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Pythagoras (570-490 BC), born in Samos Island, was an ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher. At the age of nine, he was sent to Tyre by his father, where he came into contact with eastern religions and cultures. In 55 1 BC, he came to Miletus, Delos and other places, visited Thales, anaximander and Phil Kudes, and became their students.

In 520 BC, he moved to Sicily and settled in Crotone, and established religious, political and academic groups. He died in 490 BC at the age of 80. Pythagoras was the first person to pay attention to "number". He discovered Pythagorean theorem and proved the number of regular polyhedrons. He insisted that mathematical argumentation must proceed from "hypothesis" and created deductive logic thought, which had a great influence on the development of mathematics.

Pythagoras was born in Samos Island in the eastern Aegean Sea. He has been smart and studious since childhood. He studied geometry, natural science and philosophy under the guidance of famous teachers. He believes that "everything is number", "number is the essence of everything" and "the principle of existence", and the whole universe is a harmonious system of numbers and their relationships. In this sense, he understood number as the form and image of natural objects, and it was the total root of all things.

Because of numbers, geometry has a point. With points, there are lines, surfaces and solids. With three dimensions, there are four elements that make up everything: fire, air, water and earth, so number comes before things. All phenomena and laws in nature are determined by numbers, and they all obey the "harmony of numbers", that is, obey the relationship of numbers.

Pythagoras abstracted the number "five" from five apples, five fingers and other things. This is a common thing today, but it was a great progress in philosophy and practical mathematics at that time. In practical mathematics, it makes arithmetic possible.

Philosophically, this discovery makes people believe that numbers are the foundation of the material world. Pythagoras lived in Egypt and then wandered around, probably to India. In his travel life, influenced by the local culture, he learned many mysterious religious ceremonies and became familiar with their relationship with the knowledge of numbers and geometric rules.