Stimulating the desire for knowledge and cultivating the interest in self-study are the primary factors to cultivate students' self-study ability. Pavlov's psychological point of view holds that the purpose, will and interest of learning complement each other. People often say that interest is the best teacher. Once students find this "best teacher", their learning of mathematics will change from passive absorption to active enterprising, and the effect will be very different from completing tasks to infatuation. How to stimulate students' interest in self-study is the starting point of forming students' self-study ability. This requires mathematics teachers to consciously and persistently cultivate students' good interest in learning mathematics in the process of preparing lessons, studying textbooks, designing teaching plans and teaching.

There is a math teacher who has taught for many years. His math class is very enlightening to us. In the first class at the beginning of each semester, he vividly introduces the general situation and characteristics of the new textbook to students, so as to arouse their interest, make students consciously browse the whole book, initially perceive many attractive contents in the book, stimulate their curiosity, and lay the foundation for learning in different classrooms. He said in the first math class of freshmen: "The students have now entered another new stage of their learning journey. At the moment, everyone is holding a new ink-scented textbook, and it seems that they can't wait to know what interesting contents and useful knowledge are in this book. All right! The teacher will introduce this new book to you now ... "The teacher spent 20 minutes, grasping the characteristics of the text, passionately and pertinently introducing the contents of each unit, and the rest of the time was read, discussed and asked by the students. Some students read, discuss and think, and constantly ask some new questions to the teacher. In the whole class teaching, according to the characteristics of teaching materials and the age characteristics of students, teachers take teaching materials as the carrier and aim at teaching to serve students better, so as to stimulate students' interest in autonomous learning. In this way, after a class, Zhang Xuesheng's face glowed with excitement. I think that if a math teacher can stick to this method for a long time in classroom teaching, he can lay a good foundation for students to learn math and cultivate their self-study ability.

Second, improve teaching methods and strengthen the guidance of learning methods.

Improving teaching methods and strengthening the guidance of learning methods are the key links to cultivate students' self-learning ability. Teaching method is not only a teaching method, but also a method to guide students' learning. Self-study ability is a kind of ability for students to learn independently by using correct learning methods on the basis of existing scientific and cultural knowledge. This ability can only be gradually formed through frequent repeated training. Therefore, teachers must improve the long-standing situation that teachers talk, students listen, teachers ask and students answer, even without thinking or hands-on, and strengthen the guidance of students' learning methods.

The guidance of learning methods generally includes: paying attention to the learning process and summarizing learning methods; Typical demonstration of teachers and demonstration of learning methods; By analogy, migration method; Closely follow the characteristics of teaching materials and point out learning methods. As far as textbooks and students are concerned, learning methods and teaching methods vary from class to class and from person to person. Different genres of texts have different learning methods. Teachers should make a systematic, hierarchical and focused learning guidance plan according to the actual teaching materials, the requirements of different grades and the method system of learning mathematics, and turn learning methods into concrete steps for students to operate in the learning process. The teaching process can't be limited to directly imparting ready-made knowledge to students, but should focus on developing students' intelligence and cultivating students' ability, so that students can become the discoverers of knowledge and benefit for life. To achieve this goal, mathematics teaching must focus on students' "learning" and pay attention to guiding students to move their mouths, hands and brains in the process of "reading, discussing, speaking and practicing". Teachers should guide students to use reference books to read the text independently, and discuss and study the words, words, sentences and articles of the article, so that students can experience and understand it themselves. Teachers are the organizers of teaching, playing a leading role, focusing on guidance, and "pointing" is harmful. When "dialing" is crucial, we should dare to choose, grasp the key points and leave no suspense, so that students have the enthusiasm and opportunity to train their listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Only in this way can we really help cultivate students' reading ability and enhance their self-study ability.

Third, do a good job in extracurricular reading and give careful guidance.

Doing a good job in extracurricular reading and giving careful guidance are important means to cultivate students' self-study ability. The content of mathematics textbooks is limited, while the knowledge after class is infinite. So we must do a good job in students' extracurricular reading and give careful guidance. Facts have proved that the strength of a student's self-study ability is closely related to the breadth of his reading. In mathematics teaching, if students want to master what they have learned deeply and firmly, they must expand their reading range, so that they can have a solid "rear area" for learning and a broad "knowledge background" for knowledge. Therefore, strengthening extracurricular reading is not only a necessary condition for students to deepen their knowledge, but also an important means to exercise their self-study ability, which must be paid attention to.

It is very important to guide extracurricular reading. Mathematics teachers should encourage students to do extracurricular reading, cultivate interest and enhance confidence. Teachers should proceed from reality and help students choose appropriate reading materials through recommendation and introduction. The content should be rich and varied, and the forms can be varied. To carry out extracurricular reading, teachers also need to guide students to correctly use the knowledge, skills, learning methods and thinking methods they have mastered in class. These knowledge, skills, learning methods and thinking methods will be consolidated and developed in extracurricular reading, making extracurricular reading a supplement and continuation of cultivating self-learning ability in class. Teachers should put forward reading requirements in extracurricular reading guidance, and guide students to write various reading notes, such as word extraction, content summary, writing an outline or writing reading notes, so as to improve students' self-study ability.

In a word, cultivating students' autonomous learning ability involves many aspects and is a very complicated and hard work. It needs the hard work of multi-disciplinary teachers, especially math teachers, and needs to create opportunities for students to learn independently in all teaching links and give serious guidance. Over time, students' autonomous learning ability can be continuously improved, and we can truly "teach for the sake of not teaching".