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Arithmetic; Acknowledge validity. See "Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi Lu Ji Biography": "Great achievements, profound knowledge, ephemeris calculation. Read everything. "

Arithmetic is the oldest, most basic and primitive part of mathematics. It studies the properties of numbers and their operations. The word "arithmetic" is the general term for all mathematics in ancient China. As for the names of many branches of mathematics, such as geometry and algebra, they came into being very late. Foreign language books that systematically collate predecessors' mathematical knowledge were first written by Euclid of Greece. There are fifteen volumes in The Elements of Geometry, and the last two volumes are supplemented by people. Most of the books belong to geometry knowledge. The seventh, eighth and ninth volumes discuss the properties and operations of numbers, which belong to arithmetic. Now the Latin word "arithmetic" comes from the Greek word "number and number (phonology, sh? The technology of number three has changed. The ancient meaning of the word "suan" in China also means "number", which means bamboo pieces used for calculation. In ancient China, all complicated numerical calculations used calculation. So "arithmetic" includes all the mathematical knowledge and calculation skills at that time. The earliest handed down Nine Chapters Arithmetic, the lost Xu Shang Arithmetic and Du Zhong Arithmetic are all discussing the solutions to various practical mathematical problems.