The differences between different arts are rooted in the differences in the material materials that make up the art. Due to these differences, they have formed their own structural principles and expressions that reflect real life and express their thoughts and feelings. The differences in various forms of artistic expression have formed different arts, with different ways of appreciation and aesthetic basis. But there is also some connection between them. Let us compare music with other arts, so that we can pay more attention to different types of music in different periods and deepen our understanding of music. 1. Compared with architecture, music is similar to architecture in mathematical structure. Music is called "flowing architecture" and architecture is called "concentrated music". Indeed, European music from the Middle Ages to Baroque is mainly architectural in conception (including European polyphonic music before Bach). "Composers and architects use materials that don't express any meaning (simple acoustics in space and stones in space)" and follow the principle of "proportion, balance and symmetry" to create simple forms of hearing and vision. Some people think that polyphonic composers are architects of music. When appreciating this polyphonic music, we are not concerned with what the theme itself reflects, but with the ingenious artistic combination between music and theme and the perfect interweaving of irrelevant answers. Moreover, we do feel that these polyphonic music works "have a pure formal beauty, without any conditions attached and without any exact spiritual connotation." (2) The structure of these works is reasonable, giving people a sense of form. It can meet people's aesthetic requirements for formal harmony, just as people appreciate the formal beauty of architecture. 2. Compared with literature, music, as a language, expresses people's thoughts and feelings and reflects social life. Romantic "title music" is particularly prominent. Based on literary and dramatic works, it shows some emotional or emotional changes related to the original works, and some even have certain plots. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's fantasy prelude Romeo and Juliet and Richard Strauss's variation Don Quixote belong to this kind of works. The musical language spoken here is essentially different from the language (writing) we use every day. Music, the artistic material that constitutes music, is just a pure sound without any meaning before it is composed by music. Unlike language and writing, it has some semantics and concepts. Literary works clearly express the specific content, thoughts and feelings of the works through the statements and concrete descriptions of these concepts. Music is limited at this point. It is said that Beethoven's heroic symphony was originally written for Napoleon, whom he admired. Later, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, and Beethoven changed the title to "Symphony of Heroes-In Memory of a Great Man". Today, when we listened to the heroic symphony, we realized the noble and tragic heroic character, but we didn't expect this song to be Napoleon's performance. It can be seen that music alone can't show a certain idea or plot as clearly as literature and drama. It has a kind of uncertainty and non-semantics. Social life can only be indirectly reflected through the hints of non-musical factors (titles, etc.). ). Even in the appreciation of headline music with clear hints, music should not be required to fully express the content and plot of literature and drama. It just shows a kind of "atmosphere, artistic conception, especially the development and change of characters' feelings" related to the plot. (3) The violin concerto "butterfly lovers" adopts a dramatic sonata form in structure, which shows the basic plot of the original. After the soft and lyrical background sequence, the solo violin plays a simple and beautiful love theme; Then, when answering the violin and cello, we can't help but think of the scene where Liang Zhu became sworn at the grass bridge; When we hear the theme that brass music is violent and symbolizes feudal forces, and the violin plays a chord with anxiety, pain and strong syncopation rhythm, we will think of the story of forced marriage and refusal to marry. Finally, the flute and harp brought us into a poetic and fantastic situation, and the violin revived the theme of love, depicting the artistic conception of become a butterfly dancing after Liang Zhu's death. If we don't know the title of the song in advance and the specific plot, who can guarantee that when a beautiful and affectionate theme appears, it will be associated with the abstract concept of expressing love? Even if we feel that the music is unfolding, who can guarantee that when we meet on the balcony in butterfly lovers, we will think of Liang Shanbo instead of others? Therefore, when we appreciate this kind of title music with strong plot, we should understand the theme and basic plot on which the music is based, so as to grasp the ideological content of the music. Third, compared with painting, painting uses lines, colors and other means to outline various visible images of people or things to express the author's feelings. However, due to the limitations of its means of expression (referring to the description of visual images and the expression of ideas), music can not directly express the specific images in real life. Composers, on the other hand, try to use descriptive musical means such as direct or indirect simulation, symbol and analogy of sound in nature, and then indirectly feel some objects and images through the imagination and association of the appreciator, resulting in a kind of aesthetic feeling similar to that when appreciating visual art, which often appears in the appreciation of "audio-visual" title music (especially works of late romanticism, impressionism and national music genre). For example, Limsky Kosakov's "Wild Bees Fly" simulates the buzz of wild bees flying through art, which makes us seem to see the image of wild bees flying up and down, far and near in the air. French composer Saint-Sang's "Swan", at the beginning of the music, the piano is like a blue wave with a calm broken string, and then the cello depicts the elegant posture of the swan floating with its head held high in a stretched melody. At the same time, we also experience a feeling of loneliness and sadness. In China, this kind of "audio-visual" works is also very common. The folk music "Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix" depicts a colorful and vibrant morning scene by imitating various bird songs. The piano solo "The Shepherd Boy Piccolo" is like a faint ink painting, which makes people imagine the carefree and happy situation of the shepherd boy. For the creator, this kind of analogy association between vision and hearing is to transform the color, shape and line of objective things into sound, that is, to transform the visual image into the auditory image; For the viewer, it is to turn the musical sound obtained by hearing back to the visual image composed of color, shape and line. "(4) Although this descriptive means of musical expression can arouse the appreciator's association with related life images and artistic conception, the images heard are not the images seen after all, and the requirements for its performance objects should be similar to those for appreciating China's freehand brushwork. Compared with sculpture painting, music is the art of time, and all its means of expression are developed in time. With the development of modern science and technology and the appearance of stereo music, music shows not only the line movement of music, but also an artistic space. Its artistic effect can be compared with the sculpture in the art of "three-dimensional space". At this point, it seems inaccurate to call music a time art, and sculpture works occupy and expand space through "the shaping of volume and the hint of movement". There is no doubt that its volume occupies space, but "this occupation is static and limited" (5) Sculptor makes the work (volume) show a movement through this unique artistic expression, thus inducing and relying on people's spatial association, thus expanding space. This kind of "movement takes up unlimited space". Appreciation of stereo music is the opposite of sculpture. Music moves with time. No matter how long the music is, in terms of time, the movement of music sound is limited, but it is infinite in volume. Multi-channel stereo can make us feel a touching sense of volume besides the performance function of music itself through stereo effect matcher, electronic synthesized timbre elements and stereo recording technology. Although we can't see or touch the size and shape of this volume, we feel that it is infinite. It "shows a four-dimensional space with length, width, height and time scale". ⑦ In such an artistic space, we can not only feel the beauty of the movement form of music in time, but also feel that there is a music world around us. It can be seen that sculpture embodies the sense of movement and expands the space through the shaping of volume; On the other hand, stereo music expands the space by expressing the volume of an action. Of course, this only refers to the expansion of space. In addition, each sculpture or stereo music work also expresses and reflects its own content. In the process of music appreciation and aesthetic appreciation, we must understand and master the basic means of music expression, music background, creative style, theme and genre, so as to appreciate a musical work more comprehensively. (Xinzhou Mass Art Museum: Wang) Notes: ① Dairic Kirk, Music Language ②, General Theory of Music ③ ④ Zhang Qian, Psychological Analysis of Music Appreciation ④ Yin Shuangxi, Obtaining the Secret of Life ⑥ Tao, Three-dimensional Music Four-dimensional Space Aesthetics.