1, the tortoise of Zhi Nuo.
Zhi Nuo, an ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, is famous for Zeno's paradox.
Zhi Nuo Turtle, also known as Zeno Paradox. This is a tortoise that no animal can catch up with in the race: when Zhi Nuo tortoise races with Achilles, the son of Poseidon, who is 10 times faster than it, Zhi Nuo tortoise leads Achilles 100 meters. Although Achilles is faster than Zhi Nuo turtle, he will never catch up with Zhi Nuo turtle. Anyway, the Zhi Nuo turtle is faster than him110.
Achilles can run faster than Zhi Nuo's tortoise, and even trample him to death, but he can't surpass it in the pursuit of evidence and precise practice in physics. The question of how Achilles surpassed Zhi Nuo tortoise has been circulating for more than 2000 years.
After physicist Newton and mathematician Lai Boots created calculus, Achilles finally surpassed this thousand-year-old turtle. In other words, Zhi Nuo's tortoise is basically dead, and the foundation of calculus is based on his corpse.
2, Laplace beast.
Laplace is a French analyst, probability theorist and physicist, and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. His major achievements are celestial mechanics and Laplace transform.
Laplace beast, the "devil" knows the exact position and momentum of each atom in the universe, and can use Newton's law to show the whole process, past and future of cosmic events. But the Laplace Beast was put forward 100 years ago and was defeated by Kelvin and Heisenberg with quantum mechanics.
3. Maxwell demon.
James clerk maxwell, a British physicist, mathematician, founder of classical electrodynamics and one of the founders of statistical physics, put forward the famous Maxwell equations.
Maxwell demon can be simply described as: an insulated container is divided into two equal compartments with a small "door" controlled by the demon in the middle. The air molecules in the container will collide with the door when doing random thermal motion. The "gate" can selectively put faster molecules into one compartment and slower molecules into another compartment.
In this way, one grid will be higher than the other, and this temperature difference can be used to drive the heat engine to do work. This is an example of the second perpetual motion machine. Maxwell demon linked the definition of information in information theory with the entropy of thermodynamics, seeking new protection.
4. Schrodinger's cat.
Erwin Schr?dinger is an Austrian physicist and one of the founders of quantum mechanics. He put forward the famous Schrodinger equation and Schrodinger's cat thinking experiment, and 1933 won the Nobel Prize in physics. Schrodinger's cat thought put forward by him is more interesting.
Schrodinger's cat refers to keeping a cat in a closed container with a small amount of radium and cyanide. Radium has the possibility of decay. If radium decays, it will trigger the mechanism to break the bottle containing cyanide and the cat will die. If radium doesn't decay, the cat will live.
According to the theory of quantum mechanics, cats should be in the superposition state of dead cats and live cats because radioactive radium is in the superposition state of decay and non-decay. This dead and alive cat is the so-called "Schrodinger cat".
But in fact, cats can't be in this state of life and death at the same time. If you want to know whether you are dead or alive, you can't know until you open the box. That is to say, Schrodinger's cat is still alive or dead, hiding under the roof of quantum mechanics. Many people like this kind of pet.