In military exercises, blank ammunition is used, that is, bullets without warheads, but this blank ammunition is still lethal within 5 meters, which can cause death. As far as the exercise is concerned, it is impossible for the red and blue doubles to shoot each other within 5 meters, so it will not hurt people. In some important military exercises, the attacker will shoot with live ammunition, but the impact point and attack route of this kind of live ammunition are stipulated in advance. The attacker will never go into the impact zone by mistake. There are usually few accidents. The purpose of live-fire shooting is to create an atmosphere and environment for actual combat and truly experience actual combat. The same is true of artillery attack and fire coverage. There is absolutely no one in the real impact area of live ammunition shooting, and the airport is also simulated. If live ammunition attack is needed, all personnel should be evacuated within the specified time.

How to decide the outcome is this: in military exercises, the director who organizes the exercises also shoulders an important function, which is to decide the outcome. In order to make the exercise close to actual combat, the evaluation method must be scientific and reasonable. In modern military exercises, judgments are mainly made by qualitative and quantitative methods.

Qualitative analysis is generally used to make a macro evaluation of the tactical ideas and means of the red and blue sides (both sides of the exercise are composed of the red and blue sides). And when judging the outcome of a confrontation. In order to truly simulate the combat effectiveness and losses of troops on the battlefield, the director department must use mathematical methods to make quantitative analysis. For example, in a military exercise, an 85th artillery company of the Red Army attacked a blue tank position 1000 meters away. The director will use mathematical methods to make a ruling: the Red Army's firepower is 6 85 guns, and the firing time is 5 minutes. According to the calculation of 4 rounds per minute for each gun, the whole company fired 72 rounds. According to the hit rate and damage rate of < < anti-tank guns, the direct hit rate of 1000m is 56% and the damage rate is 33%. According to the formula of "number of projectiles from direct guns * direct rate * direct damage rate = number of targets destroyed", it is concluded that the Red Army * * destroyed 14 blue tanks. In this way, the director department can make a concrete judgment on the red and blue double reaction: after the red army shelled, the blue army defensive position 14 tank was "destroyed" and withdrew from the exercise. Blue army soldiers declared "death"

However, this single weapon power calculation cannot simulate the ever-changing modern battlefield, so it is impossible to judge the situation in the confrontation exercise so simply. In the case of complex arms and weapons, the director department judged this.

For example, in an exercise, the Red Army detachment attacked the highland of the Blue Army, so can the Red Army capture the highland? The director department first analyzed and calculated the firepower of both sides: Red Army assault rifle [firepower index 1}2 1, mixed machine gun {firepower index 3}3, 40 rocket launcher {firepower index 9]3, 59 medium tank {firepower index 34}2, 82 recoilless gun {firepower index 10. The garrison troops of the Blue Army are six assault rifles [firepower index 1}, six squad machine guns {firepower index 3} 1, 40 rocket launchers {firepower index 9} 1, infantry fighting vehicles {firepower index 28} 1, and anti-tank missiles {firepower index 30} 6544. Blue army firepower index is 77. The Red Army is the winner. Attacks on airports and other fixed buildings are also based on the number of shells fired, the types and quantities of guns owned by the company, the guns of soldiers involved in the attack and the comprehensive index. After obtaining the data, the director department will announce the results.

In actual combat, firepower is only one factor that affects the outcome, and the director department must consider the comprehensive factors of the battlefield. We can draw a conclusion that the Red Army's combat effectiveness = firepower index 148* tactical level policy 1.3* tactical attack 1= 192.4. Blue army combat effectiveness = firepower index 77* tactical defensive nature 2.5* hills 1. 1* defensive preparation time 65448. The tactical level is 0.7= 148.225. Therefore, the director department can make a judgment that the comprehensive index of the Red Army's combat effectiveness is greater than that of the Blue Army, and the Red Army can capture the highlands. The blue army failed in defense and withdrew from the exercise. The "dead" or "captured" personnel of the Blue Army soldiers guarding the highlands are also judged by the director department according to the statistics.

Of course, the actual situation of the exercise is more complicated. The above is just a simple example. To truly judge the victory or defeat, we should not only calculate according to some tactics, but also consider the results of previous actual operations and the experience of the director department.