Basic mathematics is also called pure mathematics, that is, according to the inherent needs of mathematics or possible future applications, studying the inherent laws of mathematical structure itself has no direct connection with seeking common ground while reserving differences and solving practical problems in other disciplines, but only studies the quantitative relationship and spatial form of things in pure form.

Basic mathematics is the core of mathematical science. It is not only the basis of other branches of applied mathematics, but also provides essential language, tools and methods for natural science, technical science and social science. Differential geometry, mathematical physics and partial differential equations all belong to the category of basic mathematics. The well-known story of Chen Jingrun proving Goldbach's conjecture "1+2" happened in this field.

2. Computational mathematics

Computational mathematics is a new discipline that has developed rapidly with the appearance of computers, involving computational physics, computational chemistry, computational mechanics, computational materials science, environmental science, earth science, finance and insurance. It uses modern mathematical theories and methods to solve various scientific and engineering problems, analyze and improve the reliability, effectiveness and accuracy of calculation, and study the development technology of various numerical software.

It not only highlights the solution of some core theoretical and technical problems in the fields of information, electronics and computers, but also notes that new mathematical theories are abstracted from these high and new technologies; On the basis of maintaining the advantages of the main research directions of applied mathematics and computational mathematics, we should attach importance to and strengthen the research on the mathematical basis of information science, data analysis and statistical calculation, scientific calculation, modern optimization, numerical simulation of electronic systems and mathematical modeling of biological systems.

Professional background: Candidates are required to have basic mathematics, applied mathematics, information technology, computer science, data processing and system analysis, engineering, digital images and other knowledge.

Research interests: numerical methods of engineering problems, numerical methods of evolution equations and dynamic systems, numerical approximation and digital image processing, computer graphics and computer software, mathematical problems in optics and electromagnetism, etc.

Standing on the shoulders of mathematics, students in this direction have great advantages in both exams and going abroad. If graduate students are engaged in program development, their salary is generally higher, but their work intensity is relatively high.

In addition, graduates of this major can also engage in teaching in major universities, which can not only carry out further research, but also contribute to the cultivation of professional talents.

3. Probability and statistics

As a branch of mathematics, probability is a science and technology that studies random events, involving applications such as engineering, biology, chemistry, genetics, game theory and economics, covering almost all scientific and technological fields, and can be said to be the cornerstone of various predictions.

Statistics is a science of collecting, sorting, analyzing and interpreting statistical data. It mainly uses probability theory to establish mathematical model, collect data of observation system, make quantitative analysis and summary, and then make inference and prediction, so as to provide basis and reference for relevant decision-making.

Probability theory and mathematical statistics are rapidly developing disciplines in this century. They study the essence and inherent regularity of various random phenomena in natural science, social science and other disciplines, as well as the scientific comprehensive processing and statistical inference methods of various data. With the continuous improvement of the scale, complexity and accuracy of various systems in human society and the extensive use of computers, probability statistics will become more and more important.

4. Applied Mathematics

Applied mathematics includes two parts, one is related to application, and the other is the application of mathematics, that is, using mathematics as a tool to explore and solve problems in science, engineering and sociology. Applied mathematics is mainly used in two fields. One is a computer. With the rapid development of computer, a large number of software engineers who understand mathematics are needed to develop the corresponding database.

The second is economics, many of which need very professional mathematics to analyze. Many related courses of applied mathematics are designed on the basis of economic examples.

The biggest difference between applied mathematics and pure mathematics is the combination with reality: trying to solve the mathematical problems raised by natural phenomena and social development, and applying the results to nature and society.

Whether it is scientific research data analysis, software development, three-dimensional animation production, or financial insurance, international economy and trade, business administration, chemical and pharmaceutical, communication engineering, architectural design, etc. , can not be separated from the relevant professional knowledge of mathematics.

The employment destination of graduates of this major is mostly concentrated in major group companies, scientific research and design units and financial institutions related to the information industry, and they also have great advantages in going abroad or pursuing further studies. According to relevant sources, if this science applies mathematics, it will have great advantages in choosing the development direction when applying for a master's degree, especially in finance and economy, which is more advantageous than the graduates of this major and can also make by going up one flight of stairs.

Extended data

history

Mathematics (hanyu pinyin: shùXué；; ; Greek: μ α θ η μ α κ; English: Mathematics or Maths) comes from the ancient Greek word μθξμα(máthēma), which means learning, learning and science.

Ancient Greek scholars regarded it as the starting point of philosophy and the "foundation of learning". In addition, there is a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research". Even in its etymology, its adjective meaning is used to refer to mathematics whenever it is related to learning.

Its plural form in English and as the plural form of mathématiques in French +es can be traced back to the Latin neutral plural (Mathematica), which is Cicero's plural from Greek τ α α θ ι α τ κ? (ta mathē matiká).

In ancient China, mathematics was called arithmetic, also called arithmetic, and finally it was changed to mathematics. Arithmetic in ancient China was one of the six arts (called "number" in the six arts).

Mathematics originated from the early production activities of human beings, and the ancient Babylonians had accumulated some mathematical knowledge, which could be applied to practical problems. As far as mathematics itself is concerned, their mathematical knowledge is only obtained through observation and experience, and there is no comprehensive conclusion and proof, but their contribution to mathematics should also be fully affirmed.

The knowledge and application of basic mathematics is an indispensable part of individual and group life. The refinement of its basic concepts can be found in ancient mathematical documents of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and ancient India. Since then, its development has continued to make little progress, but algebra and geometry at that time were still in an independent state for a long time.

Algebra can be said to be the most widely accepted "mathematics". It can be said that the first mathematics he came into contact with was algebra since everyone began to learn to count when he was a child. Mathematics is a subject that studies numbers, and algebra is also one of the most important parts of mathematics. Geometry is the earliest branch of mathematics studied by people.

Until the Renaissance in16th century, Descartes founded analytic geometry, which linked algebra and geometry which were completely separated at that time. From then on, we can finally prove the theorem of geometry through calculation; At the same time, abstract algebraic equations can also be graphically represented. Then more subtle calculus was developed.

At present, mathematics has included many branches. French Bourbaki School, founded in 1930s, thinks that mathematics, at least pure mathematics, is a theory to study abstract structures. Structure is a deductive system based on initial concepts and axioms.

They think that mathematics has three basic parent structures: algebraic structure (group, ring, field, lattice …), ordered structure (partial order, total order …) and topological structure (neighborhood, limit, connectivity, dimension …).

Mathematics is applied in many different fields, including science, engineering, medicine and economics. The application of mathematics in these fields is generally called applied mathematics, which sometimes arouses new mathematical discoveries and promotes the development of a brand-new mathematics discipline. Mathematicians also study pure mathematics, that is, mathematics itself, without any practical application. Although many works begin with the study of pure mathematics, they may find suitable applications later.

Specifically, there are sub-fields to explore the relationship between the core of mathematics and other fields: from logic and set theory (mathematical basis), to empirical mathematics in different sciences (applied mathematics), to more modern uncertainty research (chaos and fuzzy mathematics).

As far as verticality is concerned, the exploration in each field of mathematics is getting deeper and deeper.

Baidu encyclopedia-mathematics

Baidu encyclopedia-mathematics major