1. Change the educational concept and optimize the educational structure.
The new curriculum requires that mathematics teaching should attach importance to process teaching. Teachers should choose diversified teaching methods according to the actual teaching content, so as to help students truly understand and master basic mathematical knowledge and skills, mathematical ideas and methods in the process of independent exploration and cooperative communication, and gain rich experience in mathematical activities. Students' mathematics learning activities should be a lively, proactive and personalized process. Therefore, teachers' teaching design should be teacher-oriented, student-centered, thinking development as the main line, establishing students' self-confidence and good feelings as the principle, aiming at cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability, adjusting teaching structure, providing students with more opportunities to participate in learning and inquiry, independently constructing cognitive structure, adjusting teaching methods, and advocating intensive training of independent inquiry and excellent thinking. Pursue the balanced development of knowledge and skills, process and method, emotion, attitude and values. The classroom teaching structure highlights the following characteristics: ① Teachers and students jointly explore the formation process of knowledge. ② Guide students to learn to generalize. (3) Take the initiative to question creation and answer questions. ④ Based on students' reality, we should improve the learning methods and strengthen the guidance of learning methods, so that students can gradually develop the abilities of accurately expressing and correctly applying laws, skillfully applying mathematical terms, correctly observing and abstracting. We should also strengthen cooperation in learning and pay attention to multilateral activities between teachers and students. Help students improve their learning ability, break the inefficient arranged teaching of teachers, and put an end to the phenomenon that students are regarded as containers for passively accepting knowledge.
2. Stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics and eliminate their inferiority complex.
Psychology shows that interest is a catalyst for seeking knowledge and a good medicine to cure students' inferiority and boredom. In learning, only by putting students in the learning atmosphere of "sounds interesting, interesting to learn and energetic to do" can they stimulate their desire to learn, enjoy learning and innovate. Interest can stimulate students' learning motivation and is an important factor in learning mathematics well. To make students interested in mathematics, the key is that teachers should make mathematics "interesting". In the teaching process, the following methods can be adopted: ① Well-designed problem situations can achieve unexpected teaching results. In teaching, teachers should carefully set doubts and arouse doubts, so that students have curiosity, suspense and a strong desire to solve doubts, so as to use their brains, think positively, find ways to solve problems, arouse their desire to explore new knowledge, and turn it into a strong learning requirement, so that they can accept new knowledge unconsciously. Teachers guide and adjust in time, keep students' interest in learning, make students have lasting and profound interest in learning, and eliminate the tense and frightening classroom environment. 2 Flexible choice of teaching methods According to different teaching contents, choose the appropriate teaching methods, so that students feel that mathematics classroom is not boring. For example, when the sum of the two sides of the learning triangle is greater than the third side, students can verify it by splicing triangles with sticks of different lengths, that is, they can master knowledge, exercise their hands-on operation ability and cultivate their interest; Adopting cooperative communication teaching activities can not only make students learn from each other, but also make them express their views in communication, increase their interest and enhance their self-confidence. (3) Applying mathematics in practice, mathematics is closely related to real life, regardless of its emergence or development. Mathematics promotes the development of digital society and science, and is widely used in all fields of the real world. Only when students realize that mathematics exists in real life and is widely used in the real world, that is to say, only by linking mathematics with real life can they truly appreciate the application value of mathematics and truly stimulate their enthusiasm for learning mathematics. Therefore, in teaching, we should let students know that there is mathematics everywhere in life, guide students to apply mathematical knowledge to real life, and turn practical problems into mathematical knowledge to solve them. Let students further feel the importance of mathematics and the necessity of learning mathematics, so as to stimulate their interest in learning mathematics and establish self-confidence in learning mathematics well.
3. Give students a successful experience and build up their self-confidence.
A person's confidence is directly proportional to his success rate. The more successful a person's self-confidence, the stronger his self-confidence; On the contrary, the more failures, the weaker self-confidence. Therefore, in mathematics classroom teaching, teaching should be designed according to students' cognitive rules and knowledge background, so that every student can have a successful experience as much as possible. According to the knowledge base and learning ability level of most students, find the nearest thinking development area and knowledge growth point, and determine the level that students can reach with a little effort as the starting point of teaching. Teaching new knowledge on the basis of old knowledge that students are familiar with, even if students study, they can master what they have learned.
For example, after teaching axisymmetric graphics, hold a paper-cutting practice class. In this lesson, a teacher first shows an axisymmetric figure designed by a teacher himself: four children are holding hands and let the students discuss:
(1). What shape of paper does the paper cutter choose?
How are you going to fold this paper?
(3). How to draw after folding?
(4) How to cut it so that all villains can hold hands?
Students master the basic methods through their own discussions, so they fold, draw and cut. There are not many successful students at first, and the teachers are not impatient, but encourage students to learn from their classmates around them. Through their own efforts, more and more people have succeeded, and their happy faces are filled with the joy of success. In the later free creation, students became more confident and created many axisymmetric figures with ornamental value. In this math class, teachers give full play to students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, so that students can experience and explore knowledge and discover laws; More importantly, in math class, teachers let students feel the happiness of success, which is undoubtedly of great help to improve students' self-confidence and make them confident to learn math well.
4. Cultivate students' good will quality and enhance their confidence in overcoming difficulties.
Will is a psychological activity process in which people make conscious efforts to achieve predetermined goals. With the correct learning motivation and strong interest in learning, we will encounter many difficulties in the process of learning mathematics. How to strengthen confidence, take difficulties seriously, and then overcome them, so as to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities, during which managers have a will process. Many students are not full of self-confidence, self-esteem and self-respect, but self-doubt, inferiority and self-abandonment. It is not to advance despite difficulties, but to retreat at the sight of difficulties, which is a manifestation of lack of strong will.
Learning mathematics, like doing scientific research, will never be smooth sailing, full of difficulties and obstacles. Only those who persevere and overcome all kinds of difficulties can achieve good results. As Marx said, "There is no royal road to science. Only those who climb on the rugged road without fear of hardships can hope to reach the glorious peak." Therefore, cultivating students' tenacious will and strong perseverance can improve the quality of mathematics learning.
Good will quality is initiative, independence, persistence and decisiveness, which is a necessary condition for learning mathematics well. In order to cultivate students' will to learn mathematics well, teachers should always combine teaching with purposeful education, guide students to establish lofty ideals, infiltrate patriotic and collectivist emotional education, stimulate students' sense of responsibility in learning, and help students establish strong beliefs. Strong will quality is formed in difficulties, so we should consciously create some difficult situations in teaching to let students hone their will. Strict requirements in learning, guidance and encouragement in difficult situations, in order to gradually improve their learning will.
5. Love "students with learning difficulties" and pay special attention to "students with learning difficulties" in class.
For those students with learning difficulties who have a weak foundation in mathematics and have difficulty in accepting knowledge, their self-confidence can only come from the careful care and double encouragement of teachers, and any words and deeds that undermine their self-esteem will cause fatal blows to them. If left unchecked, it will make their studies worse and worse, leading to the phenomenon of "broken pots and broken falls" in their studies. But it is not enough to help them verbally. Because of their poor foundation, even if the starting point of knowledge is lowered in class, their study will be very hard. In fact, it is impossible for teachers to excessively lower the starting point of the whole class for these students in class. In class, teachers can leave some simple questions for them to answer; Seize the opportunity to praise their progress in homework and exams. Where they find it difficult to learn in class, the teacher will take after-class tutoring to make them not doubt what they learned that day, or invite students who have excellent math scores in the class and have a very good relationship with them to form long-term study partners with them and help them at any time. Let them feel that teachers and classmates don't dislike them, but always care about them and help them, so that they can feel the joy of success in a little progress, so as to appreciate themselves, form the consciousness of learning mathematics well, and further establish confidence in learning mathematics well.
6. Strengthen the guidance of students' learning methods.
Students master knowledge and have a scientific learning process. This process includes preview, lecture, review, homework and reflection. Students with learning difficulties often can't do well in these links. For example, there is no habit of previewing before class, so it is easy to get distracted in class, do not finish homework independently, and do not pay attention to after-class reflection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of students' learning methods in teaching. Guidance for students to learn law can be carried out from the following aspects:
(1). Guide students to master preview and listen to lectures. First, let students realize the importance of preview before class and master the methods of preview before class. Students can study preview before class, which can further improve classroom efficiency. Listening to lectures is the main way for students to acquire knowledge, and listening to lectures is the premise and foundation for getting good grades. Students with learning difficulties are often easily distracted by listening to a tree in class. Although there are many factors that affect the concentration in class, the most critical factor is the psychological factor of students. Therefore, it is necessary to improve students' psychological quality in teaching and help them learn self-control and self-discipline to improve classroom efficiency.
(2) Cultivate students' self-study ability. Students have the ability of self-study, which is conducive to the establishment of students' self-confidence. Independent homework can gradually improve self-study ability. For students who have some difficulties in independent homework, we should teach them to do some exercises by imitating the examples in the textbook, and then learn the ideas and methods of teachers applying mathematics knowledge to solve problems. After learning a unit, you can't just rely on the teacher to review it in class. Ask students to take the initiative to summarize, establish the knowledge network structure of chapters, assign each student a test question, and then exchange exams and corrections with each other. This method not only cultivates students' self-study ability, but also has a good review effect. In the process of compiling test questions, doing each other's test questions and correcting test papers, students make the knowledge they have learned systematic and orderly, and better achieve the purpose of consolidating memory, deepening understanding and comprehensive application.
(3) Guiding students to learn mathematics by practical observation and inquiry is the basic method for students to learn mathematics well. Many problems in our life are related to mathematical knowledge. In teaching, it is necessary to guide students to observe mathematical phenomena in life with their mathematical knowledge, solve problems in life, and make students master mathematical knowledge quickly and firmly.
To sum up, in the teaching process, as long as teachers give students more care, more sense of responsibility and more attention to methods, students can be respected, cared for and trusted, constantly enhance their self-confidence and develop healthily, so as to learn mathematics well.