Classroom is the main place for students to study, and classroom learning is the most important part of learning. The efficiency of 45-minute classroom study determines the quality of students' academic performance to some extent.
Some parents and students may think that everyone has a pair of ears, so who can't attend classes? Actually, there is a lot of knowledge in class. Learning to attend classes is very important for junior high school students' learning progress.
First, pay attention. Psychological research shows that attention can help us choose the most meaningful information from a large number of information provided by the surrounding environment; At the same time, maintaining psychological activities on the selected objects can also make psychological activities properly allocated and adjusted according to the needs of current activities. Therefore, attention is particularly important for learning. Only by concentrating, concentrating, can we learn something; People who are absent-minded and inattentive often get nothing.
Secondly, we should listen with questions and use our brains. Some students are not good at thinking and thinking positively in class. They seem to be staring, but after a class, they leave no trace in their hearts. As the saying goes: "Learning is expensive and there is doubt", "Doubt is the beginning of all learning". Listening to the class with questions can make the classroom have clear goals and priorities, enhance the pertinence of the classroom, and thus improve the efficiency of classroom learning; Listening to the class with questions can also encourage you to use your brain actively, keep up with the teacher's teaching rhythm, and understand and digest the teaching content in time.
Material analysis method:
1. Chemical analysis: Chemical analysis is also called classical analysis, including titration analysis and gravimetric analysis. It calculates the content of the component to be detected according to the sample amount, the reaction product amount or the consumed reagent amount and the stoichiometric relationship of the reaction. Chemical analysis is not only to determine the types and contents of additional components in materials, but also to analyze the components of materials and accurately quantify them.
2. Differential thermal analysis: Thermal analysis is a method to study the relationship between thermodynamic parameters or physical parameters and temperature changes. The physical properties of separable substances, such as crystal transformation, melting, adsorption, dehydration and decomposition, are widely used in physics, chemistry, chemical industry, metallurgy, geology, building materials, fuel, textile, food, biology and other fields. Through the comprehensive application of thermal analysis technology, we can judge the types of materials, the content of material components, screen the target materials, and accurately predict the processing conditions and use conditions of materials, which is a very important link in the process of material analysis.
3. Elemental analysis: Elemental analysis is an analytical method to study the characteristic spectral lines absorbed or released when the outer electrons in the atom of the element to be tested transition from the ground state to the excited state. By analyzing the characteristic spectral lines, we can know the elemental composition, chemical bonds, atomic content and relative concentration of the measured substance. Elemental analysis is an essential link in material analysis, aiming at pre-element analysis of unconventional components in materials, assisting and proving chromatographic analysis.
4. Spectral analysis: Spectral analysis is a method to analyze the structural characteristics or content of a substance by studying its emission spectrum, absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. Spectral analysis can be divided into visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light and X-ray spectral analysis according to the wavelength of light. Spectral analysis can accurately, quickly and sensitively identify substances, analyze the molecular structure of substances, and determine the chemical composition and relative content. This is the first step of qualitative analysis of materials in the process of material analysis.
5. Chromatographic analysis: In the process of molecular distribution balance between stationary phase and mobile phase, different components of the substance are separated from each other on the stationary phase, achieving the purpose of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the substance. According to the separation mechanism, chromatographic analysis can be divided into adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography and other analytical categories. Through the comprehensive application of various chromatographic techniques, the components of various substances can be separated, quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.
6. Interface technology: By combining different modes and types of thermal analysis technology with chromatography, spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technology, the analysis of multi-component complex sample system can be realized, and the accurate, sensitive and rapid composition and composition test of substances with diverse components and systems can be completed, which is an indispensable analytical means in the process of unconventional substance analysis.
The political material analysis method finds out the key content, circles the key words, and carefully analyzes and thinks.
There is a great difference between xps and xrd in material analysis methods. .
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is to irradiate a sample with X-rays, so that the internal electrons or valence electrons of atoms or molecules are excited and emitted. Electrons excited by photons are called photoelectrons, which can measure the energy of photoelectrons.
XRD is the abbreviation of X-ray diffraction. By X-ray diffraction of a material, the diffraction pattern is analyzed, and information such as the composition of the material, the structure or morphology of atoms or molecules inside the material is obtained.
XRD is to analyze the crystal structure of materials. . Generally, it is used to detect crystals contained in samples, and Bragg formula can also be used to determine the crystal plane spacing, cell size and type.
XPS is to analyze every element.
Thinking and experience of consulting China Pharmacopoeia
China Pharmacopoeia has been consulted for some time. When I am free, compare it with the Pharmacopoeia and think again. In order to learn communication better, I have the following personal learning experience. The learning experience is divided into four parts, as listed below. Please correct me, thank you!
Compilation basis, background and significance of China Pharmacopoeia (1);
China Pharmacopoeia is compiled according to People's Republic of China (PRC) Drug Administration Law. The emerging drug safety problems make drugs
Safety has become an important task of national pharmaceutical product management, and the revision of China Pharmacopoeia once again gives legal support to drug safety in terms of standards.
China Pharmacopoeia greatly improved the drug standard. It is a drug code formulated by the state to ensure that the quality of drugs is controllable and the people use drugs safely and effectively. It is the legal basis that must be strictly observed in drug research, production, management, use and management. It is the core of the national drug standard system and the important content of international exchange and cooperation.
The new edition of Pharmacopoeia has greatly increased and improved the quality control indicators of drug safety inspection, further improved the standard requirements for high-risk varieties, greatly improved the overall level of Chinese medicine standards, expanded the collection and application of mature new technologies and methods, and further guaranteed drug safety.
China Pharmacopoeia is the minimum standard of drug safety, and it is also a strict firewall of drug safety.
2. Main features of the new edition of China Pharmacopoeia:
China Pharmacopoeia is published in three parts, one is Chinese medicine, the other is chemical medicine, and the third is biological products. Version of China Pharmacopoeia contains more than 4,600 varieties, including 1.300 new varieties, which basically cover the varieties in the national essential drugs list and the national medical insurance list.
1. Add and delete at the same time, and the collected varieties are greatly increased. A total of 4567 species were included in the first, second and third parts of the new Pharmacopoeia, among which 1386 species were added, with an increase of 43%. Dozens of drugs with imperfect standards and many clinical adverse reactions were eliminated.
2. Modern analytical techniques have been expanded and applied. The new edition of Pharmacopoeia widely absorbs advanced technologies and experimental methods at home and abroad, and expands the collection of mature technologies and methods for drug quality control.
Three. Drug safety was further strengthened. The new edition of Pharmacopoeia has specially raised the standard requirements for high-risk varieties such as traditional Chinese medicine injections, commonly used drugs for children and biological products.
4. The controllability and effectiveness of drug quality have been further improved. The new edition of Pharmacopoeia has added or improved the item of drug effectiveness inspection, and greatly increased the specific detection and identification methods that meet the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.
5. The contents of drug standards are more scientific, standardized and reasonable. The new Pharmacopoeia adds general requirements for pharmaceutical excipients; Adopting the internationally accepted naming principle of medicinal materials, it has achieved international integration.
6. Encourage technological innovation and actively participate in international coordination. The new Pharmacopoeia actively studies and introduces quality control methods that can reflect the overall characteristics and internal quality changes of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, actively introduce the requirements and limits of international coordination organizations in drug impurity control and aseptic inspection, and the control indicators of some varieties are consistent with those of European and American pharmacopoeias.
3. Relationship between Edition China Pharmacopoeia and Injection:
China Pharmacopoeia (Edition) has improved the standards of key drugs systematically, paying special attention to high-risk drugs. The new edition of Pharmacopoeia adds the guiding principles for the application of safety inspection methods for chemical drug injections; In the general principles of preparations, osmotic pressure molar concentration inspection is a necessary item for injections; The varieties of traditional Chinese medicine injections included in Pharmacopoeia I have increased the limit standards of heavy metals and harmful elements; In addition, the standards of other injection varieties also increase the quality control requirements for product safety, effectiveness and quality controllability to varying degrees. These measures will certainly play a positive role in solving the safety problems of injections, especially traditional Chinese medicine injections.
4. China Pharmacopoeia Implementation Date:
Version of China Pharmacopoeia will be officially implemented on July 1.
China has a long history and a vast territory. It always feels that it has absolute advantages in all aspects of Chinese medicine, whether it is plants, minerals or animals. Let's take pharmacognosy as a Chinese herbal medicine for the time being. In China, it can be traced back to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, followed by Tang's Materia Medica, Tang and Song's Illustrated Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica, and finally to Qing's Compendium of Materia Medica. This book embodies the painstaking efforts of the working people in our country. All events are a gradual process, or a development process. The same is true of Chinese herbal medicines. So far, People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia has been published in several editions.
Because learning is endless, so is exploration. Learning with an inquiring mind is learning, otherwise it is imitation. In class, we only know the origin, efficacy and shape of this Chinese medicine, but we don't know that the world will never change. Theory comes from practice, but practice changes with the development of things, especially those "quasi-social people" born in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s, who have never been underground or seen "wheat leeks" If we can name and function any Chinese herbal medicine just because we have studied pharmacognosy, then we are talking big. The enrichment of knowledge is the result of accumulation, and accumulation is the process of practice. "Down-to-earth" has many meanings, such as the contents of textbooks or supplementary contents that the teacher said in class. If you only remember these things, it is a down-to-earth and very "down-to-earth". However, if we can go deep into the knowledge outside the textbook, after all, many good "experiences" have become "forbidden words" because they have not been scientifically confirmed for a while. In the process of learning, ask yourself why. It is better to learn with questions than to follow the teacher. There is a saying that "you can get it on paper, you will never know it, but you must practice it". To tell the truth, after so many classes, I only feel that one and a half hours of on-site observation after class is more than the last three hours of classes, or even more profound.
I learned it from studying Disciples Rules. I think only by studying Disciples Rules can we know how to be a real and fulfilling person. I've learned that "there are two things in the world that can't wait, one is filial piety, and the other is doing good." Sub-rules tell us to do good deeds, to be filial to our elders and to teach us how to treat people. Explain that the wealth and poverty of life are too painful, and they are all in their own hands; Face everything with gratitude and look at things with normality. I was deeply ashamed when I learned about Disciples Rules. Because I didn't know anything before learning Disciple Rules, I just muddled through day after day and never thanked the people, things and things around me. In the future, we must be "grateful to everyone and everything around us."
It is important to understand the learning method in the primary school mathematics class, not to memorize it like other subjects. Mathematics has a characteristic, that is,' draw inferences from one instance to another'. If you do a topic, you can summarize the methods and principles contained in it, and then use the principle of summary to solve such problems, and the effect will be better. It is also very important to learn mathematics, that is, start from the basics and practice steadily. I don't want to know how to do all the questions, I just want to know how to use the questions I have done. In the process of doing the problem, the most taboo is carelessness. Often I can do a problem, but I made a mistake because of carelessness, which is not worth it. Therefore, when I take the math test, I must not rush into it. I must calculate clearly and think clearly. This may be a little slower, but it will keep you from losing points. In contrast, I will use a slightly slower calculation method to comprehensively analyze the questions and try not to miss them. Learning is a lifetime thing, don't be too anxious. One step at a time will surely achieve unexpected results.
Thinking about high-tech military training in 500 words Military training is a new life challenge for every freshman, and the six-day military training has become an unforgettable memory for me.
Military training taught me how to endure hardship. I often say in my heart: the slogan of bleeding and sweating without crying, what kind of life determination is this! Clouds floated over the training base, but the sun still didn't understand human feelings. In the hot sun, we are all sweating. Although there is water to replenish us, the sweat as big as beans still flows from forehead to cheeks, and then falls gently on everyone's coat, so the white T-shirt is quickly soaked by sweat. However, no matter how scorching the hot sun is, each of our classmates didn't flinch. When standing in the military posture, everyone did not move, and really reached the highest state of standing as loose as a pine.
Military training has taught me unity again. "Unity is strength" sings our hearts and our friendship. In the hard training process, everyone's every move not only represents the individual, but also represents the image of our Class Five. Therefore, at this time, learning to unite is the first step towards success.
Military training gave me confidence again. I hesitated before, and I clearly recognized myself in the hard military training life. It turns out that as long as I have confidence and insist that I am the best, I can do everything perfectly, even if it is a difficult task, I will do it well and wonderfully.
Although it was only a short 6-day military training, I learned and learned a lot. This may be the first perfect and substantial lesson since I entered the third affiliated middle school! I believe that in my future senior three study career, I will certainly carry forward the excellent quality and style inherited in military training and strive to improve myself. I hope to give my parents, teachers and myself a satisfactory answer sheet in my senior three study.
Feelings and experiences of Yuanyuan Group's pedicure culture Foot bath, commonly known as foot bath, is a good means of health preservation. There is a saying that the sun rises when you wash your feet in spring, so get rid of it; Washing feet in summer can dispel summer heat and dampness; Wash feet in autumn, moisten lungs and intestines; Washing feet in winter warms the abdomen.
Insisting on soaking feet every day has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on joint pain, insomnia, beriberi, sweaty feet, chilblain and other systemic or regional diseases.
According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, foot is the beginning of foot three yin meridians and the end of foot three yang meridians. There are at least 66 acupoints below the ankle. Soaking feet with hot water, just like moxibustion with moxa sticks at these acupoints, has the functions of promoting qi and blood circulation, warming and nourishing viscera, nourishing vitality, strengthening waist and tendons, unblocking blood vessels, regulating yin and yang, eliminating fatigue and stimulating appetite. Modern medical research believes that there are countless nerve endings in human feet, and their pressure sensing points are connected with various parts and organs of the human body.
Foot bath can be used as a therapy for internal diseases and external treatment, and can also be used to treat various facial diseases. With the help of medicinal properties and heat, the meridians are dredged and qi and blood are reconciled to achieve the purpose of eliminating evil.