In the history of science, many important events happened in this period, which put forward new topics for mathematics. First of all, Copernicus put forward the theory of earth motion, which fundamentally shook the geocentric theory, an important theoretical pillar of theology. His disciple Rhaticus saw that the astronomical observation at that time was becoming more and more precise, and it was urgent to calculate the detailed trigonometric function table, so he began to make sine, tangent and secant tables every 10. " At that time, Rhaticus and his assistant worked hard for 65,438+02 years until his disciple Otto died.
/kloc-In the second half of the 6th century, Danish astronomer Tycho made a lot of accurate astronomical observations. On this basis, the German astronomer Kepler summed up the three laws of planetary motion, which led Newton to discover gravity.
Kepler's "New Solid Geometry of Wooden Buckets" regards wooden barrels as the accumulation of numerous circular slices, and calculates its volume from it. This is the precursor work of integral calculus.
The development of mathematics has produced several influential new fields, such as analytic geometry, calculus, probability theory, projective geometry and so on. Every field dwarfs the achievements of the ancient Greeks.
The trend of algebra, the main body of Greek mathematics is geometry, and algebraic problems are often demonstrated by geometric methods. Algebra occupied a more important position than geometry in the17th century. It broke through the Greek box and was further transformed into symbolic algebra. Geometric problems are often solved in turn by algebraic methods.
A large number of new concepts, such as irrational number, imaginary number, instantaneous rate of change, derivative, integral, etc. , is not a direct reflection of empirical facts, but by the further abstraction of mathematical theory.
Mathematics is more closely related to other natural sciences. The rise of experimental science (from Galileo) promoted the development of mathematics, and the achievements of mathematics penetrated into other scientific departments. Many mathematicians, such as Newton, Leibniz, Descartes and Fermat, are themselves astronomers, physicists or philosophers.
Mathematical knowledge has been widely exchanged and disseminated, and only a few people were studying mathematics in Greek times. Until16th century, the situation did not change much. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, researchers increased greatly, academic groups (societies or colleges) were established one after another, the printing industry flourished, and mathematical knowledge was widely popularized and applied.