The nine chapters refer to various modes.

Chinese name

Jiuzhang

Make a general reference to

All kinds of patterns

translate freely

Nine patterns of coronation of ancient emperors

Explain the source

1. Nine patterns on the coronation clothes of ancient emperors.

3. Nine flags that commanded the army in ancient marching. Patterns on the chapter and flag.

4. Nine areas.

5. Refers to "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic". According to legend, it was written by the official of the Yellow Emperor. "Nine chapters are small, so it is considered a technique."

6. refers to the nine laws and regulations.

【jiǔ zhāng？ Xu Xu?

Jiuzhang mathematics

Nine-chapter mathematics, that is, nine-chapter arithmetic, some of its achievements, such as decimal numerical system, modern skills and surplus skills, have also spread to India and Arabia, and through India and Arabia to Europe, which has promoted the development of world mathematics.

Chinese name

Jiuzhang mathematics

Another name

the nine chapters on the mathamatical art

content

Decimal Value System, Current Skills and Remaining Skills

author

Qin Song Jiu Shao

Introduction of works

Nine Chapters Arithmetic is a summary of the development of mathematics during the establishment and consolidation of feudal society in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. As far as its mathematical achievements are concerned, it is a world-famous mathematical work. For example, the operation of quartering, the present skills (called the three-rate method in the west), square roots and square roots (including the numerical solution of quadratic equations), the skills of surplus and deficiency (called the double solution in the west), various formulas of area and volume, the solution of linear equations, the principle of addition and subtraction of positive and negative numbers, the Pythagorean solution (especially the Pythagorean theorem and the method of finding Pythagorean numbers) and so on are all very high levels. Among them, the solution of equations and the addition and subtraction of positive and negative numbers are far ahead in the development of mathematics in the world. As far as its characteristics are concerned, it forms an independent system centered on calculation, which is completely different from ancient Greek mathematics.

"Nine Chapters Arithmetic" has several remarkable characteristics: it adopts the form of mathematical problem sets divided into chapters according to categories; Formulas are all developed from counting method; Mainly arithmetic and algebra, rarely involving graphic properties; Attach importance to application and lack of theoretical explanation.

These characteristics are closely related to the social conditions and academic thoughts at that time. In Qin and Han dynasties, all science and technology should serve the establishment and consolidation of feudal system and the development of social production at that time, emphasizing the application of mathematics. Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, which was finally written in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ruled out the discussion of famous scholars and Mohists in the Warring States period on the definition and logic of nouns, but focused on mathematical problems and their solutions closely combined with production and life at that time, which was completely consistent with the development of society at that time.