Gauss entered the University of G? ttingen in 1795 and received his doctorate from Helm Stedt University in 1799. 1807 was employed as Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the University of G? ttingen and Director of the Observatory. His dabbling in astronomy began with the study of asteroids. 180 1 year, he founded a calculation method to determine the orbit of asteroids through three observations, and successfully calculated the orbits of asteroids ceres and wisdom stars. Since then, almost all asteroid orbits have been calculated in this way. Gauss also established the method of finding latitude by using the height of the sun's near meridian, and the multi-satellite height method of measuring clock difference and latitude at the same time, and established the Gauss form of the arbitrary constant variation method and the long difference theory. He also introduced a set of auxiliary quantities in the calculation of ephemeris, which greatly simplified the calculation of heliocentric equatorial rectangular coordinates. Mathematical methods such as the least square method invented by him are of great significance to astronomy and other disciplines. In addition, he also made important contributions to geodesy, the theory of the shape of the earth and geomagnetism.