Abstract: The classification of eco-environmental maps is the basis for the rational development, utilization and management of natural resources and the study of geo-information maps. In this paper, the idea of systematic analysis is adopted, and on the basis of summarizing and comparing the previous studies on land use/land cover, vegetation, landform, landscape and ecological environment classification, a comprehensive ecological environment map classification system is constructed according to the methodology of geographic information map and with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system, and a comprehensive ecological environment map classification system of Fujian Province is put forward.
Keywords: ecological environment; Comprehensive information atlas;
Introduction Based on the classification study of vegetation, landform, landscape and ecological environment, according to the methodology of geographic information map, with the help of remote sensing, ecological environment and other technologies or geographic information systems that have a direct or indirect impact on human survival and development, various environmental elements of the ecological environment comprehensive information map and the classification index system of human beings themselves are constructed. Taking Fujian Province as an example, the function of ecological environment in Fujian Province was put forward. In essence, this paper summarizes, compares and analyzes these land types. The previous land use/land cover is equivalent to the ecological environment type, but only the date of land collection is considered: 2006-05-15; Revision date: June 2006-65438+April. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40371096); Supported by Fujian Education Department Fund (JA04265); Innovative Project of Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Fujian Province (2006F3 1 10).
In 2007, natural attributes were not considered, and land use change and gender similarities and differences were continued or merged. Classification on the basis that the zoning basis can not fully reflect the actual existence of various ecological foundations can make the classification work in a relatively consistent regional environmental type. It is more targeted in the field and is conducive to popularization and application in practice. Landscape ecological classification is related to the classification of ecological environment, and it is a typical classification method (such as table 1) and system. According to the national standard GB10112-88 in People's Republic of China (PRC), we can first see the general principles and methods of determining terms according to hydrothermal conditions and bioclimate zones [8], that is, the connotation and external system of terms are relatively unified, and in addition, the ecological extension can be divided into two basic principles: "ecological environment" and "landscape" according to the intensity of human influence. The term correlation [9~ 1 1]. According to the obvious similarity of landform, climate, soil, vegetation and other natural conditions of the same eco-environment 3 comprehensive information map classification system type, the national eco-environment construction plan first divides the whole country into eight eco-environment types 3. 1 classification objectives and principle areas, namely: (1) the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River; (2) the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River; The classification of the comprehensive information map of ecological environment should not only include the "three north" sandstorm prevention and control areas of the earth; (4) The hilly red soil area in the south; The distribution and combination of surface environmental factors should also include human activities (5) the northern tribal mountain area; (6) Black soil hilly region in Northeast China; (7) The utilization of the natural environment by the Qinghai-Tibet High Motion should also reflect the geoscience information of the original freeze-thaw reserve; (8) Grassland area. , Liu et al. [12] Geographical features of maps of Shaanxi Province. Through geoscience cognition and graphic thinking, in the classification of ecological environment, firstly, according to the overall structure and foundation of ecological environment, a large number of spatial practices are mined, classified and fused, and the attributes and functional characteristics of the classification book are divided into regional ecological environment and urban-rural settlement positioning, which are expressed in the form of genealogy, so that the internal ecological environment and water ecological environment expressed by graph are three systems. Among them, the regional ecological capacity has a clear concept of spatial positioning [15]. According to the location, environmental background value and human disturbance, the environmental system divides the region into seven eco-environmental subregions by referring to the classification system of land use, landscape and vegetation. On the basis of sub-region, according to the classification of comprehensive information map of land ecological environment, the following principles are adhered to: the principle of distinguishing cultivated land, garden land, breeding land and grass irrigation (1) according to use/land cover is the theoretical land and artificial forest irrigation grassland for dividing ecological environment regions. Scenic spots, independent industrial and mining areas, unused land, etc. 10. This (2) the principle of combining division with classification, because the eco-environmental classification of eco-environment is based on the regional similarity table 1 of vegetation, land use, landscape and eco-environmental classification system, and the comparison of the table 1 with the classification system of vegetation, land use, landscape and eco-environment in China Note: "★" indicates that there are more than three systems with related classification types.
Different places, environmental background values and human activities will affect the setting and screening of indicators in biological analysis [17]. The attribute and quality of the state environment comprehensive information graph type have obvious regional characteristics in space and (1) index factor weight analysis time. Qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted. Firstly, the principle of combining frequency (3) with dominant factors was implemented, which not only considered multivariate statistics, but also selected researchers in recent years from 1998~2005 documents related to biological factors and 159 documents affecting environmental zoning and classification indicators by using Wanfang periodical database. Secondly, differences are the main basis for classification. According to the purpose and principle of classification, expert consultation and grading are carried out. (4) Correctly evaluate the role of human activities in the ecological environment, and then get the factor weight by AHP, which is due to the difference of population density and economic structure. Combined with fuzzy cluster analysis, it is concluded that the weight value ≥0.2 is the first-class land, which causes the difference of ecological environment, so ≥0.05 is the second-class classification index of different ecological circle zoning indicators, and ≥0.0 1. Classification indicators (as shown in Table 2). (5) In addition to the similarities and differences of natural, economic and social conditions, the classification of types also needs to consider the problems existing in the weight coefficient of the classification index of the ecological environment comprehensive information map in Table 2 of the ecological environment and the consistency of the future governance, protection and construction direction. Table 2 Weight values of indicators; formulate corresponding measures to promote regional sustainable development. Eco-environmental classification (6) is a systematic principle, and the methodology of geo-information atlas requires the classification of atlas types to be abstract, generalized and summarized, so as to extract geo-genetic atlas from complex eco-environment and better reflect the characteristics of "spectrum" [16]. A large number of data are classified and merged in the form of charts, abstractly forming a pedigree. Summary and refining process of comprehensive information atlas (figure 1). (2) the division of the first-class ecological environment area. Macroscopically, the ecological environment shows a series of different types of spatial combination and continuous distribution [2]. On the other hand, the geographical characteristics of different eco-environmental regions are the objective basis for the induction and refinement of geographic information maps. The application of all selection simplification and generalization methods, the determination of various extraction indexes and the evaluation of the importance of abstract objects must be restricted by regional geographical characteristics. Therefore, it is generally believed that climatic conditions are the main determinant of large and medium-scale ecological environment differentiation, and landforms are the main factors to change the distribution of hydrothermal factors [2, 18, 19]. Therefore, the main indicators of eco-environment area are divided into figure 1 technical route of eco-environment information map research: ① climatic and meteorological indicators: dryness, annual average temperature in the process of studying Tupu-type eco-environment, accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃, average temperature in the most Leng Yue and hottest month. (2) Landform indicators: altitude, undulating height, similar landform types, special 3.2 indicators selection and system construction characteristics. Follow the above classification scheme and principles, learn from other related (3) classification systems of secondary eco-environment, consider the accuracy and coding method selection of remote sensing image data sources (land-based regional eco-environment zoning, secondary eco-environment sat TM and ETM), and other classification indicators adopt the natural attributes and utilization factors of land cover. In order to make the index system objectively reflect the content attributes of the zoning, according to the regional differentiation law of vegetation types in the natural ecosystem covered by the ground and reflecting the main characteristics of the region, each eco-environmental zoning is divided into six categories (table type and appearance type) by using the methods of frequency statistics, theoretical analysis, expert consultation and rank status. Classification of water wetlands and artificial buildings refer to 3). This explanation is based on ARC/INFO and ArcView: cause, proportion and utilization. Platform, taking ETM remote sensing image as background data source, extracting vector graphic data and attribute data through human-computer interaction, 4. Obtaining the spatial distribution map of regional secondary ecological environment classification through case analysis. Fujian Province is located on the southeast coast of China, with its back to the sea. The mountain range above 1000m in the north and south is basically separated from the classification system of Zhejiang, Table 3 Jiangxi and Guangdong, so it becomes a relatively independent eco-environmental natural geographical unit in geomorphology and water system. Relatively independent landforms and water systems have a profound influence on the formation and distribution of climate, soil, vegetation and other natural elements, which makes the ecological environment in Fujian Province show great relative independence. However, due to the extensive mode of regional economic growth, the consumption and destruction of resources are also expanding, resulting in a series of environmental problems such as industrial pollution, soil erosion, vegetation destruction and soil erosion. On this basis, combined with socio-economic data, Fujian Province is divided into five eco-environmental zones, namely, the basin-valley eco-environmental zone in western Fujian, the plain eco-environmental zone in middle and low mountainous areas in Fujian, the coastal eco-environmental zone in northeast Fujian, the hilly plain eco-environmental zone in southeast Fujian and the island eco-environmental zone in southeast Fujian. Firstly, according to the vegetation and land use, the eco-environmental zones are divided into six types: forest, grassland, sparse or no vegetation, water wetland, farmland and artificial buildings. Finally, among the six eco-environment types, the three-level map types are divided according to the internal differences of each eco-environment area. There are 80 types of ecological environment in the province (Figure 2). Conclusion The classification scheme of comprehensive information atlas of ecological environment is based on the full investigation of (4) the classification of three-level ecological environment types, taking into account regional ecological characteristics, environmental spatial structure and ecosystem services. In order to make the classification of three-level ecological environment types reflect the influence of regional functions, ecological environment problems and human activities, and enter the spatial distribution of ecological environment type quality, it is necessary to classify and locate the ecological environment types in remote sensing images. In the process of dividing the regional characteristics of ecological environment (spectral characteristics, radiation characteristics, geometric characteristics and changing rules), the basic geology and geomorphology in the region are emphasized first. ), which objectively reflects the comprehensive characteristics of the ecological environment, the natural differentiation basis of the structure and the regional climate; Secondly, highlight the characters and realize the extraction of thematic geometry and attribute information. According to the function of each activity. With the increase of population and the development of economy and society, in order to reflect the highly concentrated information on the map, human beings have more and more influence on the ecological environment. In many areas, the ideas of natural formation, image expression and revealing mechanism and law are decreasing in the third level, replaced by intense human activities, and the same ecological environment type should have similar land use/interference. Classifying the types of human activities into different types is reflected in land cover, similar ecological and environmental problems, and similar idea of paying equal attention to human nature and human influence; Finally, it pays attention to the main activities in this area. Therefore, the classification of three-level ecological environment types should pay attention to ecological environment problems. In order to facilitate the management of regional ecological environment, the indicators are as follows: ① Indicators of ecological environment problems: sensitive and reasonable construction of ecological environment, strengthening the governance and improvement of ecological environment problems, and the main ecological environment problems arising from this vulnerability. (2) Classification of forest and grass respectively classifies some typical eco-environmental problems, such as classification indicators of lowlands, farmland, desert and sparse or vegetated land, classification and case analysis of comprehensive eco-environmental information maps of ecological ring areas such as coniferous forests with high vegetation coverage and low vegetation coverage. 89.2 Figure 2 Types of comprehensive information map of ecological environment in Fujian Province. 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