(2) When the bladder is full, people will feel urination, and information will be transmitted to the skin of the brain. Combined with the process shown in the figure, we can know that the nerve conduction pathway that produces urination is bladder wall receptor →c→ lumbosacral segment of spinal cord (or primary urination center) →a→ cerebral cortex. The conduction direction of nerve impulse is opposite to that of epicardial current, and the conduction direction of nerve impulse is one, so the direction of subendothelial current of nerve fiber is left.
(7) The significance of positive feedback is to strengthen the physiological process until the physiological function is finally completed, so the urination process belongs to positive feedback regulation.
(7) The lower center located in the spinal cord is regulated by the corresponding higher center in the brain. So the reason of urinary incontinence after fright is that the reflex activity of spinal cord is controlled by the brain. When frightened, people's blood pressure rises, parasympathetic nerve activity strengthens, and blood pressure returns to normal. Diabetic patients are caused by poor insulin secretion by islet cells. The hypothalamus is damaged by the synthesis and secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which leads to insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and the reabsorption of water by other renal ducts and collecting ducts is reduced, resulting in polyuria.
So the answer is:
(1) effector
(2) Receptor of bladder wall →c→ Lumbosacral segment of spinal cord (or primary micturition center) →a→ cerebral cortex &; N is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; left
(7) Positive feedback
(7) The brain loses control of spinal cord reflex (or spinal cord reflex is controlled by the brain)&; N is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; Rising and falling are sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; Parasympathetic nerve and n are sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; Small islands such as&; N is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; & ampn is sp; Hypothalamic injury leads to insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and the reabsorption of water by renal tubules and collecting ducts is reduced.