Modern mathematics competition is still a problem-solving competition, but it is mainly held among students (especially senior high school students). The purpose is to discover and cultivate talents.
Mathematics competition in the modern sense began in Hungary. 1894, in order to commemorate the appointment of Evos, President of the Society of Mathematical Physics, as Minister of Education, the Society of Mathematical Physics passed a resolution: a mathematical competition named after Evos will be held every year 10, with 3 questions each time and a time limit of 4 hours. Any reference books are allowed. These problems are good at mysterious and strange forms, and generally have concise solutions and creative characteristics. Under the leadership of Evos, this mathematics competition has played a great role in the development of mathematics in Hungary. Many accomplished mathematicians and scientists are winners of previous Evos competitions, such as Fryer of 1897 and Von Kamen of 1898.
Influenced by Hungary, Eastern European countries vigorously held math competitions:1Romania in 902, the former Soviet Union in 1934, Bulgaria in 1949, Poland in 1950, and Czechoslovakia in195 years ago.
It was the former Soviet Union that named the middle school students' mathematics competition "Mathematical Olympics". The name is adopted because there are many similarities between mathematics competition and sports competition, both of which advocate the Olympic spirit. The result of the competition is surprising, and it is often found that a powerful country in mathematics competition is also a powerful country in sports competition, which gives some enlightenment.
1934 in Leningrad, 1935 in Moscow, the relevant state universities organized regional mathematics competitions, which were called "Middle School Mathematics Olympics". At that time, famous mathematicians in Moscow took part in this work. The mathematical Olympics in the former Soviet Union were divided into five levels: school Olympics, county Olympics, regional Olympics, * * * * United Nations Olympics and national Olympics, and then six representatives were selected to participate in the international mathematical Olympics.
The most enthusiastic about organizing the international mathematics competition is Romanian professor Roman. After his planning, the first International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) was held in July 1959 in Blaso, the ancient Romanian capital, which opened the curtain of the international mathematical competition. At that time, there were 52 students from seven countries in Eastern Europe, including Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, the former German Democratic Republic and the former Soviet Union. Each country has 8 players, while the former Soviet Union sent only 4 players. It will be held once a year in the future (except 1980, which was suspended due to the financial difficulties of the host Mongolia). By the time 1990 3 1 was held in China, it had grown to 308 contestants from 54 countries and regions. By 1995, when the 36th tournament is held in Canada, the number of doubles will increase to 73 countries and regions, with more than 400 participants. It's not too late to hold a math contest in China. After liberation, under the initiative of Professor Hua and other mathematicians of the older generation, middle school mathematics competitions were held from 65438 to 0956, and resumed in Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Tianjin, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chengdu and other provinces and cities, and high school mathematics leagues were also held jointly by Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Sichuan, Liaoning and Anhui. From 65438 to 0979, 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in Chinese mainland held middle school mathematics competitions. Since then, the enthusiasm for developing mathematics competitions all over the country has never been higher. 1980, at the first national conference on the popularization of mathematics held in Dalian, it was decided to take the mathematics competition as a regular work of the Chinese Mathematical Society and the mathematical societies of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and hold the "National Senior High School Mathematics Joint Competition" 10 on the first Sunday in mid-June every year. At the same time, the mathematical circles in China are actively preparing to send athletes to participate in the International Mathematical Olympics. 1985, the national junior high school mathematics league was held; 1986 held the "Huajin Cup" Youth Mathematics Invitational Tournament; 199 1 year, the national primary school mathematics league was held.
China's high school mathematics competition is divided into three levels: the national league tournament in mid-June every year is 65438+ 10; The following year 1 month CMO (winter camp); The training and selection of the national training team began in March of the following year.
The American Middle School Mathematics Competition has a great influence on the middle schools in China. The competition is also divided into three rounds: AHSME, with 30 multiple-choice questions, which should be completed within 90 minutes; The American Mathematics Invitational Tournament (AIME) took 15 fill-in-the-blank questions, and the answers were all positive integers not exceeding 999, which were required to be completed within 3 hours; The American Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO), the highest mathematics competition in the United States, has five questions each time and takes 3.5 hours to complete.
Our country has taken a series of effective measures to make our mathematics competition activities extensive, orderly, in-depth and lasting. First, create a good scene for the math competition; Primary and secondary schools organize teaching interest group activities every year, and set the time, place, tutor and auxiliary content; There are plans to provide intensive counseling and training for some math "seedlings" in order to establish a math Olympic amateur school. Secondly, strengthen the counseling power of mathematics competition; Mathematical Olympic coaches at all levels should constantly improve their teaching and teaching quality. Third, optimize the mathematics competition counseling system; Compile and publish basic mathematics competition training materials or counseling books, collect and sort out domestic and foreign mathematics competition materials, study and refine the thinking methods and skills of solving problems in mathematics competitions, and improve and perfect the selection mechanism and counseling methods of mathematics competitions.
The "National Primary School Mathematics Olympics" (founded in 199 1) is a popular activity, which is divided into preliminary competition (March every year) and summer camp (summer every year).
The "National Junior Middle School Mathematics League" (founded in 1984) is held by the mathematics competition organizations of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the form of "taking turns to host", which is held in April every year, with a trial and a second trial.
The National High School Mathematics League (founded in 198 1) is held in the same way as the junior high school league. It is divided into initial test and second test. About 90 students who have achieved excellent results in this competition are eligible to participate in the "China Mathematical Olympics (CMO) and the National Winter Camp for Middle School Students" hosted by chinese mathematical society (every year 1 month).