Academic. Academic papers are the carrier of scientific research achievements and the serious expression of the author's scientific research achievements in a certain scientific field, which is systematic and professional.
The so-called learning refers to specialized and systematic learning. The main difference between academic papers and general papers is academic. Generally, a paper can be emotional and unsystematic, and only talk about the feelings and experiences of a certain point.
Say experience; Academic papers are not general experience, and must have a certain theoretical depth, so the author is required to have a profound theoretical foundation in his major and a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, not just its history.
History, but also to grasp its academic trends, grasp its main direction, and solve academically valuable problems.
Scientific. Reveal the essence of the things or problems studied and expound the objective laws. Generally, a paper only needs to take up part of the materials, and you can discuss it more freely by choosing arguments that can prove your point of view; And academic theory
Literature must have certain theoretical value, reveal the essence of things and reflect objective laws. This requires the author to have a realistic attitude, to possess a lot of materials in detail, to adopt scientific research methods, to discover the inherent essence and laws, and to express them accurately.
Creativity. The theoretical viewpoint in academic papers is the author's unique theory or viewpoint. The innovations of academic papers are as follows: new topics, new research methods, new perspectives and new achievements. The author can
Standing at the forefront of a certain subject, grasping the appropriate research object with foresight, sensitively discovering the problems that need to be solved, conducting in-depth research and achieving breakthrough results, and putting forward unique theories or viewpoints.
More creative progress has been made in theory and practice than before.
The significance of scientific research lies in discovery and innovation. Research without discovery and innovation, or repeated research, will inevitably lead to waste of time, energy and financial resources. Academic papers can write their own new discoveries, new creations and new ideas.
Understand, can make a breakthrough in the academic, even fill a gap, of course, is very ideal. However, for ordinary researchers, this is not an easy task. The main task of primary and secondary school teachers is to teach and educate people. we
We can't use too high standards to demand the academic frontier level of their papers. As long as their papers are of theoretical or practical significance and innovative, they should be affirmed. The so-called innovation is the research results of predecessors, or right.
The conclusions made by others, supplemented and corrected realistically, justified or denied, can be justified, and can also be regarded as a family statement; As long as the topic has a new angle and new discoveries in materials,
New progress has been made in argumentation, new breakthroughs have been made in viewpoints, or people's understanding has been improved, which can also be said to be creative to some extent.
Question 2: What is the content of scientific research paper? As far as the format of scientific research papers is concerned, the first part should be the overall conception of the research, including the purpose of the research, the literature and research background of previous studies, the significance of the research, the planning and application of the research, etc. The so-called running account is actually that the teacher asks you to explain the ideas of the research process clearly. In the second part and beyond, we will enter into substantive research. If we study historical celebrities, we can analyze their contributions or achievements, why they made such judgments, what are the reasons, and draw conclusions. You can make an outline first, and then collect reading literature. If you watch too much, you will make your own judgment. Recording these judgments in an orderly way is a scientific research paper.
format
First, the opening report: 1. The meaning of the topic II. Literature review at home and abroad. Writing framework: {syllogism: 1 topic; 2 reasons; ③ Countermeasures, suggestions and measures} 4. Text: ① Title: {No more than 20 Chinese characters, followed by subtitle}-Subtitle: {(Take … as an example) or (According to * * * statistics …)} ② Author: {1 ~ 3 Author is appropriate} ③ Author: {can be used as an article), within 200 words} ⑤ Keywords. Separated by semicolons} ⑤ English translation: {1234 translation ⑤ Text: {The structure should be rigorous, the expression should be concise, the semantics should be precise, the arguments should be clear, the arguments should be sufficient, the quotations should be standardized, the data should be accurate, and there should not be too many levels. The serial number of the level is: 1. Essay: [c]; Newspaper article: [n]; Journal articles: [J]; Dissertation: [d]; Report: [r]; Standard: [s]; Special issue: [p]; Statistical Yearbook: [z]} A paper format: manager, title [document type identification], editor, collection name, publishing place: publishing house, publication year, article format of B periodical: principal, title [document type identification], publication name, year, volume (period), article format of C newspaper: principal, title [9]
Second, the paper level: 1. General publications: {provincial and national} 2. Core publications: {provincial and national} SCI {[ science citation index ]} SSCI {[ social science citation index ]} CSSCI {[ Chinese social science citation information]} ei {[ engineering index] ([English index] or (English abbreviation)} Note: {used to explain or explain a specific content in the text, its serial number is. ...
Question 3: How to distinguish teaching and research papers from scientific research papers? Teaching and research papers refer to articles about doing (thinking) which are of universal significance and can be used for reference or worthy of popularization around a certain point in subject teaching. It can be a summary of one's own experience or a refinement of other teachers' practices. It is more a collection of the experiences of many teachers, including myself, and has the characteristics of combining theory with practice and unifying sensibility and rationality. Compared with purely theoretical educational papers, the writing of teaching and research papers is relatively easy. However, it is not easy to write high-value papers.
Academic papers are articles used to conduct scientific research and describe scientific research achievements, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research achievements for academic exchange. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, etc. , collectively referred to as academic papers. Scientific research papers are one of them.
Question 4: How to write a scientific research paper [1] paper 1. The main characteristics of the paper The biggest difference between the paper and the research report is that the research report highlights the research process, while the paper focuses on the conclusions and theories of the research. The most important thing in this paper is to have a distinct viewpoint and theoretical system. A large number of factual arguments and theoretical arguments obtained by the author through his own research. Through careful reasoning, prove the correctness and practical value of your own conclusions and opinions. 2. The structure of the paper. Topic 2. Author 3. Summary 4. Introduction. This theory 6. Conclusion 7. References 3. Matters needing attention in paper writing The title of the paper is the general outline of the article and must reflect the center of the article. The title of the paper should be concise, easy to understand and attract readers. This paper introduces the main contents of the article to readers in short language, mainly the research process, methods and achievements. The abstract of a longer paper can save readers time and let them choose whether to continue reading. If the paper is not long, this part can also be omitted. Introduction is the introduction of the paper, which introduces the background, purpose and significance of the subject to readers, and puts forward some opinions, which leads to the following. This theory is the part where the author shows his research process and results to readers. The author demonstrates through a large number of facts and theories, and through effective organization of materials; My own views and research results. Part of this theory should be clear and logical, and the reasons should be strict. Language must be accurate and popular, try to use concise language, and use appropriate terms accurately and appropriately. Generally speaking, the essay does not use metaphor, personification, exaggeration and other modification methods, and does not use assumed description. The conclusion is a high generalization and summary of the previous article. The conclusion should be clear and echo the previous article. References refer to articles or works cited in the research process. On the one hand, listing references is a respect for other people's labor achievements, on the other hand, it also provides convenience for readers to verify and study in depth. The references listed in middle school students' papers are also a proof of the research process. (II) Comprehensive research report The comprehensive research report is applicable to topics that have adopted various research methods or means in the research process. 1. The characteristics of the comprehensive research report Compared with the paper, the comprehensive research report can show the research process well. At the same time, it is also different from scientific research reports and investigation reports. It is not as distinctive as the latter, so it reflects the comprehensiveness and generality of the report, with the focus on introducing the research process. 2. Structure of comprehensive research report ① Topic selection ② Author ③ Origin of topic selection ④ Purpose and significance of topic selection ⑧ Division of labor ⑧ Methods and steps ⑨ Research results ⑨ Conclusion ⑩ Opinions or suggestions to superiors ⑩ References 3. Matters needing attention in writing a comprehensive research report Compared with papers, the comprehensive research report is characterized by comprehensively reflecting the elements of the subject, especially the research process and results. Because the report emphasizes the process, the process and the result are the focus of this kind of report. (3) Scientific research reports This kind of report is applicable to research topics by means of scientific experiments. 1. The characteristics of scientific research reports have distinct personalities and are mainly suitable for scientific experimental research. It not only embodies the research process, but also embodies its scientificity and thoroughness. Its emphasis should be reflected in scientific principles, completeness and thoroughness of processes, accuracy of data and correctness of conclusions. 2. Structure of scientific research report ① Project name ② Project leader and members of research group ② Project origin ④ Project purpose and significance ⑧ Project division ⑧ Experimental methods, steps ⑧ Experimental principles and expected results ⑧ Experimental equipment and articles ⑨ Experimental process ⑩ Experimental results ⑩ Discussion ⑩ Conclusion ⑩ Reference 3. Matters needing attention in writing scientific research reports. Such reports not only emphasize the research process, but also emphasize in particular. The data in the report must be comprehensive and accurate, must respect the objective facts, reflect the original appearance of the experiment, and cannot be exaggerated and fabricated.
Question 5: What is the difference between a review and a scientific research paper? The main difference between a review and a research paper is that the data of the review comes from literature, while the data of a research paper comes from researchers.
Question 6: What is a scientific research paper? What are its characteristics and types? What parts does its structure consist of? Titles are also called titles or titles. A title is a logical combination that reflects the most important specific content in a short passage with the most appropriate and concise words.
The title of a paper is the first important information related to the scope and level of the paper. At the same time, it is necessary to compile secondary documents such as titles and indexes, taking into account the specific practical information that can help select keywords and provide retrieval. The topic of the paper is very important and must be carefully chosen. Some people use the following sentence to describe its importance: "The title of the paper is half of the article". The requirements for the title of the thesis are: accurate and appropriate; Short and pithy; Proper extension and connotation; Eye-catching
(2) Author's name and organization (Authoranddepartment)
This item belongs to the problem of paper signature. The first is to show the responsibility of writing, the second is to record the results of labor, and the third is to facilitate readers to contact the author and literature retrieval (author index). It can be roughly divided into two situations, single-author papers and multi-author papers. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. It is important to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and list those who have made the greatest contribution to research work and thesis writing as the first and second authors, and so on. It is also convenient for readers to contact the author by indicating the author's unit.
(3) Abstract
Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or comments. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The abstract shall include the following contents:
① The purpose and significance of this study;
(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;
(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper; ④ The significance of the conclusion or result.
Keywords (keywords)
Keywords belong to a category of subject words. Subject words include not only keywords, but also narrative words of unit words and title words.
Keyword is a new vocabulary of information retrieval language, which is used to describe the theme of literature and give information retrieval. It is precisely because of its appearance and development that it is possible to computerize information retrieval (computer retrieval). Keywords refer to words or phrases that distinguish things by the characteristic relationship of concepts, express in natural language, have collocation function and accurately express the dynamic semantic conceptual relationship between words.
Question 7: What's the difference between scientific research papers and experimental reports? Correspondents generally refer to the person in charge of the whole project, who is responsible for the funding, design and writing of articles. He is also a contact person for articles and research materials. Most importantly, he is responsible for the reliability of the article. The advantage of a correspondent is that he can establish wider contacts with the outside world. Some magazines will invite you to apply for a manuscript and write a summary. These will greatly improve your position in the scientific community. The first author is generally the researcher who has made the greatest contribution to this work. This author not only has the most important charts (that is, physical contributions), but also is the author of the first draft of the article (that is, the contribution of intelligence to this article). From the perspective of intellectual property rights, the research results can be regarded as those of the communication author. As for which one you want, as an experienced person, I suggest you ask the teacher which one you want. Under normal circumstances, teachers will want to communicate with the author, because this is the real boss.
Question 8: What's the difference between academic papers and scientific papers? Academic papers refer to the new scientific research achievements or new opinions of an academic subject in experiments, theories or predictions, or scientific papers that have made new progress by applying some principles to provide articles read at academic conferences or published in academic journals.
A scientific paper is a summary article that scientific researchers or other researchers conduct scientific analysis and comprehensive research on natural science, technology and various humanities and arts on the basis of scientific experiments.
Question 9: There is no limit to the topic writing of scientific research papers. From accumulating information, determining topics, putting forward opinions, choosing arguments to arranging text structure, it should vary from person to person, from time to place and from topic to topic. Based on the author's years of teaching and writing practice, this paper analyzes some excellent and popular papers and some unsatisfactory manuscripts. From the success and shortcomings, I realized that writing teaching and research papers still has some characteristics to follow, and gradually summed up the following points. In line with the purpose of learning from each other and improving together, we will discuss with our peers.
First, write half the article.
Generally speaking, it is more difficult to raise a topic than to solve one. It is not only feasible but also necessary to add some words to a given topic, with less "serious" faces and more "lively" atmosphere, because a readable article is bound to attract more readers and thus produce greater social benefits. Judging from the title of the article, the current publications are full of "Examples …", "Popularization of a topic", "Talking about the teaching of …", "Discussion about …", "From a survey (practice)" and "Talking about …", which gives people a dull feeling and should be paid attention to in this respect. Needless to say, when I first started writing teaching and research papers, I really felt that my writing ability was a little poor, but the main reason was not my weak foundation but my lack of exercise, that is, I didn't do it.
Second, the source of the topic
Everything must be studied to understand that as a teacher, education and teaching research is the most important research, and the quantity and quality of published papers are considered as an extremely important indicator to measure teachers' teaching level and creativity. So, where do good topics come from? In recent years, the author feels that the topic can come from the following four aspects.
1, from teaching practice.
This is because, through practice, it is possible to make the knowledge, experience, ideas and methods that were originally in a free state naturally gather around a certain center, thus giving birth to a certain topic, many of which are rooted in and crystallized from teaching practice. In fact, as a front-line teacher, there are many topics to write, such as what are students thinking? What are the peers thinking? What are you studying today? Bing Xin, a famous female writer, warned people: "Don't write anything but experience", which is really a wise saying. Teaching and scientific research topics can be brewed, formed and selected on the basis of practice.
2. Think hard.
There are many ancient study guides in China. Cheng T, a great scholar in Song Dynasty, said, "The way of learning must be based on thinking. You can have it if you think. You can't do it without thinking. You should always pay attention to the problems around you and be aware of them. If you can find the intuition of the problem and think in the discovery, then you won't worry about no topic.
3. Information from the outside world
Whether the phrase "time is money and information is capital" is in line with the present situation is another matter. However, for teaching researchers, information is indeed an important resource and a fertile ground for generating topics. In any research, we must capture new ideas, new trends and new viewpoints from all sides, because only when new information is input into the human brain will there be conflicts between old and new knowledge, which will stimulate creative thinking activities and thus construct a good subject. People who are interested in research should open the network of collecting information like spiders and process the collected information in time like bees. Two sources of information-reading magazines (or surfing the Internet) and participating in academic exchanges-screen useful ingredients.
4, from a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility.
Research work is a kind of creative labor, and the paper is the embodiment of the author's comprehensive ability, such as morality, talent, knowledge, knowledge, language literacy, writing skills and so on. Everywhere is a place of creation, and every day is a day of creation. Everyone is a creative person, so it takes time and energy. With a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, in a beneficial pursuit, the topic will be obtained inadvertently.
Third, think twice before writing.
After the topic is decided, you have to think it over before you can start writing. How can I ask you to think carefully? You should pay attention to your pen and think twice before you act.
Thinking 1: Is the theme clear?
Having a topic does not mean that the topic is clear. You can write several different articles on the same topic from different angles, different levels and different ways. For example, as far as the study of a specific mathematical problem is concerned, we can discuss a variety of solutions, such as writing an undiscovered solution, simplifying others' solutions, studying its extension and change, discussing its popularization, and explaining its application and connection with practice. Similarly, for different objects, the same theme is written in different ways. So, write it down ... >>