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A logical error that violates the law of identity.
According to the requirements of the law of identity, there are two kinds of logical errors that violate the law of identity:

Confuse or change concepts, change the subject or change the subject.

1, confusing concepts or stealing concepts?

In the same thinking process, if you don't use a concept in the original sense, but mix different concepts into one concept or change the meaning of the same concept, and don't keep the definition and identity of concept connotation and extension, you will make a logical mistake of "confusing concepts" or "stealing concepts"

(1) Confuse concepts

Conceptual confusion means that in the same thinking process, due to unclear understanding or lack of logical cultivation, different concepts are inadvertently regarded as the same concept, resulting in conceptual confusion.

(2) the concept of stealing

Stealing concepts refers to deliberately violating the requirements of identity in order to achieve a certain goal, and using different concepts as the same concept in the same thinking process. There are several ways to steal concepts.

1. Change the connotation and extension of a concept at will to make it another concept.

2. Confuse two specious concepts.

3. Replace the set concept with the non-set concept, and vice versa. .

4. The confusion caused by using polysemous words.

2, change the subject or change the subject.

In the same thinking process, if you use some judgment instead of the original meaning, or change the discussion object or discussion center in the middle of argument, you will make the mistake of "changing the topic" or "stealing the topic".

(1) Change the subject

Changing the subject, also called digression or digression, means that in the same thinking process, we unconsciously violate the law of identity, change the content of the original judgment, and make the discussion leave the topic.

(2) Change the subject

Changing the topic means that in the same thinking process, in order to achieve a certain fl, one topic is deliberately replaced by another topic, and this topic is regarded as the original topic, which is the usual trick of sophists.

Extended data:

Any subject will be defined by the most basic rules or common sense, such as Pythagorean theorem in mathematics, law of inertia in physics, four hypotheses in accounting and so on. Logic also has its own basic facts.

Logic has four basic laws: identity, law of excluded middle, sufficient reason and contradiction.

In the vernacular, identity means that a thing can only be itself, but nothing else. For example, an apple is an apple, not a pear or a banana.

From this perspective, these two propositions are just the opposite. Then, whether these two opposing propositions mean the contradiction of culture itself, thus canceling the significance of cultural existence, obviously not.

From the perspective of intellectual logic, these two propositions have their own meanings and are both valid.

Because the basic logical principle in intellectual thinking is the law of identity or contradiction. In other words, two opposite propositions cannot be true at the same time. That is, when we say "culture is the essence of people", we mean "people are not the essence of culture"; On the contrary, when we say "man is the essence of culture", it means "culture is not the essence of man".

Intellectual thinking adheres to the opposite of these two propositions. But in the view of speculative thinking, the contradiction caused by these two propositions happens to be the real relationship of people and culture. The reason is that for transcendental people or cultures, the two can only be two sides of the same thing.

Baidu encyclopedia-homology

People's Network —— Transcendental Basis of Cultural Existentialism and Its Speculative Logic