The story of mathematicians-Gauss;

Gauss's grandfather is a farmer, and his father has also done various handyman besides gardening, such as dike protector and builder. Because of poverty, his father has no education. My mother got married at the age of 34 and gave birth to Gauss at the age of 35. She is the daughter of a stonemason. She has a very clever brother. He is a famous local silk expert. This uncle Gauss takes good care of little Gauss. He educates him and teaches him some knowledge whenever he has the chance. This father can be said to be a "lout", thinking that only strength can make money, and learning is useless to the poor. In his later years, Gauss likes to tell his little grandson stories about his childhood. He said that he had learned to calculate before he could speak. When he was less than three years old, one day he watched his father calculating the weekly salary of the workers under his jurisdiction. Father was mumbling to count, finally sighed and finally worked out the money. When my father finished reading the money and was about to write it down, a small voice came from around him: "Dad! Wrong calculation, the money should be like this. " Father was surprised and calculated again, and sure enough, the number that Little Goss said was correct. Strangely enough, no one taught Gauss how to calculate, but little Gauss learned to calculate through observation on weekdays, when the adults didn't know. Another famous story can also be said that Gauss had fast computing ability at an early age. When he was still in primary school, one day, the arithmetic teacher asked the whole class to work out the following formula:1+2+3+4+...+98+99+100 =? Soon after the teacher finished the problem, Gauss wrote the answer 5050 on his small stone board, while the other children were all confused and still couldn't figure it out. In the end, only Gauss's answer is correct. Originally1+100 =1012+99 =1013+98 =10/50+. Press: Today, the formula indicates that 1+2+...+n Gauss's family is very poor. In winter, after dinner, his father goes to bed, which can save fuel and lamp oil. Gauss likes reading very much. He often takes a radish to his attic. He hollowed out the radish, stuffed it into a wick made of coarse cloth, and made candle oil with some grease, so he concentrated on reading in this dim light. He didn't go to bed until fatigue and cold overwhelmed him.

Gauss's arithmetic teacher used to have a bad attitude towards his students. He often thinks that he is incompetent to teach in the backcountry. Now he is happy to find a "child prodigy". But soon he felt ashamed that he didn't know much about mathematics and couldn't help Gauss.

He went to town and bought a math book for Gauss. Gauss is very happy to study this book with a teaching assistant who is almost ten years older than him. Children and teenagers have formed a deep affection, and they spend a lot of time discussing what's inside.

At the age of eleven, Gauss discovered the general case of binomial theorem (x+y )n, where n can be a positive and negative integer or a positive and negative fraction. When he was a pupil, he paid attention to infinite problems.

One day, on his way home, Gauss was absorbed in reading and unconsciously walked into the garden of Brunswick Palace. At this time, the Duchess of Brunswick saw that the child liked reading so much and talked to him. She found that he fully understood the profound content of the book he read.

The duchess went back and reported to the duke that the duke had heard the story of a clever boy in the territory under his jurisdiction, so he sent someone to call Gauss to the palace.

Duke Ferdinand liked the shy boy very much and appreciated his talent, so he decided to give him financial aid to give him a chance to receive higher education. Duke Ferdinand's care for Gauss is beneficial, otherwise Gauss's father is against children reading too many books. He always thinks that it is more useful to work to earn money than to do some math research. How can Gauss become a useful person?

Babylonian symbol:

Babylonians used two rounding methods: one was decimal and the other was sexagesimal.

Carry.

Decimalization is a method we use in our daily life, and it is an abacus.

"Everything is unified" is based on this principle.

Babylonians did not have an abacus, but invented such a "calculation tool" association.

Help calculation (Figure 1). Dig three long small grooves in the ground, or have three small ones specially.

Rotten mud, use some metal balls to represent numbers. For example, farmers in southern Babylon gave 429 bags of wheat to the king.

Tax, farmers in the east of the city paid 253 bags of wheat. So the king's warehouse increased.

429+253 = 682 bags of grain. We can get the answer in an instant with a pen, but

It belongs to Babylon, but it was first put in small grooves on the clay board: four, two,

Nine metal balls represent 429. Then put four metal balls in a small groove.

Add 2 balls to the top, 5 balls to the middle slot, and the last slot.

Three balls.

Now there are 12 balls in the last slot, and the Babylonians will take ten.

One, add 1 ball to the middle slot-that's "one in every ten".

Finally, the number 682 on the clay tablet is the result of addition. Isn't this fun?

(Figure 2) We can teach children about the addition of large numbers in objects in this way.

Law.

At present, hexadecimal is rarely used unless we say: one hour.

When = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds, we use decimal system in other occasions.

But you know what? It was set by the Babylonians in 360.

Five days, twelve months, twenty-nine or thirty days in a month, once every seven days.

A week, a circle has 360 degrees, an hour has 60 minutes, and a minute has 6 minutes.

Humor: 1, plus sign

There is a family whose children have been poor in math, and their parents have changed many schools for him. Finally, their parents took their children to a church primary school, and the child was among the best in mathematics. The parents were also very surprised and asked, "Is the teacher teaching well?" The child said, "No."The parents asked, "Are the textbooks different?" The child said, "No."The parents asked, "What is that?" The child said, "as soon as I entered the classroom, I knew that mathematics was highly valued here, because as soon as I entered the door, I saw a person booked on the plus sign!" " "

2, negative number

Mathematicians, biologists and physicists sit in street cafes and watch people go in and out of the house across the street. They first saw two people go in, and after a long time, they saw three people come out. Physicist: "The measurement is not accurate enough." Biologist: "They reproduce." Mathematician: "If one more person goes in now, the house will be empty. 3, the mathematician's answer

Physicists and engineers got lost in a hot air balloon in the Grand Canyon. They shouted for help: "Hello! Where are we? " After about 15 minutes, they heard the response echoing in the valley: "Hey! You are in a hot air balloon! " The physicist said, "That guy must be a mathematician." The engineer wants to know, "Why?" The physicist said, "Because it took him a long time to give a completely correct answer, but it was useless.

Math paper:

An easily overlooked answer

The world is full of wonders, and there are many interesting things in our mathematics kingdom. For example, in my ninth exercise book, there is a thinking question that reads: "A bus goes from Dongcheng to Xicheng at a speed of 45 kilometers per hour and stops after 2.5 hours. At this time, it is just 18 km away from the center of the east and west cities. How many kilometers is it between East and West? When Wang Xing and Xiaoying solve the above problems, their calculation methods and results are different. Wang Xing's mileage is less than Xiao Ying's, but xu teacher said that both of them were right. Why is this? Have you figured it out? You can also calculate the calculation results of both of them. " In fact, we can quickly work out a method for this problem, which is: 45× 2.5 = 1 12.5 (km),112.5+18 =130.5 (. In fact, we have neglected a very important condition here, that is, the word "Li" mentioned in the condition is "just 18 km from the center of the east and west cities", and it does not say whether it has not yet reached the midpoint or exceeded the midpoint. If the distance from the midpoint is less than 18km, the formula is the previous one; If it is greater than 18km, the formula should be 45× 2.5 = 1 12.5 (km), 1 12.5-65448. Therefore, the correct answer should be: 45 × 2.5 = 1 12.5 (km),12.5+18 =130.5 (km),/kloc-. Two answers, that is to say, Wang Xing's answer and Xiaoying's answer are comprehensive. In daily study, there are often many math problems with multiple solutions, which are easily overlooked in practice or examination. This requires us to carefully examine the problem, awaken our own life experience, scrutinize it carefully, and fully and correctly understand the meaning of the problem. Otherwise, it is easy to ignore other answers and make a mistake of generalizing.

Mathematical common sense: People call 12345679 "missing 8 digits". This "number without 8" has many surprising characteristics, such as multiplying by multiples of 9, and the product is actually composed of the same number. People call this "uniform". For example:12345679 * 9 =1111/kloc-0. 27 = 333333333 ... 1 2345679 * 81= 999999 These are all 9 times of1multiplied by 9. And 99, 108, 1 17 to 17 1. The final answer is:12345679 * 99 =1222212345679 *108 =13333333212345679. 444443... 12345679 * 17 1 = 2 1 1 1 165438.

Mathematical magician: 198 1 One day in the summer of 2008, a mental arithmetic contest was held in India. The performer is a 37-year-old woman from India. Her name is Shagongtana. On that day, she will compete with an advanced electronic computer with amazing mental arithmetic ability. The staff wrote a long list of 20/kloc-0 bits, asking to find the 23rd root of this number. As a result, it took Shagongtana only 50 seconds to report the correct answer to the audience. In order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions, and then calculate, which takes much more time than Shagongtana. This anecdote caused a sensation in the world, and Shagongtana was called a "mathematical magician".