The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly points out that the content of education should be close to children's life and choose things and problems that children are interested in, which is helpful to expand children's experience and vision; The organization of children's mathematical game activities should consider children's learning characteristics and cognitive rules, and integrate education into life and games. It is the direction that parents and teachers should work hard to explore and design life-oriented and game-oriented mathematics activities, build an autonomous and happy learning model, and promote the development of children's ability and personality.
(1) Study the spatial form and quantitative relationship of the real world.
Mathematics originated from production practice, started at the same time as human civilization, and developed with the development of production practice and science and technology, so it is widely used. Almost all human life practices (food, clothing, housing and transportation) are inseparable from mathematics. The simplest example, such as how many hands a child has and how many children there are in the class, should be expressed by quantity. Mathematics is also widely used in music, science and technology, industrial production and other fields. Even all creatures in nature, such as flowers, the sun, snails and birds, can be represented by a combination of geometric figures.
Children live in the social and material world, and all kinds of objects in the surrounding environment show a certain number, shape and size, and exist in a certain spatial form. Therefore, children will inevitably deal with mathematics from the day they are born. Mathematics education in kindergarten is to enlighten children in mathematics, teach them to know the quantitative relationship between things around them, initially understand the concepts of quantity, shape, time and space, and learn simple calculation, so as to cultivate children's interest and ability in mathematics, promote their intellectual development, make them better understand objective things, communicate with people, and solve various related problems encountered in life.
(2) Math games are the main way of activities in childhood.
Games are the main activity in childhood and a powerful means of mathematics education. Children gain superficial knowledge and life experience through games. Various games promote children's intellectual development and cultivate children's sensory perception, thinking imagination, memory and operation ability. Children cannot live without games. Games are as important to children as work and labor are to adults. Games are the most suitable activities for children's physical and mental development. It can give children happiness and get education from it. Therefore, games are a unique and powerful educational means for children. On the other hand, due to the abstraction of mathematics knowledge, it is easy to cause difficulties for children to learn. If the teaching methods are improper, it will make children feel boring and boring about mathematics. However, if we rely on children's favorite games in mathematics education, let children play middle school and entertain and entertain, it will improve children's enthusiasm for learning mathematics, let children learn easily, naturally and interestingly in a happy mood, and achieve the best educational effect.
Organization method of children's mathematical games
Children should be interested in math games, and children are willing to take the initiative to participate in them. For example, some math exercises are suitable for preschool children aged 4-6. At the age of 4-6, children's early learning should include: size, orientation, understanding different graphics, classification learning, correspondence learning and so on. (Actually, there should be more). Every kind of learning is a systematic project, including perceptual sets and elements, and understanding in 10. 10 to learn addition and subtraction; Understand simple geometric shapes; Know some common quantities, as well as simple knowledge of space, orientation and time; There are also preliminary skills such as correspondence, counting, addition and subtraction, and natural measurement. Like what? Finger extension? (Suitable for 3-year-old children), know the numbers within 10 with your fingers. ? Sort cards? (Suitable for 4-year-old children), according to the card tips, classify some items by color, shape and quantity. ? Guess what day it is today? (Suitable for 5-year-old children), consolidate children's understanding of yesterday, today, tomorrow, day of the week and other time concepts.
Moreover, in the process of this game, they will take the initiative to master the size comparison, quantity comparison, classification relationship, one-to-one correspondence and so on in mathematics learning.
(1) The number of games.
? Doll? Queuing game: For example, let many dolls queue up, set different queuing instructions for children, and let children find the appropriate queuing method among dolls. For example, issuing various instructions:
1, let the dolls line up from small to large.
2. Find the biggest doll in the doll set, and make it the leader of the team.
3. Divide the dolls into two teams. The big doll is a group of children in the big class and the little doll is a pair of children in the small class.
4. Compare the number of big dolls and small dolls, and hold hands with big dolls to see if they can correspond one by one.
In the process of playing with dolls, children can have a preliminary understanding of the size, have a sense of one-to-one correspondence and as many concepts, and can learn to classify and correspond through active participation. Children will enjoy this game.
(B) the relationship between children's mathematics oriented learning
Orientation relations include: up and down, left and right, front and back, etc. The study of these relationships is mainly carried out through games before school, and children can accept and understand them quickly. For example, the relationship between up and down, the human body is the best prop, there can be many such games. When children sit cross-legged on their legs, let them say what is on their mouths, such as a nose with two holes and two bright eyes, to let them know the meaning of their mouths. By analogy, it is a more fun way to learn the human body as a game. When you know the orientation, you can draw and color according to your child's preferences, draw some orientation figures for your child on paper, and let him draw with colored pens. The kids will love it.
For example, the following figure:
1, the triangle is painted red at the top, yellow in the middle and blue at the bottom.
2. Draw a smiling face on the triangle, three smiling faces in the middle and two smiling faces below. How many smiling faces are there
3. Then count it again. How many triangles are there in the picture above?
This is a study of the up-down relationship, and the left-right relationship can also be extended by similar graphics, from one triangle to multiple triangles. Such similar topics and coloring games can be played more in life. For children, they are just playing, but in the process of playing, they have mastered a lot of knowledge and ways of thinking.
In fact, as long as parents master the key knowledge points of children's phased learning and play with their children in life, they can let their children quickly learn the essence of mathematics knowledge in this way of playing, and every parent can learn a lot according to real life.
For example, after the cold dew in autumn, the weather turns cold and the trees in the north begin to shed leaves. Let the children find different red leaves and compare the size of the leaves. Arrange different leaves in a row. These games in life are all math. It is the consolidation, deepening, supplement and promotion of children's knowledge and life ability in the process of growth to let children play a role in the game, gain mathematical knowledge in the plot of the game, and cross-link and infiltrate various disciplines in the game and the natural environment.
Games are not only the way of children's mathematics education, but also the method of mathematics education. Games in children's mathematics teaching are a very important way for children to learn elementary mathematics knowledge in mathematics education games. Children's teaching is mainly carried out by using mathematical games. Because teaching games are games used to complete certain teaching tasks in the teaching process. It stipulates actions and rules, and adults can infiltrate the preliminary mathematical knowledge and skills that children need to master into the rules and actions. Children's operation of game rules and actions will inevitably produce different degrees of observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization, which will make judgment and reasoning form a positive thinking process of concepts, thus making games a powerful method for children to acquire mathematical knowledge and develop their thinking.