How to consolidate the teaching of basic mathematics knowledge? The cultivation of students' innovative ability in mathematics classroom teaching needs teachers to be guided by modern educational teaching theory, be good at coordinating various factors, create a democratic atmosphere, guarantee students' psychological freedom, activate thinking and carry forward students' personality. Today, Park Xin Bian Xiao brings you mathematics teaching methods.
Actively explore scientific memory methods
The memory in primary school is mainly mechanical memory. On the one hand, we should continue to develop this memory ability in junior high school, on the other hand, we should cultivate the ability to remember meaning. This is because middle school students' knowledge and experience are increasingly rich, abstract logical thinking is constantly developing, and the proportion of meaning memory is gradually increasing. Contrary to unconscious memorization, meaning memorization ability is no longer a random and fragmented memorization, but a memorization with clear goals and needs will and hard work. The premise of memorizing meaning is understanding. For example, before memorizing a formula, we must understand its origin and derivation and incorporate it into the knowledge system we have learned, which is conducive to permanent memory and easy to extract when using it.
From the teacher's point of view, students should be guided to remember meaning from three aspects: First, they should understand what they want to remember, guide them to organize knowledge points and information, give artificial meaning to more abstract content as much as possible, and make it as specific as possible, and connect it with real life. Secondly, teach students good methods. For example, how to analyze materials, remember the combination of numbers and shapes, and how to use methods such as comparison, classification, segmentation and induction. Thirdly, the ability of mechanical memory should be properly trained, because meaning memory and mechanical memory complement each other.
How to consolidate the teaching of basic mathematics knowledge
Pay attention to cultivating students' self-study ability
Primary school teaching is characterized by nuance, which does not require students' abstract thinking ability, so their self-study ability is not very good. In junior high school, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to develop good self-study habits.
The first step of self-study is preview. Preview is a necessary way to improve the efficiency of listening and speaking. Preview is not simply reading a book, but learning new concepts, definitions of new formulas and examples in detail according to the textbook, and trying to do the following exercises independently to record the difficulties and problems encountered. Second, deepen the understanding of definitions and examples through various channels (such as extracurricular tutoring materials and mathematics learning websites). ). Third, when attending class, focus on the key points and difficulties recorded during preview, and complete the effective integration of preview and explanation. The main role of teachers in preview is to guide students to analyze the key points of preview and arrange corresponding preview questions for students. The same is true in the review stage, which guides students to carry out inquiry learning, complete homework independently, find various methods to solve problems and develop innovative thinking.
2. Cultivate innovative ability
We must get rid of the shackles of traditional teaching concepts and methods.
At present, junior high school mathematics teaching has never got rid of the haze of exam-oriented education, or under the guidance of the baton of entering a higher school, teacher-centrism and authoritarianism are still popular, and the disadvantages of traditional "teacher responsibility system" education are still staged in today's mathematics classroom teaching. In the specific teaching process, teachers always take advantage of students' "learning from the teacher" and teachers' knowledge authority of "knowing people and discussing the Tao" and "specializing in the technical field", taking students' main tasks as an excuse, consciously or unconsciously adopting a simple or even rude way to impose knowledge on students as some kind of "imperial edict". Students' potential innovation ability is also "normal" submerged in this long-term "traditional education" without smoke.
The cultivation of innovative ability needs to fully respect students' rights of democracy and freedom in the classroom, so that students' psychology and emotion are not controlled and suppressed by external authority. Teachers should actively create mathematics teaching situations through appropriate teaching organization forms, encourage students to break their own thinking patterns, find problems, ask questions from a unique angle, discuss and solve problems, encourage students to critically question, cultivate students' learning and research spirit of challenging authority, and tell students that it is a good thing to teach students to teach others to swim.
Broaden the space for students to stretch freely.
The cultivation of students' innovative ability calls for "new education", which truly establishes students' dominant position and allows students' vitality to extend freely in mathematics classroom teaching. Therefore, mathematics classroom teaching must create a harmonious, free and energetic democratic atmosphere for students, so that students can actively participate in the whole process of mathematics classroom teaching as an original subject, and teachers, students and students can form a unity of multiple exchanges, interactions and mutual influence. As a leader, a teacher is just an equal member of the learners' group and is the "chief among equals". Teachers should change from an outsider in the student situation to an existing person in the situation.
In the same teaching situation, teachers' teaching and students' learning are actually an inquiry activity to discuss, learn and solve various problems in learning together. The whole process of guiding students to actively participate in mathematics classroom teaching is holistic, organic and comprehensive, rather than only allowing students to participate in local processes such as practice and answering questions. This is beneficial to keep the roles of teachers and students in dynamic change at any time and promote students' innovative thinking. It is inevitable and permissible for students to have such or such problems in their exploration. We should treat them in two ways, give them more encouragement and support, praise them for their correct behavior or good grades, and less blow and ridicule. Good students love to brag. Everyone is eager to be appreciated by others, especially students.
3. Consolidate the foundation of mathematics
Improve the efficiency of classroom listening.
Compared with primary school mathematics, the arrangement of junior high school mathematics curriculum increases the amount of courses and learning. Students often feel that they are not energetic enough to attend to one thing and lose sight of another, which affects the efficiency of listening in the 45-minute class. Listen carefully, using "heart, eyes, ears and hands". Listen carefully to the teacher's explanation and pay special attention to the key and difficult points in your preview.
For example, when talking about "linear function", the key is to master how to better combine numbers and shapes; When talking about "how to solve application problems by using quadratic equation of one variable", the key is to listen to the guiding ideology and methods of solving problems. Take notes frequently on key points and difficulties; We should also use our brains, use mathematical and logical thinking methods and think positively; Dare to ask if you don't understand in class, be good at asking and know how to ask. Being good at finding and asking questions is an important criterion to measure students' learning level and innovative thinking. Only more exercise can improve.
Consolidate the foundation of mathematics
Do more test questions, exercise problem-solving ability and develop good problem-solving habits.
One of the purposes of doing more test questions is to improve the calculation ability. To improve computing ability, it is necessary to break the mindset formed in primary schools. For example, guide students to break the habit of not considering symbols in previous arithmetic and pay attention to symbols in rational number operation. By comparing the old and new knowledge, we can remember the algorithm, bring familiarity with life, and describe life with familiarity. In the process of doing the problem, there will inevitably be many problems with similar questions and problem-solving ideas. In the process of getting familiar with the question types and finding the way to solve problems, it is helpful for students to sum up their own operating skills and problem-solving rules.
The ultimate goal of practicing more test questions is to develop good problem-solving habits. Take textbook exercises as the root and center, extracurricular exercises as the radius, practice and think repeatedly, and think about several problem-solving methods as much as possible for a topic, so as to broaden our thinking and improve our ability to analyze and solve problems. Finally, you can quickly find out what kind of problems you see and the corresponding solutions.
4. Improve teaching methods
To cultivate students' innovative consciousness, students must be exposed to a strong atmosphere of innovative consciousness, pay attention to exploring innovative factors in textbooks, and make seemingly boring and abstract mathematical problems interesting, thoughtful, applied and open by creating scenarios and changing forms. The application of modern information technology provides a powerful tool for students to learn mathematics and solve problems. In addition, the layout of the new textbooks is closer to "dolls", which is more convenient for teachers to walk into children in teaching design and create an atmosphere conducive to stimulating innovative consciousness such as fairy tales, cartoons and stories.
Secondly, let students participate in practical activities independently. The cultivation of students' innovative consciousness is inseparable from practical activities, and teachers often die too hard on students in teaching. I always hope to complete the content of the lesson plan step by step, which will cause too much "interference" and premature "judgment" to students. Students' innovative ability is gradually developed through constant trial and correction. If students are afraid of making mistakes and are cautious in teaching, they will be deprived of the fun of exploration and the emotional experience after failure. In this way, students will only do things negligently and dare not try. In the long run, students' innovation sparks will be drowned. Therefore, in teaching, we should create some "opportunities" for students to make mistakes, so that students can find the correct answers from their mistakes and deepen their impressions. Break the frame of thinking, let students generate a brighter spark of innovation.
Third, we should be good at catching the sparks of students' innovative thinking. Students are in the process of asking questions and solving problems. Although not all will be as the teacher wishes, there will be sparks of wisdom and inspiration. Teachers should be good at catching the sparks of innovative thinking that students flash instantly, give affirmation and encouragement in time, and let the spark burn gradually.
The cultivation of innovative consciousness will be influenced by many factors in the teaching process. Teachers' educational concept and teaching experience will affect the cultivation of innovative consciousness more or less. Although students are endowed with the ability to innovate. However, due to age restrictions, instability will occur repeatedly. Teacher Qin Ying worked hard on "internal strength" to improve his professional quality. In teaching, the development of students is always the foundation. We insist on smiling more and encouraging students to show their talents in a wider range. Give students more flexible time. Then the spark of innovation will be more and more brilliant!