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The second question:

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The third question:

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The fourth question:

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This part of the extended materials mainly examines the knowledge points of the logic discipline:

When verbs act as components in the whole sentence-predicate verbs, subjects, predicate objects, modifiers (attributives, adverbials, complements), they express the concept of an action and describe a moving system with certain motives and purposes and pointing to a certain object. The action system is not isolated, that is, there is no action without source, and every action has a corresponding subject (sender).

The subject in the action system represented by the verb, that is, the actor, is called the logical subject of this verb. Similarly, a verb represents an object in the action system, that is, a subject, which is called the logical object of this verb. Grammatical subject is in the sentence, and the sentence is grammatically the subject part. Logical subjects are different from grammatical subjects, but they are not antagonistic.

The logical subject represents the sender of the action system, and the grammatical subject determines the tense voice of the predicate verb. Grammatical subject and subject form a subject-predicate structure in grammatical structure, but logically they can be the subject of the predicate verb action system or the actor of the predicate verb action system. When the grammatical subject and the predicate verb take the initiative, the grammatical subject is the logical subject; When grammatical subject and predicate verb are passive, grammatical subject is the logical object of predicate verb.

Observe the following sentences:

Our children planted a tree. Our children planted a tree. )

Our children planted a tree. ) Our children planted a tree. )

In both expressions, the action of planting trees is issued by "our children", so the logical subject of some verbs in the predicate is "our children". But their grammatical subjects are different: the first sentence is "our child" and the second sentence is "a tree".

In expression, the action itself is sometimes emphasized, and the logical subject is often moved to other components (prepositional object, etc.). ) or omit to form "imperative sentences" and "passive sentences".