Lead: What are the requirements for the format of graduation thesis? The number of words in the abstract should be appropriate, and the Chinese abstract is generally about 300 words. Chinese abstract? The font is bold No.4 and centered. The following are the format requirements of the graduation thesis I shared. Welcome to read!

1, thesis topic design

Some students take the topic printed by the teacher as the topic, which is simple and convenient. In fact, there is a difference between the title and the topic selection: the title design should be attractive, but the topic selection does not need to consider this aspect. The first impression of the title of the paper should be carefully designed. It's like a man and a woman, so it's very important to dress well and try to give each other a good first impression. The theme of a paper is very important, whether it is interesting for people to read it. Whether the topic is attractive or not affects the tutor's evaluation of students' graduation thesis to some extent.

According to a topic, after the paper is written, there are three kinds of topics:

(1) The title is the title, which is simple and convenient, but it is often unattractive.

(2) The title is too big and the content of the article is too shallow. You can change the title to make the article more relevant. Otherwise, it can only enrich the content and increase the length of the article.

Like right? Exploration of corporate culture construction in China? This paper divides the subject from the introduction and review of the concept of corporate culture to the summary of the development of corporate culture theory and practice in China into several stages, and discusses the characteristics and typical experiences of each stage, as well as a series of statistical data. The whole article has no opinion on China's corporate culture innovation. Obviously, the article doesn't match the topic, so it should be changed to? How do China enterprises establish their own culture? .

(3) After writing a paper around a topic, it is difficult to determine the topic, and then carefully determine the topic after the first draft of the article is completed. What do most students usually use? Open? 、? Analysis? 、? Exploring? 、? Preliminary research? Such a title is unattractive, and it seems that the paper is low-grade and stereotyped. I suggest using it as little as possible or not.

2. Abstract of the paper

It reflects the outline of the content, is the information material repeatedly spread in the literature retrieval database, and is a relatively independent part. Its writing should be standardized, concise and clear, and can generally express the purpose, content, method, result or conclusion of writing the paper without comments. Don't divide paragraphs, advocate omitting subjects and words in writing, don't use unknown foreign abbreviations, and use popular language. Generally, a paper of 4000 ~ 8000 words has an abstract of 100 words.

3. Keywords

Each paper (between 4000 and 8000 words) has 3-8 keywords; Generally, a paper of about 5000 words has 3-4 keywords. Keywords are generally words that appear repeatedly in the theme or main points of the paper.

4, introduction or introduction (that is, the beginning)

This part is to guide readers to understand the paper, which is very important and must attract the attention of the author.

The introduction, that is, the beginning, can be used directly (straight to the point) and indirectly (citing a case or talking about an event). Generally speaking, it is appropriate for beginners to start writing papers in a direct way. Indirect introduction is difficult to grasp and easy to deviate from the theme. If it is not done well, it will not only fail to achieve the expected effect, but will ruin the whole article. No matter which way you start, the introduction part, that is, the writing at the beginning, should include the following parts:

(1) Why did you choose this topic? What is the significance of studying this problem? Sometimes it is necessary to briefly introduce the research status of predecessors;

(2) What theories and methods are mainly used in this paper (such as investigation and research methods);

(3) Introduce each part of the paper and the main contents of each part, so that readers have an overall impression of the paper;

(4) The contribution of the paper. In other words, what inspiration can you bring to enterprises or people by writing this paper, and what lessons can you learn from it.

Step 5 write the text

The writing of text content and structure shall meet the following three requirements:

(1) The topic is focused and focused.

A paper should focus on the theme and not be scattered, because after all, the space is limited, and the theme should be written deeply and thoroughly within the limited space. Consider what should and should not be posted. For example, the first draft of a paper for the graduating class of higher vocational marketing directed by the author last year has more than 1000 words, which is magnificent. However, the paper has the following problems: it only lists all relevant cases without its own language, and the content is too complicated to highlight the main topics.

At the same time, every part and paragraph of the article should have its own emphasis, and it is not allowed to cross and repeat. Many manuscripts edited by the author have such problems: the language is verbose and the content is repeated between parts and paragraphs.

Generally speaking, don't introduce this common sense. A paper should be less general and focus on the key points of the theme. If there is a paper? On the institutional innovation of enterprise groups? Its contents include: what is an enterprise group, its function, how to set up an enterprise group and what problems to solve in practice. The focus of the topic is the innovation of enterprise group system, but it is not clear how to innovate.

(2) Integrate theory with practice.

Economics papers must integrate theory with practice, and articles using a large number of cases are more vivid and valuable. Pure theoretical economics articles are of little application value unless they are innovative theories and reference books of a certain discipline. Like a piece of paper? Strategic research of small and medium-sized enterprises? The whole article talks about the management strategy of small and medium-sized enterprises in general according to western theories, without studying the present situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Such an article has no value at all. It can only modify and enrich the status quo, and it must be a big part of this article.

(3) Smooth thinking and fluent language.

Graduation thesis is not prose, so you can't write whatever you want. The contents of each part of the paper should be logically related and not separated from each other. The basic structure of the text paper is as follows: 1. Asking questions (current situation and existing problems); The second is to analyze the problems (citing a large number of cases to analyze why these problems exist and why); The third is to solve problems (countermeasures and suggestions).

Such as a provincial project of the author? Sustainable development of county industries? Its structure is as follows: first, the conditions and existing problems of sustainable development of county industry (putting forward problems); Second, the sustainable development of county industry and the change of county industrial growth mode (the reasons for these problems are related to the extensive management of county industrial growth mode, and many cases are cited for analysis, and it is proposed that changing the growth mode is the way out to ensure the sustainable development of county industry); The third is the strategic conception of developing the sustainable development of county industry (countermeasures and suggestions). The three parts are closely related and discussed around the central topic.

6. Post-theory (end)

Dispensable, depending on the article. This part mainly puts forward the next research direction, or the enlightenment or reference that this article may bring to people. Very simple, just a few lines or sentences. Don't tremble and repeat the content in the article, otherwise it will destroy the integrity of the article. The author finds that many articles don't need an ending at all, and they repeat the content of the article with more than half a page, just to make up the number of words, which destroys the integrity of the article.

7. Reference

Reference is an important basis for judging the value of a paper. Attach the names and dates of periodicals, works, newspapers, electronic documents and other references when writing the paper, so that the writing of the paper can be standardized.

Periodical: author. Title of the article [J]. Publication name, year, volume (issue): page numbers.

Writing: the author. Title [M]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers.

Newspaper: the author. Article title [N] Newspaper name, publication date (edition).

Electronic literature: author. Article title [J/OL] or [EB/OL]. Website, date of publication or update.

In addition, when writing a graduation thesis, the serial number of the article is also standardized. For liberal arts, especially economic papers, their basic serial numbers are as follows: 1, 2, 3? (1), (2) and (3)? 1、2, 3? ( 1)、(2)、(3)? (1), (2) and (3) are written according to such basic serial numbers, and then the hierarchy will be particularly clear after the graduation thesis is written. Even if the content of the article lacks hierarchy, it is easier to modify it.

In short, to improve the quality of graduation thesis, we must do a good job in two aspects:

First, follow certain ideas of topic selection and do a good job in topic selection;

The second is to standardize paper writing as required.

Knowledge expansion: the format requirements of undergraduate graduation thesis

First, the overall format requirements of undergraduate graduation thesis

1, print settings

The graduation thesis is printed on A4 paper, and the margins are generally set as follows: 2.5cm up and down, 3cm left and right, and 23 pounds fixed line spacing; Character spacing is the default value (scale 100%, spacing: standard).

2. Font requirements

Use all fonts without special requirements for the full text? Song dynasty? .

3, punctuation marks

Pay attention to the differences between Chinese and English punctuation marks in the paper, and don't mix them.

4. Header and footer settings

Add a header to each page of graduation thesis, and press? Chapter 1 Introduction? Print the chapter number and title of the page in this form, and print it on the header of even pages? Graduation (design) thesis of XX undergraduates in XX University? , written in the center of Song Dynasty No.5; From the next page of the cover to the previous page of the text, the page numbers are arranged continuously in the footer according to Greek numerals (I and II), and from the text, the page numbers are arranged continuously in the footer according to Arabic numerals, with Song No.5 written in the middle.

The format requirements of some papers mentioned in this paper may conflict with the format requirements of full-time undergraduate papers in schools, which are the main ones, but have little to do with them.

Second, the format requirements of each part of the undergraduate graduation thesis

Undergraduate graduation thesis mainly consists of cover, Chinese and English abstracts, Chinese and English keywords, table of contents, text, thanks, references, notes, appendices and back cover, in which the table of contents of short papers can be omitted, and notes and appendices can be selected according to the situation. Let's talk about the format requirements of each part one by one.

1, cover

The cover adopts the unified cover of the Academic Affairs Office. Including the following contents: the title of the paper (bold No.2, centered); Student's name, student number, department, major, and instructor (there is no need to write the teacher's title) (each of the above items occupies one line, the middle position is aligned to the left, Song Ti No.3 is used, and the filling content is aligned to the left, and the underline is the same length).

Note: The cover page can be downloaded from the website of the Academic Affairs Office.

2. China topic

Writing format requirements: concise, clear and general, with no more than 20 words.

Font size font format requirements: No.2, bold, centered, and blank lines at the bottom.

3. English topics

Writing format requirements: the title of English paper should be concise and fully summarize the theme of the full text. Generally, the title of the paper should not exceed 15 words, and should be displayed on one line as far as possible. If a line can't be displayed, you can start a new line, or you can use the main title and subtitle. The meaning of English paper topics should be consistent with the meaning of Chinese topics.

Font size font format requirements: No.2,? Times New Rome? , bold, centered

For the case requirements of English graduation thesis topics, please refer to the article: English/English graduation thesis topic format.

4. Chinese and English abstracts

Writing format requirements: high generalization, concise language, Chinese abstract of about 300-500 words; English abstracts should correspond to Chinese abstracts.

Font size format requirements:? Abstract? The word "three" is written in bold and centered. Pick? With what? Want it? There are two spaces in the middle, and the content is in Xiaosi Song style; ? Abstract? Use number three, bold, Times New Rome? The text, written in the middle, is the content part of Primary Four? Times New Rome? Body.

5, Chinese and English keywords

Writing format requirements: choose 3~6 words that can best express the main content from the title or text of the paper as keywords.

Font size format requirements:? Key words? Three words are bold and capitalized in small four characters, the content is in small four characters, and the key words are in Chinese? ; ? Semicolon separation; ? Key words? Use a small four, bold,? Times New Rome? The text, the content part of the small four, Times New Rome? Use English between text and keywords? ; ? Separated by semicolons.

6. Contents

Writing format requirements: the title in the table of contents cannot exceed three levels, and it consists of title, dot and page number. General paper topics are automatically generated by Word document tools. For details, please refer to Automatic Generation Method and Format Requirements of Graduation Thesis Catalogue.

Font size format requirements: the title font is selected according to the principle of from heavy to light. For example, the first-level title uses No.4 bold, the second-level title uses No.4 Song, and the third-level title uses No.4 Song ... The title text is on the left and the page number is on the right, which are connected by three consecutive points. If you need to change the title, the changed title text should be indented.

7. Text

The number of words in the text of undergraduate graduation thesis should generally be more than 8000 words, which mainly includes three parts: preface, theory and conclusion. Ask questions? Analyze and solve problems? Draw a conclusion? The format requirements of the text part are as follows.

Writing format requirements:

Preface (introduction) is the first part of the paper, which mainly explains the writing purpose, practical significance, understanding of the research problems and puts forward the central argument of the paper. The preface should be concise, not too long, about 400-500 words.

This thesis is the main part of the graduation thesis, including research contents and methods, analysis theory, reasons, analysis (discussion) problems and countermeasures. This part should use various research methods and theories to summarize and analyze problems, demonstrate opinions and put forward opinions. Try to reflect your scientific research ability and academic level.

The conclusion is the conclusion part of the graduation thesis, which is a conclusion made around this theory. Its basic point is to summarize the full text and deepen the meaning of the question, about 300-400 words.

Font size format requirements:

(1) body title

All the first-class titles are used? Chapter 1 Introduction? Table, No.3 bold (not bold), centered, with a blank line at the top and bottom;

What is the second-level title? 1. 1 research background? Table, No.4 bold (not bold), top grid writing, the front line, the back line is not;

What is the third-level title? 1. 1. 1 subject source? Form, the fourth song is bold and written at the top, with no blank lines before and after;

What is the title of Level 4? What is the significance of (1) project? Form, small four song style, followed by text, no blank lines before and after.

(2) Font paragraph

All texts are in small four-song style, aligned to the left, the first line is indented by two words, and the line spacing is fixed at 23 points. All empty lines are smaller than four, and the spacing between the front and rear segments is 0.

(3) Numbers, tables and formulas

Figure: A. It is selective, concise and clear, and avoids the repetition of tables and text expressions; Terms, symbols, units, etc. The expression in the attached drawings shall be consistent with the written expression; C. The order and name of the picture are placed in the bottom center of the picture, and the number five is used for songs; D. when quoting other people's charts, be sure to indicate the source.

Table: a. The parameters in the table should be marked with symbols of quantity and unit; B. The order and name of the table are placed at the top of the table; C. The preface, name and content of the form are in Song Dynasty No.5.

Formula: a. Numbers are enclosed in brackets and written at the end of the right line with no dotted line in the middle; B the default font and font size can be used for English letters and numbers in the formula.

There should be line spacing between charts, tables and words, and there is no need for blank lines between formulas and words; The figures, tables, notes and formulas in this paper are numbered with Arabic numerals in the chapters. Such as: Figure 2-5, Table 3-2, Formula (5- 1) (? Formula? Do not write two words) and so on. If there are any notes in the figure or table, they should be numbered in English lowercase alphabetical order.

8. thank you

In short, we should express our gratitude to those who have helped directly in the writing of topics and papers (such as instructors, defense and review teachers, laboratory managers, classmates, etc.). This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others, and it is the ideological style and moral character that scholars should have. Within 200 words.

9. Reference

Start a new page? Reference materials? The four words are in bold type No.3 in the center, with a blank line, and the content is Song Ti No.5. It is required to list the officially published literature materials directly read and quoted by the author in the article to show respect for the author of the literature. There is a general custom of marking references in the world, and there are also national standards in China, so we can't make them up. In this paper, the standards for marking references should be unified and should not be mixed. In addition, references should be listed after the conclusion of the paper.

When explaining the source of literature, the writing format is:

① Scientific books and monographs: main authors. Book title. Version (first edition not recorded). Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication. The page number of the quoted content, etc.

Such as: Chen Riyao. Principle of metal cutting. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 1985.33-36.

② Scientific papers: main authors. Title of the paper. Publication name, year, volume (issue): the page number of the paper in the publication, etc.

Such as Pang and Liu. Study on laser processing technology and mechanism of high performance composite materials. Journal of Ordnance, 1992 (4): 84-9 1.

(3) For unpublished documents, generally, they should not be cited. If it is really necessary to quote, the author's consent shall be obtained and noted? Unpublished,? Documents? 、? Did you submit it? And so on. Should I also indicate my dissertation? Degree thesis? And degree-granting units.

For the format of reference labeling, please refer to the article: Reference Labeling.

10, remarks

? Comments? The two words are No.3, bold, written in the top box, and there is a line below, which is Song No.5.. Annotation is a further explanation or necessary supplementary explanation of a specific content in the paper, and footnotes are always used instead of endnotes; When notes are needed somewhere in the text of the paper, add Arabic numerals in the circle and write them in the upper right corner of the corresponding text to show that notes are needed.

1 1, appendix

It can include lengthy formula derivation that is inconvenient to list in the text, auxiliary mathematical tools or tables that need to be easily read by others, repeated data charts, calculation programs and instructions, etc. ? Appendix? No.3 is capitalized in bold, and the content is No.5 Song Style.

12, rear cover

The front cover adopts the unified back cover of the Academic Affairs Office and is bound in sequence.

13, main symbol list

If a large number of physical quantity symbols, signs, abbreviations, special units of measurement, user-defined nouns and terms are used in the paper, a summary table of comments should be compiled. If the above symbols and abbreviations are not widely used, they can be explained when they appear in the paper, and there is no need to set up a special collection table.

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