Blind girls can "read" music because Braille was invented by Braille. However, the invention of Braille is based on the efforts of predecessors. From the following, we can see that the invention of Braille is the so-called "transplantation method" in invention science: anything that inspires and draws lessons from one's own invention may as well be taken, reformed and innovated to become a new invention.
In the18th century, the Frenchman Arnie put forward the idea that blind people could "read" books. After repeated experiments, Arnie found that if letters were made more prominent than books, blind people could "read" them by hand. 1786, with the help of a publisher, Ani published the first blind document printed in micro-relief.
Shortly after Anne invented Braille, Mr. Valentine, the founder of a school for blind children in Paris, came up with a way to cut letters from thick cloth or cardboard and paste them on paper to make blind documents. Although this kind of book is easier to read than Arnie's, it is too heavy. One page of the book is as big as a table, which is laborious and inconvenient to read.
The blind children in Valentin School for the Blind have been "reading" this huge and bulky document for the blind for many years. Later, one of them named Braille thought of transforming it and inventing a new document for the blind.
Braille1809 65438+/KLOC-0 was born in Coupe near Paris, France on October 4th. His father is a shoemaker who makes saddles. At the age of 3, little Braille was blinded by an awl because of careless play, and soon the other eye was blinded by infection. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, Braille was sent to the Valentin School for the Blind in Paris. Since then, he has formed an indissoluble bond with Braille. After he 17 graduated, he was left to teach at school. Braille can't forget the hardships of learning Braille and is determined to create a kind of writing for the blind.
One day, Braille and a friend were having dinner in a restaurant. During the dinner, this friend leafed through the newly published newspaper and found the news that Captain Barbier had invented the "night code". He immediately read the news to Braille excitedly.
Originally, Barbier was ordered to perform a task at night. When they reached a place not far from the enemy position, the boss sent an urgent order. Unable to make a fire, Barbier had to watch and guess by the faint starlight to understand the contents of the order, and there was no delay in the end. Barbier was deeply moved by this experience. Later, he invented a kind of "night code", that is, some symbols such as raised dots were used instead of letters, and then they were used for spelling. The recipient recognizes the "night code" by touching his finger in the dark and understands its content.
Barbier's "night code" gave Braille great inspiration: Isn't this "night code" a kind of "night text" that doesn't need to be read with eyes? Can we make Braille in a similar way? Accompanied by his friends, he rushed to Barbier's home for advice, which was fruitful. After returning to school, Braille made an in-depth study of the captain's design and began to create new works on the basis of his invention. After numerous permutations and experiments, he finally created Braille for the blind at the age of 20 in 1829.
Braille has no strokes at all, only ideas protruding from the original paper. Its method is to use the combination of three vertical and two horizontal points to represent French letters and punctuation marks. The principle of this method is the same as Barbier's "night code", but the explanation speed is faster.
Braille happily recommended his "Braille" to the school and suggested using this new Braille to teach blind children. But because Braille was not perfect at that time, it was opposed by many people. After five years of research, Braille made some modifications and supplements on the original basis. In order to enable blind people to learn math and music like normal people, Braille also invented braille math and music scores. However, in a public performance, Braille failed because of nervousness, and his Braille was rejected again. Braille had to do a secret experiment at school without telling the headmaster.
It was not until his student "Blind Girl" performed successfully that Braille attracted the attention of the society. On the second day of the girl's performance, several newspapers in Paris published reports about Braille and his Braille. When the girl came to Braille's house excitedly with a newspaper, her teacher was dying. A few days later, Braille, 43, died. When he died, there was a happy smile on his face, because he finally learned that his hard work for blind compatriots for more than 20 years had paid off.
1854, on the second anniversary of Braille's death, France announced that Braille invented by Braille would be the standard Braille, and it was named Braille after him. 1879, at the international meeting of representatives of teachers for the blind held in Berlin, it was decided that all schools for the blind in the world should adopt the braille method and arrange their own braille for teaching. 1895, in order to commemorate this great inventor, people took Braille as the international common name of the world. So far, Braille has been called Braille-Braille internationally.