was lonely and called me bold and courageous. When you grow up, you can learn more and raise a little surprise. You can be the second in Gong Jin, but you can't talk about it. Guan Yu's paintings are better than amethyst. "(Excerpted from the Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Mengchuan) About Lu Su Lu Su (172~2 17), a modern man, is about 1.8 meters tall, a Han nationality in Huaidong (now lin huai zhen, Sihong, Jiangsu), a famous politician, diplomat and strategist in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. He is not only good at running the army, but also thoughtful and insightful. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms portrays him as a honest man, but ignores his talents, which is wrong. Lu Su's father died when he was born, and he lived with his grandmother. Lu Su's family is extremely rich, but because no one in his ancestors was an official, although Lu Su's family is rich, it does not belong to the gentry class, but is only an aristocratic family with certain influence in the local area. According to the examination, Lu Su was handsome, ambitious and ingenious when he was young, and he loved fencing, riding and shooting. Lu Su is good at giving to others. Because of his rich family, he often calls teenagers together to talk about military training and martial arts. On sunny days, people go hunting in Nanshan (now known as Xuyi, Jiangsu), and on rainy days, people get together to practice martial arts. Wu Zhi Biography of the Three Kingdoms and the related text Wu Zhi Biography quoted by Pei Songzhi in Jiang Biao Biography: "Lu Su took the place of Zhou Yu, became a city and crossed Mengtun. Su Yi is still ignorant, or Su said,' General Lu's fame is becoming more and more obvious. You shouldn't treat him deliberately, but you should take care of him. I went to Yimeng. Meng drank too much and asked Sue, "You have a heavy responsibility and a close relationship with Guan Yu. "What are you going to do," Su Zao Times should say, "temporary charity." Meng said, "Although this matter is the same, Guan Yu is a tiger or a bear. Is it necessary to plan for safety? Because of the five strategies. Sue went to the table, patted him on the back and said, I don't know what you are capable of. So Paimon's mother made friends and left. When Quan said Meng, Jiang Qin said,' Your Majesty is in charge now, and you should learn to benefit others.' Meng said:' I always get into trouble in the army, but I'm afraid I can't go back to school. Quan said,' Do you want to be a doctor alone? But it's time to dabble in the past Too much talk, who is lonely? When I was a lonely teenager, I studied poetry, books, rites, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. Since the reunification, the chronicles of the three provinces (Historical Records, Hanshu and Dongguan Hanshu are three histories) and various military books all think it is of great benefit. If it is two people, you will be enlightened and you will learn. Why not do it? We should read Sun Tzu, Tamia Liu, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History urgently. Confucius said, "It's no use thinking about it if you don't eat all day and stay up all night. It is better to learn. "Light Wudang military affairs, never put down the book, Meng De also claims to be old and studious, why don't you encourage yourself to learn evil? He studied tirelessly, and what he saw was invincible by the old Confucianism. After a generation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su often wanted to be wronged. Su Daimeng said behind his back: "I am called Big Brother, but I am very sensitive to martial arts. As for today, I have knowledge and don't want to go back to Wu to Amon. Meng said, "If you don't see me for three days, you will be even more surprised." . Brother, how can you call Hou? Brother, today's generation of Gong Jin is unsustainable and close to Guan Yu. I am eager to learn. I think Zuo Zhuan is catchy, lively and heroic, but I am also quite conceited. Today and right, when there is a single complex (single complex, still strange and right, one of the ancient tactics), take Qing (Qing, when the "hometown." From Ruby) Wait. "The secret is to eliminate Chen's three strategies. Su Jing accepted and kept it a secret. Quan Chang sighed: "People are long and profitable, such as Jiang Qin, which is beyond our reach. If you are rich and respectful, you can read more books, enjoy books, value money and righteousness, and be a national scholar. Why not rest? "Wu Xia Amon Pei Songzhi quoted Biography of Jiang Biao:" Chu Quan said Meng, and Jiang Qin said,' Your Majesty should learn from yourself when you are in charge.' Gaspard monge: "In the army, I often have many tasks. I'm afraid I can't go back to school. Quan said,' Do you want to be a doctor alone? But it's time to dabble in the past Who is lonely when you talk too much? When I was a lonely teenager, I studied poetry, books, rites, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. Since the reunification, the three provincial histories and various military books have considered it of great benefit. If it is two people, you will be enlightened and you will learn. Why not do it? Read The Art of War, Six Classics, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History. "... I have been studying since I was a child, and I am tireless in my determination. What I have seen is incomparable to old Confucianism. After a generation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su often wanted to be wronged. Su Daimeng said behind his back: "I am called Big Brother, but I am very sensitive to martial arts. As for today, I am knowledgeable. I don't want to go back to Wu and go to Amon. Explanation: Wu Xia refers to Wu Dong. Amon refers to the Dongwu general Monroe. He was not knowledgeable enough, so Sun Quan advised him and Jiang Qin to read more military books and history books. Lv Meng's diligent study is of great benefit. Lu Su talked with him, but he was often refuted by Monroe. Lu Su said approvingly, You are no longer the old Wu Dong Amon. Later, he praised others as "Wu Xia Amon", which changed a lot and made obvious progress; Or the other way around. Modesty means that you have not made progress. Also known as "Amon Wu Xia". Jin Yuanmin's Reading Yu Xiong's Poems: "Wuxia Amon won't go to Japan, and the new text will fight for the knowledge of Jiuquan. Huang Qing Ren Jing's "Wen Zhi Ding Cun Mu You": "Amon Wu is still the same, and he will have many difficulties in going to church tomorrow. "Tell us the truth 1" tells us the beneficial truth through the story that Sun Quan advised Lu Meng to study, and Lu Meng made great progress after reading. 2) Don't look at others with a fixed attitude, but look at things with an open eye. 3) Don't give up studying just because things are busy. It is beneficial to persist in learning. 4) Be good at listening to other people's suggestions or opinions. 5) Tell us that as long as one dabbles extensively, one will learn something. 6) We should not only learn well, but also urge people nearby to learn and make the society progress together. 7) Don't be too proud, be modest. 8) Persuade people to pay attention to strategy. 9) You can't find an excuse to give up. 10) As long as you study hard, you will certainly accumulate and learn.
[Edit this paragraph] VII. Idioms in this article
Wu Xia Amon, scratch my face and say goodbye for three days. I'm impressed.
[Edit this paragraph] VIII. Dangtu commentary
I think it is wrong to interpret Dangtu as being in charge together in the textbook. Dangtu, like Xunyang below, is a place name, located on the eastern edge of Anhui Province. As for Zhang Shi, it is an official position, just like the familiar magistrate, county magistrate and governor. Sima Guang used Chinese characters, which were extremely refined. I won't use another word. It is said that one of the reasons for Yuan Shu's independence as emperor during the Three Kingdoms period was a prophetic saying, "People who replaced the Han Dynasty should learn from the locals." . There are four interpretations of this sentence. 1. In order to encourage Yuan Shu to stand on its own feet as emperor, Sun Jian interpreted it as expressway. "smearing false Tao means' Tao'!" Slaughter is the right way. Road is road. This explanation is obviously inconsistent here. 2. Tu Gao: The original interpretation was Wei. "The History of the Three Kingdoms": "Wei is also famous but not famous, but when painting is high, saints take classes." As an official, he obviously won't go to Wei to apply for a job, so he doesn't meet the requirements. 3. In other words, being in power and seeking things in the article makes sense at first glance, but it is not. Let's study it. It is obviously too hasty for Yuan Shu to claim the title of emperor just because he is associated with Dangtu Gao in one sentence. After all, he is also a vassal all the way, not so stupid. There must be other reasons. At that time, Yuan Shu controlled dangtu county. If that's the reason, it makes sense. If interpreted as being in power, it is obvious that Yuan Shu did not have that high power at that time. Conclusion: Because Sun Quan and Yuan Shu are both southerners and live in the same era, their words should be the same. Therefore, it is inferred that the height of Dangtu in Sun Quan's book should refer to the meaning of Dangtu county magistrate.