Mathematical morphology is a discipline based on strict mathematical theory, and its basic ideas and methods have great influence on the theory and technology of image processing. In fact, mathematical morphology has become a new image processing method and theory, an important research field of computer digital image processing and fractal theory, and has been applied in digital image analysis and processing in many disciplines. This subject has achieved very successful applications in computer character recognition, computer microscopic image analysis (such as quantitative metallographic analysis and particle analysis), medical image processing (such as cell detection, heart movement process research, automatic quantitative description of spinal tumor images), image coding and compression, industrial detection (such as food detection and automatic detection of printed circuits), material science, robot vision, automobile movement monitoring and so on. In addition, mathematical morphology also has a good application prospect in fingerprint detection, economic geography, synthetic music and tomography. Morphological method has become an indispensable tool for engineers and technicians in the field of image application. At present, the technology and application of mathematical morphology are constantly being studied and developed.