High school chemistry
Description:
1. This volume is divided into two parts: the first volume (multiple-choice questions) and the second volume (non-multiple-choice questions). The full score is 100, and the examination time is 90 minutes.
2. Please draw the options of correct answers in the first volume on the answer sheet or answer on the second volume. After the exam, candidates only hand in paper 2 and answer sheet.
You can refer to the following data when answering questions:
Relative atomic mass: H-LC-12n-14o-16mg-24.
Al -27cl-35.5 Ca -40ag- 108 Ba-137
Volume 1 (multiple choice questions ***48 points)
1 ~ 16 Small questions are multiple-choice questions, with 3 points for each small question and 48 points for * * *. Only one option in each small question meets the meaning of the question.
1. The following statement is incorrect.
Developing new energy sources (such as solar energy and wind energy) can reduce dependence on fossil energy.
The only way to eliminate pollution sources is to restrict the development of chemical industry and close chemical enterprises.
The development of high-capacity hydrogen storage materials is one of the key problems in the popularization and application of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.
Popularizing coal gasification and liquefaction technology can provide clean fuel and chemical raw materials.
2. The following chemical applications that do not involve redox reactions are
A. use sodium peroxide as oxygen supply agent in submarine B. A new Cu4 [OH] 2 suspension was used to detect fecal sugar.
C. hot soda solution is used to treat oil stains on the surface of article D. Thermite reaction is often used to weld rails on site.
3. For Avon Gadereau constant, the following statement is correct.
A. 18GD2O contains NA protons.
B Under standard conditions, the number of hydrogen atoms in the mixture of 1 1.2L methane and ethylene is 2NA.
C. 1L0. 1mol？ The number of molecules in L- 1CH3COOH solution is less than 0. 1NA.
D. 1L0.5 mol？ The amount of CO32- contained in L- 1Na2CO3 solution is 0.5NA.
The following statement is correct.
A The valence of hydrogen in hydrogen is zero, so there is no chemical bond in the hydrogen molecule.
B ionic bonds only exist in ionic compounds, and * * * valence bonds only exist in * * * valence compounds.
C acidic oxides are not necessarily nonmetallic oxides, and basic oxides must be metal oxides.
D strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte are divided according to the conductivity of electrolyte aqueous solution.
5. When electrolyzing water, in order to enhance the conductivity, it is best to choose the added electrolyte.
A. sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride and copper sulfate
6. The following statement about organic matter is incorrect.
A. Oil burns completely in the air, producing carbon dioxide and water.
B. Adding concentrated ammonium sulfate solution to protein solution will denature and precipitate.
Acetic acid impurities mixed in ethyl acetate can be removed by saturated sodium carbonate solution.
D. Benzene and toluene can be substituted under certain conditions.
7. The following experimental phenomena are described correctly.
A. The newly made saturated chlorine water has bubbles under light, and the main component is chlorine.
B Both sulfur dioxide and chlorine can make magenta solution fade, and the principle is the same.
C. When sodium burns in oxygen, the flame is yellow, and a pale yellow solid is generated.
D the product of copper wire burning in chlorine gas is blue-green after being dissolved in water, indicating that copper chloride solid is blue-green.
8. The Ionian equation is written correctly as follows.
9. The following operations will lead to higher experimental results.
A. Weigh 20.5 grams of substance with a balance. The weight and the position of the drug are reversed to obtain the quality of the drug.
B measure 5.0ml with a measuring cylinder and look down when reading with distilled water. The measured volume of liquid.
C. When preparing solution with a certain amount and concentration of substances, check the constant volume reading. The concentration of the obtained solution
D. When the acid burette is not wetted by the standard solution before it is filled with the standard solution, the measured concentration of the solution to be measured.
10. According to the periodic law of elements and the periodic table of elements.
The acidity ratio of A.A.H3BO3 is H2CO3.
B.Mg (OH) 2 is more alkaline than Be(OH)2.
The thermal stability of C.C.HCI, HBr and HI increased in turn.
D, if the extranuclear electrons of M+ and R2- have the same layer structure, the atomic number R >；; M
1 1. Reversible reaction in a sealed container with a certain volume at a certain temperature: C(s)+CO2(g)2CO(g),
It cannot be judged that the reaction has reached a state of chemical equilibrium.
A.2v (CO2) = v (co) B. The total pressure in the container remains unchanged.
C, the density of mixed gas in the container remains unchanged, and D, the volume fraction of CO in the container remains unchanged.
12. In the figure, X and Y are the two poles of DC power supply respectively. After electrifying, it was found that the mass of plate A increased, and colorless and odorless gas was produced on plate B. The following situation is consistent with this phenomenon.
13. Under certain conditions, the change trend of water vapor content with reaction time in the following reactions accords with the following two diagrams.
14. put 3.9g magnesium-aluminum alloy into 500mL2 mol? L- 1 NaOH solution, if you want to generate the most precipitation, the volume of this NaOH solution added is ().
A. 125 lbs
15. High-speed rail battery is a new type of rechargeable battery, which can maintain a stable discharge voltage for a long time. The overall reaction of the battery is as follows
16. when t℃ is known, ksp (AgCl) = 4×10-10mol2? L-2, the precipitation and dissolution equilibrium curve of AgBr in water at this temperature is shown in the following figure. The following statement is incorrect.
Point a in the figure corresponds to the unsaturated solution of AgBr at t℃
B. adding NaBr solid into AgBr saturated solution can change the solution from point c to point B.
20 1 1-20 12 school year.
High school chemistry
Total score of title 17 18 19 20
score
Volume 2 (52 points for non-multiple choice questions * *)
17.( 10 minute) The reaction of copper smelting with chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is as follows:
8 cufe S2+2 102 8 Cu+4 FeO+2 fe2o 3+ 16so 2
(1) It is known that the valence of Cu in CuFeS2 is +2, so every lmolCu produced in the reaction needs to transfer mol electrons.
(2) In order to comprehensively utilize a large amount of SO2 in the furnace gas, the following scheme is reasonable.
A. absorption with concentrated sulfuric acid B. preparation of sulfuric acid
C. high-altitude discharge D. sodium sulfite is absorbed by soda solution.
(3) In order to test whether the obtained slag contains oxides such as FeO, Fe2O3, CuO, A 1 2O3, SiO2, etc. The following experiments were carried out.
(1) Take a certain amount of slag powder, add a proper amount of concentrated sulfuric acid, and heat to completely dissolve the solid to obtain solution A; The generated gas was introduced into the magenta solution, and the solution faded. Judging from this, the slag must contain or not.
(2) Dilute solution A and divide it into two parts. Take a part, add excessive NaOH solution and precipitate. After standing, take the supernatant and add excessive CO2 solution to make it turbid. When excessive CO2 is introduced, the ionic equation of the reaction is written. Take another solution, add excessive iron powder, fully react, and then filter. The obtained solid contains a red substance, and the ionic equation of the reaction is written.
18.( 13) SO2 and nitrogen oxides are the main substances that form acid rain. Acid rain in a certain place may contain Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, SO32-, SO42- and NO3- plasmas. Take a certain amount of acid rain in this area and divide it into four parts: A, B, C and D, and carry out the following experiments:
Please answer the following questions:
(1) The ions that definitely exist in this acid rain are, and the ions that definitely do not exist are,
It is a simple experimental operation to determine the existence of anions, which can prove the existence of anions.
(2) Write the ionic equation (unbalanced) of the reaction that occurs when the starch KI solution is dripped into the solution.
(3) In order to explore the formation of sulfuric acid rain with NO participation. Filling SO2 gas containing a small amount of NO into the flask,
Introduce O2 slowly, and the chemical equation of the reaction in this process is. Then spray a proper amount of distilled water to get sulfuric acid rain. The role of NO is.
19.( 15) Nano-calcium carbonate has a broad application prospect. Nano-calcium carbonate can be prepared by introducing NH3 and CO2 into concentrated CaCl2 _ 2 solution through the device shown in the figure below. D is filled with absorbent cotton soaked in dilute sulfuric acid, and the clamping device is omitted in the figure.
First, the available drugs are: a. limestone B. saturated calcium chloride solution c.6mol? L- 1 hydrochloric acid
D. ammonium chloride e. calcium hydroxide
When preparing gas in (1)A, The required drugs are (optional letter number) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) During the experiment, the gases are introduced in sequence, and the chemical formula of the gas introduced first is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Write the chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for preparing nano-calcium carbonate.
(4) Try to design a simple experimental scheme to determine whether the obtained calcium carbonate sample particles are nano _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Two. The analysis shows that the ammonium chloride sample contains impurity sodium bicarbonate. In order to determine the mass fraction of ammonium chloride, the following experimental process was designed:
(5) The chemical formula of the added reagent A is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the operation B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(6) The expression of the mass fraction of ammonium chloride in the sample is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
20.( 14) In recent years, countries have accelerated the research and development of fuel cells. Fuels for fuel cells include hydrogen and methanol.
(1) Fuel hydrogen for fuel cells can be obtained through the following sulfur-iodine cycle process:
The total reaction equation of (1) cycle process is.
② According to the principle of chemical equilibrium movement, the purpose of separating H2 by membrane reactor in HI decomposition reaction is
(2) Carbon dioxide is the chief culprit of global greenhouse effect. At present, one of the methods to treat carbon dioxide is to react with hydrogen to synthesize methanol. The thermochemical equation of hydrogen and methanol combustion is known as follows:
Write the thermochemical equation of methanol liquid synthesized by carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
.
(3) The methanol-air fuel cell adopts rare earth metal oxide as solid electrolyte, which can conduct O2- at high temperature.
(1) The negative reaction is
② O2- in rare earth metal oxide solid electrolyte. The moving direction of is.
(4) It is known that the equilibrium constant of reaction 2CH30H CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g) at a certain temperature is 400. At this temperature, add CH3OH into a closed container, and measure the concentration of each component at a certain time:
① Compare the positive and negative reaction rates, V positive and V negative (fill in ">", "<" or "=".
② If CH3OH is added, the reaction will reach equilibrium after 10min, and the reaction rate v(CH30H)= 1
.