Answer: (1) "Number and algebra" is the basic content of mathematics in primary and secondary schools. In primary school, we mainly study natural numbers, positive decimals (positive fractions) and other numbers. Combined with the specific situation, we can understand the meaning of the four operations. The "number operation" in primary schools is so important that it occupies most of the current primary school mathematics teaching. The algorithm of elementary school lays a good foundation for junior high school mathematics learning. In middle school, in addition to the concept of number extended to rational number and real number, it is more important to have formula operation, which is consistent with the operation law when learning rational number and real number operation in primary school, thus showing the importance of this part. In addition, from primary school to middle school, I began to learn the operation of numbers and letters, and on this basis, I learned the operation and relationship of algebraic expressions, resulting in equations, inequalities, functions and so on. , which constitutes the basic part of "number and algebra" in junior high school mathematics. Finally, it is a leap in mathematical thinking from the special and concrete number of primary school mathematics to the abstract algebraic expression of middle school.
(2) Space and Graphics is closely related to human existence and residence, and it is an important learning content to cultivate students' initial innovative spirit and practical ability. Compared with its mathematical content, it is more intuitive and vivid, and it is easier to abstract mathematical concepts, theories and methods from real situations. In primary school, the field of space and graphics mainly includes the preliminary knowledge of cognition, measurement, graphics and transformation, graphics and position. The main means of cognition is intuitive perception. Learning focuses on the calculation of length, area and volume, and less on the content of three-dimensional space. Because the teaching content is simple, it is difficult for students to effectively develop spatial concepts and spatial imagination. On this basis, junior high school has added graphics and coordinates, graphics and proof. This paper mainly uses deductive reasoning method to prove the properties of plane graphics according to the extended axiom system. Through the necessary demonstration of the basic nature of basic graphics, students can understand the necessity of proof, understand the basic process of proof, master the format of comprehensive proof, and feel the axiomatic thought initially, so that students can gradually transition from intuitive perception to logical demonstration, gradually understand the necessity of reasoning and learn how to reason.
(3) Because the contents of "Statistics and Probability" are involved from primary school to early school, following the requirements of new curriculum and teaching reform, students are required to master the relevant contents of statistics and probability step by step and apply them to solve some practical problems. Therefore, in teaching, primary school students can experience the statistical process of data, learn some simple methods of collecting, sorting and describing data, answer some simple questions according to the statistical results, and initially feel the uncertainty and possibility of events. And can make simple judgments and predictions according to the results of data analysis; In the middle school stage, students should actively participate in the whole process of data statistics on the basis of primary school experience and preliminary understanding of statistics and probability, and in this process, use the language unique to statistics and probability to communicate and make simple reasoning, so that students can understand the idea of statistics, master some commonly used data processing methods, make appropriate choices and judgments, and solve some simple practical problems with preliminary statistical knowledge.