Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific researchers (selected 6 articles) Part I: Under the leadership of school leaders and Professor Liang, the scientific research work at this stage has changed the full implementation of the new curriculum into a central work, based on school-based training and focusing on the construction of learning teams, which has promoted the professional development of teachers. This work has been successfully completed, as follows:
First, seriously study the subject and carry out teaching and research work in an orderly manner.
Combined with the research topic and main direction of the school, the research topic "Study on Classroom Interaction Mode and Effectiveness" was formulated. Through planned, scientific and standardized organization, students' ability to enjoy learning, be good at learning and explore actively is cultivated. "Improve the quality of educational scientific research, promote the benefits of educational reform and development, sing the main theme of promoting education through scientific research, and raise the teaching and scientific research of our school to a new height.
Second, actively carry out research on key topics to enhance the vitality of educational research. Since the implementation of the new curriculum reform, students' learning style has changed to some extent. However, due to the influence of long-term traditional teaching, students still passively accept learning in our actual teaching. Advocating inquiry learning, taking students as the main body and highlighting scientific inquiry have become an important teaching method adopted by teachers at present. Guide students to experience the process of knowledge acquisition, let students experience the process and method of knowledge formation, the twists and turns and fun of learning process, learn scientific learning methods, develop inquiry ability, and then form correct values. Therefore, it is imperative to study how to cultivate students' inquiry ability in mathematics teaching.
Taking subject research as the starting point is not only conducive to ensuring that the whole educational research work can be carried out in a planned, step-by-step, sustained, stable and in-depth manner, but also conducive to teachers jointly organizing and engaging in scientific research work, enhancing the attraction and mass of educational research and making it full of vitality. In order to make teaching and scientific research more formal, I not only communicate with teachers in our school, but also actively participate in the school's teaching and scientific research exchange meeting, listen carefully to the teacher's experience summary and learn from each other's strengths. I am committed to the process management of project research, not just focusing on "sowing" and "harvesting". The project must have a semester research plan at the beginning, a project research activity in the middle and a semester research summary at the end. In this way, several research topics can be accumulated quantitatively each semester, thus laying a good foundation for the final qualitative leap, that is, the conclusion of the research. In the process of research. I learn from other people's advanced scientific research experience, explore boldly, accumulate experience and improve my scientific research ability. Teachers' academic qualifications are the symbol of teachers' cultural accomplishment and professional ability. In order to better carry out educational and scientific research work and improve my professional level, I actively participated in further studies. In addition, I continue to carry out information technology training, strive to improve my professional process, and expand the educational space, expand information channels and learn from others' advanced experience through the school education website.
Third, build an interactive classroom teaching model
Constructing interactive classroom teaching mode. In the classroom, students should be provided with a lot of opportunities for observation, experiments and activities, so that students can learn as much as possible in "activities" and "main 1 Zhang Xiaoguang".
It is necessary to develop in "cooperation" and innovate in "inquiry" to fully reflect students' autonomy in learning. Rules allow students to discover independently, methods allow students to discover independently, ideas allow students to explore independently, and problems allow students to solve independently, thus constructing an inquiry-based classroom teaching mode of "asking questions, collecting data, forming explanations and evaluating results".
Fourth, learning and communication.
1. Listen more-broaden educational horizons
Nowadays, the society emphasizes openness, cooperation and communication, and education is no exception. Through "going out, please come in" and other ways, teachers can broaden their horizons from multiple angles and improve their own abilities. On the one hand, invite relevant experts and famous teachers to our school to give special lectures; On the other hand, seize every possible opportunity to observe more and consult more. Do have standards in mind and students in mind, creatively understand and use teaching materials, actively develop curriculum resources, flexibly use various teaching strategies, guide students to learn to learn in practice, and give full play to the initiative and creativity of both teachers and students in teaching.
2. Read more books-improve the theoretical level.
The educational idea always leads teachers' educational behavior. The pace of educational reform requires us to constantly update and enrich our educational theory, which requires us to read more books and publications on education, teaching and scientific research, understand the latest educational trends, learn the best educational strategies and master the most effective scientific research methods, so as to take more appropriate educational behaviors to help students develop.
3, more exchanges-we work together to improve * * *.
In the process of classroom teaching reform, it is necessary to update educational concepts, build an equal, cooperative and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and create a relaxed, rich and vivid educational environment. Through various classroom teaching attempts and explorations, I attach importance to every link in the teaching process. I actively participate in various teaching and scientific research activities, communicate with each other and work together to maximize personal growth, increase professional knowledge and take the road of teacher specialization. I regularly reflect on my educational practice on a series of problems related to teaching and learning, and use the results of this reflection to guide and adjust my further practice.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) achievement and effect
This semester, I insist on making reflection records in every new lesson. The number of students attending the class has reached 32. Looking back at the work at this stage, there are still many shortcomings, and we will try our best to do something in the future. Concentrate on strengthening the research on the frontier problems of education and teaching that need to be solved urgently, keep pace with the times, be pragmatic and innovative, promote quality education in all directions, and do a better job in teaching and scientific research. So as to truly realize a historic leap.
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Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific researchers (6 selected articles) 2 Scientific research work is a very important work in colleges and universities, which is closely related to teaching and is the focus of the whole college. Our college has always attached great importance to scientific research. We overcame all kinds of difficulties, created conditions and made great efforts to do a good job in scientific research in the whole hospital, and achieved good results. Xx annual scientific research work is summarized as follows:
First, carefully organize the declaration of various projects.
In the process of organizing the application of various projects, the college held several application meetings composed of leading groups and teaching and research sections, actively mobilized and encouraged teachers to apply for scientific research projects, guided teachers to apply for projects, and improved the quality of declared projects. In xx, the College * * * completed 15 scientific research project declaration. Project 15.
Second, the quality of scientific research results has improved.
This year, all teachers in our college published 3 1 paper, including 3 core and authoritative core journals1paper, accounting for 42% of the total (XX is 3 1.5%). The papers published by university teachers as the first author were included in EI 9 (6 in xx years). 365,438+0 projects closed in xx. Won 12 provincial and municipal awards.
Third, the construction of scientific research teams has begun to take shape.
By introducing high-level talents, integrating scientific research groups, giving full play to the advantages of disciplines, the college actively carries out the construction of scientific research teams. In xx years, 1 teachers were admitted to doctoral programs, including 1 professors and 4 associate professors. On this basis, combined with the actual situation of the college and the integration of various resources, the related matters of the construction of the scientific research team of the college are being promoted in an orderly manner, and a series of policies and systems have been formulated.
Fourth, actively carry out academic exchange activities
In xx, the college actively carried out academic exchange activities, and invited experts such as Professor Li Mengru from Zhengzhou University to the college for academic exchange activities. At the same time, 10 many teachers went out to attend various academic conferences.
Five, scientific research management to a new level.
In terms of scientific research management, the college has earnestly completed the daily work of scientific research management. In order to improve the work efficiency and scientific research management of the college to a new level and improve the quality of scientific research achievements of the college, the published papers and scientific research projects are rewarded and the corresponding incentive policies are formulated. Continue to improve the filing of scientific research files. Clean up the scientific research files of the whole hospital.
Generally speaking, in xx, according to its own development direction, subject characteristics and resources, the College has taken effective measures to actively carry out various scientific research work, creating a new situation in the scientific research work of the College. However, there are also some problems, such as few scientific research achievements, few high-level papers and high-level projects, and low level of platform construction. These problems need to be gradually improved and perfected in the future work.
Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific researchers (6 articles selected) III. Carefully formulate teaching and research plans and carry out teaching and research work in an orderly manner.
At the beginning of the school term, combined with the key points and main direction of scientific research in the school, through planned, scientific and standardized organization and management, we can improve the quality of educational scientific research, promote the benefits of educational reform and development, sing the main theme of research-oriented schools, promote education through scientific research, and raise our teaching and scientific research to a new height.
Two, actively carry out research on key topics to enhance the vitality of educational research.
How to enhance the vitality of educational research? Taking subject research as the starting point is not only conducive to ensuring that the whole educational research work can be carried out in a planned, step-by-step, sustained, stable and in-depth manner, but also convenient to organize teachers to jointly engage in scientific research, enhance the attraction and mass of educational research, and make educational research full of vitality. In order to make teaching and scientific research more formal, I not only communicate with teachers in our school, but also actively participate in the school's teaching and scientific research exchange meeting, listen carefully to the teacher's experience summary and learn from each other's strengths. I am committed to the process management of project research, not just focusing on "sowing" and "harvesting". The project must have a semester research plan at the beginning, a project research activity in the middle and a semester research summary at the end. In this way, several research topics can be accumulated quantitatively each semester, thus laying a good foundation for the final qualitative leap, that is, the conclusion of the research. In the process of research. I learn from other people's advanced scientific research experience, explore boldly, accumulate experience and improve my scientific research ability.
Teachers' academic qualifications are the symbol of teachers' cultural accomplishment and professional ability. In order to better carry out educational and scientific research work and improve my professional level, I actively participated in further studies. In addition, I continue to carry out information technology training, strive to improve my professional process, and expand the educational space, expand information channels and learn from others' advanced experience through the school education website.
Four, strictly grasp the classroom teaching research, consolidate the foundation of education and scientific research.
Classroom teaching is the main position of education and scientific research. I will continue to deepen the activities of classroom teaching reform and form an upsurge of attaching importance to and studying the classroom.
1, carefully study the "standard" and find the "standard"
Seriously study the curriculum standards (experimental draft), so as to have standards in mind and students in mind, creatively understand and use teaching materials, actively develop curriculum resources, flexibly use various teaching strategies, guide students to learn to learn in practice, and give full play to the initiative and creativity of both teachers and students in teaching.
2, strict management, optimize the process
In the process of classroom teaching reform, it is necessary to update educational concepts, build an equal, cooperative and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and create a relaxed, rich and vivid educational environment. Through various classroom teaching attempts and explorations, we should attach importance to every link of the teaching process, infiltrate thinking strategy training, optimize the teaching process and improve classroom timeliness. Do a good job in "special courses" and "research courses" and have more "demonstration courses".
3. Choose teaching and research topics and accumulate teaching reform experience. Our school organizes teachers to learn how to teach scientific research topics. Organize teachers to exchange teaching and scientific research experience for many times, so that they can learn from each other and write their own experiences into papers.
4, self-study cases, carefully read the analysis before our textbooks, improve the quality of lesson preparation, and write teaching notes in time after class.
Looking back on the work of the past year, there are still many shortcomings, and we will strive to further persist in doing something different in the future. Concentrate on strengthening the research on the frontier problems of education and teaching that need to be solved urgently, keep pace with the times, be pragmatic and innovative, promote quality education in all directions, and do a better job in teaching and scientific research. So as to truly realize a historic leap.
Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific researchers (6 selected articles) 4 When writing the summary of work at the end of each semester, I will write the following sentence: "Be loyal to the party's educational cause as the criterion". How to achieve "loyalty"? I think it should be: successfully completed the teaching task and achieved outstanding results. How to make yourself invincible in the tide of educational competition and always stand in the forefront? I think it should be educational science research. Because educational research is the primary productive force in the reform and development of education and teaching. I have always kept in mind that "scientific research promotes numbers and schools". Therefore, in their own practical work, consciously or unconsciously carried out educational research. The following is a summary of their educational and scientific research work this school year:
1. boldly carry out educational reform and actively explore the road of educational reform.
In the first half of this school year, after taking over the students in this class, I found that this class is worse than any previous class and lazy. what can I do? Instead of going on like this, it is better to carry out a reform and find ways to solve the current problems. I know very well that unity is strength. Try the method of "group cooperative learning" for teaching and class management. Practice has proved that the effect is very good-not only has it created an "excellent class group" with unity and civilization, but more importantly, students at all levels in the class have made great progress on the original basis. exist
2. Keep learning and gradually improve the professional level.
In order to make their own teaching reform gradually successful. I never stop studying in my spare time. I insist on reading newspapers and studying educational monographs every day. During this year, I read Li Zhenxi's Be the Best Teacher, Be the Best Parent, write poems from my heart, Li Xigui's The Most Effective Family Education, the education of free breathing, and Zhou Hong's Appreciate Your Children. At present, I am reading Wang Tan's Theory and Strategy of Cooperative Learning. Through reading, you can really improve your theoretical level. I never liked talking before, but now I like talking, and a pen can write thousands of words. Several speeches can also get applause and praise. At the class teacher exchange meeting held in Jiyuan City, my "Happy Work, Happy Life" was recognized and praised by the relevant leaders of the city.
Three. Carry out educational scientific research
Participate in the research work of "four-word teaching mode of reading teaching: reading, tasting, exploring and supplementing"
The research purpose of this topic is to improve the effect of Chinese teaching and try to present a poetic and colorful Chinese classroom through the application of "four-character teaching mode of reading teaching" in practical teaching.
4. Always reflect and make yourself close to famous teachers.
In teaching practice, we must always reflect on our teaching behavior: how to do it better. Moreover, we should always record our own "footprints", constantly sum up "gains" and "losses" and constantly improve teaching. By doing so, I believe I won't be too far away from a famous teacher. An expert said: teaching 10 years may not necessarily make you a famous teacher. Writing three years of teaching reflection doesn't make you want to be a famous teacher. Since I have chosen the profession of "education", I will certainly do a good job in this profession. Because I was born for education, I love education! ! !
Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific researchers (6 selected articles) In the past five semesters, under the correct guidance of the teaching and research section at higher level and the strong support of the principal in charge, the teaching department has adhered to research school Thought of research-oriented schools and given full play to the function of education and scientific research in serving school education and teaching. According to the focus of school work and the large number of new teachers in this semester, the teaching department has carried out training for young teachers this semester. With the strong support of the principal in charge, we adhere to research school's thought and give full play to the function of education and scientific research in serving school education and teaching. According to the focus of school work and the large number of new teachers in this semester, we have carried out training for young teachers, strengthened teachers' continuing education and school-based training, and strengthened project research and management, which further improved the level of school education and scientific research. The main work of this semester is summarized as follows:
First, organize school leaders to go deep into the classroom, attend lectures and evaluate classes.
At the beginning of the semester, in order to cooperate with the Academic Affairs Office to strengthen classroom teaching management, teach the research room to follow up in time, and arrange middle-level and above leaders to attend classes according to departments and majors. President Song, President Shi Guohua, Chairman Zhu and other directors can conscientiously perform their duties of attending lectures, attend lectures irregularly, and feed back the problems found in lectures to relevant personnel and departments. In-depth teaching by leaders has played an important role in stabilizing teaching order and promoting the improvement of classroom teaching quality.
Second, strengthen the training of young teachers and stabilize the teaching quality.
This semester, the school * * * hired 46 teachers, including 24 part-time teachers majoring in traditional Chinese medicine and 22 young teachers in other classes. While solving the serious shortage of teachers in our school, they also carried out the pairing of new and old teachers. At the beginning of the semester, the teaching and research section formulated the "Work Plan for Helping New and Old Teachers", which defined the objectives, requirements, contents and forms of the activities and the assessment of the activities. With the active cooperation of various departments, 22 teachers and old teachers formed a helping pair. New and old teachers actively attend classes, and new teachers make education and teaching work plans, prepare lessons and design teaching under the guidance of old teachers. Old teachers also give selfless help and guidance to young teachers in determining teaching priorities, breaking through teaching difficulties, carrying out bilateral activities between teachers and students, organizing classroom teaching and using teaching equipment.
In order to strengthen the training of young teachers in our school and make them set an example, according to the pairing work plan of old teachers in our school, the teaching and research section organized demonstration classes for professional leaders and key teachers. According to the three courses of culture, professional theory and professional practice, 12 teachers were selected to give demonstration classes to young teachers. Lectures for young teachers were held. What progress young teachers have made, and whether they can be competent for the teaching work arranged by the Academic Affairs Office through teaching activities ranging from one semester to one year, is a major event that school leaders are worried, school teachers are concerned and students are at ease in class. In order to test the help effect, we launched a young teacher activity, and 22 young teachers participated in the activity.
Third, do a good job in continuing education for teachers.
According to the work arrangement of Qingtongxia Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and Education and Sports Bureau, we submitted the continuing education training plan, continuing education assessment system and continuing education training roster as required, organized three continuing education examinations for professional and technical personnel's innovation ability construction, primary and secondary school teachers' IT application ability standard and middle school teachers' professional standard, reviewed 260 examination papers, and reported the assessment results, examination situation and work summary of continuing education on time as required.
Fourth, pay attention to research, and the scientific research results are remarkable.
First, the declaration of the "Western Vocational Education Project" was completed. We have submitted three projects, of which two led by Zhou Dengguo and Zhao Shufang have been approved by the state. 165438+ 10, according to the notice of the Ministry of Education, the school sent three teachers to attend the training conference on the establishment of vocational education projects and the construction of teaching materials held in Chongqing. In the second half of the year, under the auspices of Dean Shi, the research group discussed the topic many times, wrote the opening report, formulated the implementation plan and sorted out the research data.
The second is to organize teachers to participate in the 7th National Education System Excellent Teaching Achievement Selection of China Education Research Association. Tian Lining, Shi, Yao Huijuan, Claudia, Bao Lan and Chen won the first, second and third prizes for their papers, teaching designs and teaching plans, and Liu Jianyi won the second prize for participating in the multimedia courseware evaluation activity of Ningxia Audio-visual Education Center. Teachers were organized to participate in the informatization teaching skill competition of secondary vocational schools in the whole region, and Claudia won the third prize.
Third, teachers combine teaching with teaching research, actively carry out teacher action research, and conscientiously sum up teaching experience, summarize and analyze it, so as to promote the formation of theoretical research results. He has published 14 papers in the following magazines: Research on Curriculum Education in the Final Edition, Ningxia Vocational and Technical Education, New Curriculum Learning, Reading and Writing, Ningxia Education, Theory and Practice of China Education Research, Teachers and Teaching, and Research on Curriculum Education.
Problems with verbs (abbreviation of verb)
First, teachers' awareness of teaching and scientific research needs to be further improved. Many teachers don't have a good understanding of educational research. They always think that educational research is not the business of ordinary teachers, and they can't realize the promoting effect of teaching research on teaching and school development.
Second, teachers' educational and scientific research ability needs to be further improved. In particular, some teachers don't know how to do research and can't upgrade their experience to teaching scientific research results. It is necessary to further strengthen training.
Third, teachers' attitude towards scientific research and learning needs to be corrected. For example, when we organize the continuing education exam, some teachers ask students to take the top exam and write notes on continuing education. The department does not participate in teaching and research activities and is unwilling to undertake the specific work of teaching and research activities.
Fourth, the assessment of the management of teaching and research activities in the department is not strict enough, and the data of the activity process is not clear and detailed, which leads to nowhere to start the assessment of teaching and research activities, and the assessment rules of teaching and research activities cannot be implemented. There is no one to engage in activities, and the assessment score cannot be less.
Fifth, teacher training needs to be strengthened, especially the training of young teachers in applying teaching concepts and methods according to the characteristics of vocational high school students, the training of digital campus application, and how to implement humanistic quality education, moral education, teaching organization and classroom norms in teaching.
Summary of individual annual debriefing work of scientific research personnel (selected 6 articles) Article 6 Since I joined the work, I have been able to continuously strengthen my political and theoretical cultivation and professional ethics, be people-oriented, care about all students and pay attention to their all-round development. Being a research-oriented and scholar-oriented teacher has always been my dream and pursuit. Due to my tireless pursuit and obscure cultivation, I have continuously enriched and improved myself in teaching and scientific research such as reading, thinking and research, and achieved certain results, which not only improved my professional level, but also promoted the orderly development of all work in the school. In xx, he was awarded as an outstanding teacher and an outstanding principal in Zhangqiu.
In my opinion, if teachers want to improve their business, they must study hard, learn from others' strengths, pay attention to details, be good at thinking and analyze gains and losses, so they can achieve practical results. Therefore, they take pleasure in reading all the year round and insist on taking notes and writing reflections. In recent years, I have studied Introduction to Quality Education Theory, Being a Thinking Teacher, Entering Students' Thinking World, Wei Shusheng's Democratic and Scientific Management Thought, and Liu Jinghai's Successful Education Theory. I started my own education blog, and I insist on writing down my thoughts, feelings and understandings in the form of a work log every day. There is gain in reading and improvement in reflection. Over the past few years, I have developed the habit of being practical, good at learning and diligent in thinking. It not only improves the level of business theory, but also improves the practical work ability of analyzing and solving problems.
Second, discovery is a summary of progress. The purpose of improving teaching and scientific research is to better guide the work of the school teaching management system, solve the problems in the school teaching management system with high quality, complete the dialectical cycle from practice to theory, and guide practice with theory. In the work of school teaching management system, we will encounter various problems, such as new curriculum reform, the application of modern educational technology, teaching and learning, the transformation of underachievers, moral education management, the construction of teachers, etc. These are the objects of teaching and scientific research. This requires us to observe and find problems from the perspective of research, and to analyze and solve problems for the purpose of improving the quality of school teaching management system. Find the starting point of the problem and take effective measures to suit the remedy to the case.
The work of ordinary teachers stays at the level of solving problems, and fails to summarize the methods and strategies of solving problems to the theoretical level. This is the biggest difference between a mediocre teacher and an excellent teacher. I believe that discovery is progress and summary is improvement. In order to form high-quality, personalized results, I often read magazines, publications and books about educational theory, understand the cutting-edge trends of research content and existing theoretical results, further improve my knowledge structure and ability structure, actively participate in the discussion activities of school teaching management system, update my ideas and impact my thinking in the process of communicating with others, and scientifically and accurately express my new, strange, special and effective practices and ideas. In xx, my book Promoting All Students to Transform Underachievers was published in Shandong Education and Scientific Research. Understanding and Practice of Improving Teachers' Quality won the second prize in the paper selection of excellent school teaching management system for primary school teachers organized by Jinan City, and the content and method of Chinese training for middle and primary schools won the first prize in the "China Primary School Chinese Teaching Paper Competition in the New Century". The book "Practicing Humanistic Spirit and Paying Attention to the Cultivation of Famous Teachers" written by xx was published in Journal of Jinan Institute of Education. In xx, Studying Working Methods to Improve the Effectiveness of Moral Education was published in the Journal of Jinan Institute of Education, and Taking Love as a Teacher won the second prize in the selection of moral education papers organized by Jinan Education Bureau. Xx's "Promoting Teaching Innovation by Using Audio-visual Education" won the second prize in the paper selection of information technology and curriculum integration organized by Jinan, and "Looking for Beauty in Life" won the second prize in the teaching scheme design evaluation of research learning in primary and secondary schools in Jinan. In xx, he wrote "Using Natural Projection to Learn Mathematics" and won the second prize in the selection of excellent papers on the application of modern educational technology and the study of school teaching management system in Shandong Province. A preliminary study on composition teaching guidance in primary schools was written in xx and won the first prize in the national composition teaching competition for primary school Chinese teachers. The class teacher should cultivate "three spirits" written in xx was published in Inner Mongolia Education, and the xx planning project in Zhangqiu City I undertook passed the expert group appraisal successfully.
Thirdly, teaching and research, as a platform for every teacher to successfully carry out teaching and research, is the support for teachers' growth and self-development. Therefore, as the principal, together with the team members, I have created various conditions for teachers and taken various measures to create a relaxed atmosphere conducive to scientific research and guide teachers to the road of promoting teaching through scientific research. More than 60 teachers. On the whole, teachers' age structure is too large, and their awareness of teaching and scientific research is relatively weak. According to the actual situation of the school, it is determined that "experts lead, scientific research first; Point breakthrough and surface radiation; Integrating, strengthening and highlighting the characteristics of teaching and research ideas. First of all, we invited Guo Daosheng, director of the Municipal Education Institute, to our school to give a wonderful teaching and research report for all teachers. It makes teachers clear the significance, steps and methods of teaching and research, breaks the unfathomable myth of teaching and research on teachers, and makes the whole school teachers move towards problem-based research. The school implements policy incentives and full support in teaching and scientific research. For example, provide teachers with rich books, research equipment and collect the latest research information, so as to broaden their research horizons and improve their research level. The school also organizes all teachers to seriously study modern educational theories, update their concepts and further improve their awareness and level of scientific research. At the same time, it also builds a platform for teachers to exchange educational and scientific research, creates conditions for the publication and promotion of educational and scientific research achievements, provides opportunities for teachers to display their personal talents, and fully promotes the collision of academic views and the stimulation of scientific research inspiration. In April last year, we launched two topics: the study of primary school composition towards life and the cultivation of excellent thinking quality of primary school mathematics. After a year and a half of hard work by all the members of the research group, it finally passed the appraisal of the Municipal Education Institute in August this year. The most valuable thing is the conclusion of the two topics, which makes the teacher find confidence.
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