Buffon's test

One day, French mathematician Buffon invited many friends to his home and did an experiment. Buffon spread a big piece of white paper on the table, which was covered with parallel lines with equal distance. He also took out many small needles of equal length, the length of which was half that of parallel lines. Buffon said, "Please feel free to leave these small needles on this piece of white paper!" " The guests did as he said.

Buffon's statistics show that everyone throws 22 12 times, in which the small needle intersects the parallel line on the paper 704 times, and 2210 ≈ 704 ≈ 3.142. Buffon said: "This number is an approximation of π. Every time, we will get an approximate value of pi, and the more times we throw it, the more we will get.

Mathematical magician

198 1 One day in the summer of, India held a mental arithmetic contest. The performer is a 37-year-old Indian woman named Shagongtana. On that day, she will compete with an advanced electronic computer with amazing mental arithmetic ability.

The staff wrote a long string of 20 1 and asked to find the 23rd root of this number. As a result, it took Sagontana only 50 seconds to give the correct answer to the audience. However, in order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions, and then calculate, which takes much more time than Shagongtana.

This anecdote caused a sensation in the world, and Shagongtana was called a "mathematical magician".

Hua worked until the last day.

Hua was born in Jiangsu. He likes math since he was a child, and he is very smart. 1930 and 19, China went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years in Tsinghua, under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai, Hua studied hard and published more than a dozen papers. Later, he was sent to England to study and get a doctorate. He studied number theory deeply and got the famous Fahrenheit.

The reporter asked him in the interview: "What is your greatest wish?"

Without thinking, he replied, "I worked until the last day." He really fulfilled his promise to work hard in science on the last day.

Seven mathematical problems in 2 1 century

On May 24, 2000, the Clay Institute of Mathematics in the United States announced the results of many mathematicians' selection: each of the seven Millennium mathematical problems was awarded $1 million.

Since the publication of the "Millennium Prize", it has aroused strong repercussions in the field of mathematics. These problems are all about the basic theory of mathematics, but their solution will greatly promote the development and application of mathematical theory. Understanding and studying the "Millennium Prize" has become a hot spot in mathematics. Mathematicians from many countries are organizing joint research. It can be expected that the "Millennium Prize" will change the historical process of mathematics development in the new century.

Carl

Karl, (1596- 1650), a French philosopher, mathematician and physicist, was one of the founders of analytic geometry. He believes that mathematics is the theory and model of all other sciences, and puts forward a methodology based on mathematics and taking deduction as the core, which has stirred up philosophy, mathematics and natural science in later generations.

Descartes

Descartes analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of geometry and algebra, and showed that he wanted to find a method that included the advantages of these two sciences without their disadvantages. This method is to study the geometric problem-analytic geometry by algebraic method. Geometry confirmed Descartes' position in the history of mathematics. Geometry put forward the main ideas and methods of analytic geometry, which marked the birth of analytic geometry and was called the turning point of mathematics by Gus. Later, mankind entered the stage of variable mathematics.

Descartes also improved the Vedic symbols. He used A, B, C ... to represent known numbers, and X, Y, Z ... to represent unknown numbers, and created symbols such as "=" and ","which have been used ever since.

Descartes also has many unique features in physics, physiology and astronomy.

Vedas

Vedas (1540- 1603), a French mathematician, studied law when he was young, worked as a lawyer, later engaged in political activities, worked as a member of parliament, and deciphered enemy codes for the government during the Spanish War. The Vedas also devoted themselves to mathematical research, and were the first person who consciously and systematically used letters to represent known numbers, unknowns and their powers. Great progress has been made in the study of algebraic theory. David discussed various rational transformations of equation roots and found the relationship between equation roots and fractions. David is known as the "father of algebra" in Europe. 1579, David published Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangles, and found that this was the first analytic expression of π.

His major works include Introduction to Analysis, Identification and Correction of Equations, Analysis in Five Chapters, Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangle, etc. Because of his outstanding contributions, he became the most outstanding mathematician in France in the16th century.

Gauss?

I have heard a story in my mind: Gauss is a second-grade primary school student. One day, because his math teacher had handled more than half of the things, he still wanted to finish them even after class, so he planned to give the students a math problem to practice. His topic is:1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10. Because addition has just been taught for a long time, the teacher thinks it will take a long time for students to work it out, so that they can use this time to deal with unfinished things. But in the blink of an eye, Gauss had stopped writing and sat there doing nothing. The teacher was very angry and scolded Gauss, but Gauss said he had worked out the answer, which was 55. The teacher was shocked and asked how Gauss worked it out. I just found that the sum of 1 and 10 is the sum of1,2 and 9, 1 1, 3 and 8, 1 1, 4 and 7. And11+1+1+1+11= 55, that's how I calculated it. Gauss grew up to be.

An anecdote about mathematician Hua when he was a child?

Hua (1910-1982) is a native of Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. He was named Luo Geng because his father, Hua fellow villager, put him on the laundry list of a lucky birth.

Hua was fond of playing since he was a child and liked to join in the fun, but his lessons were mediocre and sometimes he failed. He barely finished primary school and entered Jintan Middle School in his hometown, but he was still playful and his handwriting was crooked. He painted carefully when doing his math homework, but he liked doodling, so Hua was still disliked by teachers in junior high school and was often ruled by others.

A teacher named Wang Weike in Jintan Middle School has a unique vision. He studied Hua's graffiti book and found that many altered places reflected the various methods he explored when solving problems. On one occasion, teacher Wang Weike told his students that Sun Tzu's Art of War Calculation had such a problem: "We don't know the number of things today, but the number of three is the second, the number of five is the third, and the number of seven is the second. What is the geometry of things? " "When everyone was silent, a student stood up. As you can see, flowers have always been looked down upon. At that time, he was only fourteen. Can you guess how much Hua said?

Rudolph (male name)

/kloc-Rudolph, a German mathematician in the 6th century, spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which was later called Rudolph number. After his death, someone else carved this number on his tombstone. The Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After his death, a logarithmic spiral was carved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "