2. In recent years, with the strengthening of the literariness of Chinese examination papers in the college entrance examination, prose as a style has been favored by proposers more and more. Many excellent prose works with sincere feelings, rich literary color and rich flavor of the times have become the first choice for proposers. Since the National College Entrance Examination 1998, the reading of modern literature and literary works has been tested for prose for six consecutive years, and the questions have not changed much, and the difficulty has gradually decreased. However, judging from the problem-solving situation of students, the scoring rate is generally low and the results are not satisfactory. There are two reasons: first, students' requirements for the composition reading questions in the college entrance examination are not completely clear, which leads to aimless training; First, the problem-solving skills of college entrance examination composition reading, students failed to master skillfully, so that the problem-solving followed the feeling. In view of these situations, the author tries to talk about the test requirements and problem-solving skills of this kind of questions in combination with the composition reading questions in the college entrance examination in recent years.
Requirements of essay reading test in college entrance examination
In the course of "Modern Literature Reading", Chinese Examination Outline for College Entrance Examination requires students to "be able to read articles and literary works of general social science and natural science", and puts forward nine specific examination requirements such as "understanding", "analysis and synthesis" and "appreciation and evaluation". Prose reading belongs to the reading of literary works. What are its specific requirements in the college entrance examination? Please look at the questions about prose reading in the college entrance examination in recent three years.
Question 22 (omitted) of the Chinese examination paper for the college entrance examination in 2003: Item A examines students' ability to grasp the ideas of the article and analyze the structure of the article, with the ability level of C; The other four tests test students' ability to appreciate the image, language and expression of literary works, and the ability level is E.
Question 22 of the 2002 Chinese Examination Paper for College Entrance Examination: It not only examines students' ability to analyze and summarize the central meaning and main content of the article, but also examines students' ability to analyze and appreciate the image, language and expression of literary works. The ability level is E-level.
200 1 college entrance examination Chinese test paper (abbreviated title) Question 24: It not only examines students' preliminary appreciation ability for the language and expression ability of literary works, but also examines students' evaluation ability for the ideological content of the article and the author's attitude. The ability level is E.
Just observing these short reading appreciation questions, we can find that the college entrance examination questions not only examine students' comprehensive ability of understanding and analyzing articles, but also examine students' preliminary appreciation and evaluation ability. "Understanding" and "analysis and synthesis" include seven specific requirements, which are the basic ability requirements in reading. The ability level belongs to level B and level C respectively. "Appreciation and evaluation" includes two specific requirements, which require students to comment on the ideological content of a given article and appreciate its image, language and expression skills. This is a higher ability requirement developed in reading on the basis of reciting, understanding and analyzing, and the ability level belongs to E level. When students have made clear the above requirements, they should be targeted, expand prose reading and consciously improve their abilities of "understanding", "analysis and synthesis" and "appreciation and evaluation" in the usual review training.
Problem-solving skills of prose reading in college entrance examination
Prose is a style that freely and flexibly expresses what you see and feel. It expresses the author's feelings about life or nature in a very concise and cordial form. If we can grasp the characteristics of prose and think about the relevant examination requirements, we still have the skills to answer the essay reading questions.
First, the overall perception of the theme of the article.
The biggest feature of prose is "scattered in form but not in spirit". "God" refers to the theme of the article, which runs through the author's thoughts and feelings. Although the material of prose is scattered, it never leaves the school, and it must focus on the author's thoughts and feelings. Therefore, when reading prose, we should start with the whole article and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings between the lines, so as to understand the author's feelings and grasp the main idea of the article. Prose reading in college entrance examination papers has this proposition almost every year.
For example, the story that Yu Boya stopped playing the piano because he lost his bosom friend has become an eternal story, but why did the author "abruptly comfort him"? According to the context, answer briefly.
The essay "Talking about bosom friends" is the author's unique understanding of bosom friends. The author respects the noble friendship during the Boya period, but does not agree with the practice of absence and no longer playing the piano during the Boya factor period. He believes that Boya should still play that "shocking soul" and "beautiful and moving music" and "cultivate" more "bosom friends. In addition, Boya's superb acting skills are hard to come by. How could he give up easily because of the absence of the factor period? So the answer to this question is: (1) The more friends, the better. Yu Boya can't stop looking for more bosom friends just because he lost Zhong Ziqi. (2) Hard-won skills should not be given up easily, and the pursuit of art must be persistent.
Second, in-depth analysis of the ideas of the article.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Thought has a path, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph, and the author of a good article will never go anywhere." The materials of prose are organized in the works according to certain ideas, and the structure of the works is the concrete expression of their ideas. College entrance examination questions often test students' ability to grasp the ideas of works by asking questions about the structure of works. When reading prose, we should be good at capturing sentences that reflect time, space, people, events and feelings, and grasp the context of the article.
For example, 1998 college entrance examination paper, No.21Title: In the first paragraph, the author wrote that he was "surprised first, then disappointed" when he saw Hosta blossoming. (1) Why is the author surprised? (2) Why is the author disappointed?
To answer these two questions, we must combine the context and clarify the thinking of the article. Why is the author surprised to see Hosta flowers "sticking their heads out"? After this sentence, use "first" as a sign to answer it, that is, "beginning of autumn will be in a few days after this flower blooms"; As for the reason of "disappointment", the two sentences at the end of the fifth paragraph "make people feel wary" and the sixth paragraph "always in an uneasy anxiety" suggest the author's thinking. After a little induction, you can get the answer that "the harvest season is still empty-handed"
Third, carefully taste the language of prose.
The language description of prose is exquisite and profound, with rich connotations. There is an important principle in the reading proposition of college entrance examination composition, that is, to appreciate the language with abundant information, implicit content, profound meaning and strong expressive force in prose. To appreciate the language of prose, only by carefully tasting and pondering it according to the specific context of the context can we correctly understand its meaning. This is also the basis of reading prose.
For example, 200 1 Question 2 1: The author said at the beginning: "Opening and closing the door is the most meaningful action in life." Please write the meaning of "opening the door" and "closing the door" according to the context.
The essay "Door" gives the "door" symbolic meaning and writes the author's unique understanding of life. To understand the meaning of "opening the door" and "closing the door", we must read the full text, sort out the context of the article and find out the relevant information. The article says that "the closing of every door means the end", which can be directly summarized as "the meaning of closing the door means the end". As for the meaning of "opening the door", there are many related sentences, such as "it contains some unknown interest, some perception of entering a new moment and a new form of complicated rituals of human beings" and "it contains the highest happiness flash in the world, even when you are sad, opening a door may bring comfort …", but in a word, the main meaning of "opening the door" is "indicating a new beginning."
Fourth, correctly appreciate the expressive skills of prose.
Prose writing generally pays great attention to the proper use of expression techniques, such as borrowing scenery to express feelings, borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting things to express feelings, wanting to promote first, contrasting and contrasting, combining reality with reality, symbolism and rhetoric. The clever use of these techniques often makes the thoughts and feelings of the works more distinct and prominent. By appreciating these skills, college entrance examination questions can directly see through students' reading taste. Therefore, reading prose should also pay attention to appreciate the expression effect of common expression skills.
For example, in the essay (1), the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" was used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?
This question is to examine students' initial appreciation of prose expression skills. The essay "The Great Wall" is mainly written in the second person. The advantage of this writing is that it personifies the Great Wall, which is convenient for the author to talk to the Great Wall directly and express his feelings. As for the third person "it" at the end of the sixth paragraph, it is because "it" said before that "people find that the side wall is a barrier and the purple plug is no longer wonderful". Here, the perspective is changed, and the Great Wall is seen through people's eyes, instead of the author expressing his feelings directly to the Great Wall, so this transformation is natural and necessary.
Fifth, carefully sort out the answers that meet the requirements.
The reading questions of college entrance examination composition have always been subjective questions, and the questions are basically the same, but the knowledge points examined every year are slightly different. Judging from the requirements of the test questions and the questions to be answered, the difficulty is gradually decreasing. The most outstanding performance is that the answers to most questions have been taken care of, hinted at or even directly hinted at in the original text. This tells us that only by being good at extracting key sentences from the original text and integrating them appropriately according to the requirements of the topic can we write concise and accurate answers that meet the requirements.
For example, the second1title of the Chinese examination paper for the college entrance examination in 2003: The fourth paragraph of this article describes the trend of generations of Chinese descendants traveling far and wide, praising them for not forgetting their feelings of mulberry, giving generously and being closely related to the motherland. Please combine the local complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.
This topic focuses on the comprehensive analysis ability of students' prose reading, which is difficult. Students should first be able to find the definition of "local complex" from the first paragraph of the original text: "Everyone's heart ... will not dilute this feeling." The second step is to extract several intersections between overseas wanderers and local complex: one is the "time factor" of leaving hometown, the other is the "space barrier" of overseas, and the third is the "long and intimate" love for hometown. This is the second point in the answer: "Specifically, the local complex will not fade because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography)." However, to write the other two points in the answer, we must also consider the structure, theme and other aspects.
3. A wonderful and eye-catching title
A wonderful beginning, generally no more than 150 words, to the point, vivid and concise language image.
Short and powerful ending, no more than 150 words, deduction, front and back care, deepening the center.
Touching details
Good calligraphy
There is a subtle structure: head-tail coordination, transition, 5-8 natural segments.
Wow, I finally finished it! weary