Applying for a Ph.D. in mathematics usually requires a solid mathematical foundation, including advanced mathematics, real variable function, complex variable function, topology, algebra, calculus and other knowledge. In addition, the doctoral program in mathematics is divided into pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and other different directions, and applicants need to understand the learning contents and requirements in different directions.

"Management science" usually refers to "management science", which is a comprehensive subject field covering management science, decision science and other disciplines, and mainly studies the theories and methods of modern organization management, operation and decision-making.