1. Mechanism analysis: According to the understanding of the characteristics of objective things, the model is derived from the basic physical laws and the structural data of the system.

Second, data analysis method: through the statistical analysis of the measured data, find out the model that best conforms to the data.

Third, methods such as simulation.

1. computer simulation: it is essentially a statistical estimation method, which is equivalent to sampling inspection. Include discrete system simulation and continuous system simulation.

2. Factor test method: the system is tested locally, and then the required model structure is obtained through continuous analysis and modification according to the test results.

3. Artificial reality method: Based on the understanding of the past behavior and future expected goals of the system, and considering the possible changes of related factors of the system, a system is artificially formed.

Steps of mathematical modeling:

1. model preparation: understand the actual background of the problem, define the modeling purpose, collect all kinds of necessary information, and try to understand the characteristics of the object.

2. Model hypothesis: According to the characteristics of the object and the purpose of modeling, simplify the problem reasonably and make assumptions with accurate language.

Third, the model composition: according to the assumptions made, analyze the causal relationship of the object, and use the internal laws of the object and appropriate mathematical tools to construct the equation relationship between various quantities or other mathematical structures.

4. Model solution: various traditional and modern mathematical methods such as solving equations, drawing, proving theorems, logical operations and numerical operations can be used to solve the model.

5. Model analysis: mathematical analysis of model solution.