(1) Look at the formula and understand the meaning.
When reciting formulas, let children know the origin of formulas and the basic meaning of multiplication, and let children know why and why. Don't just use the formula as a jingle. In this way, when children really can't remember a formula, they can use the most primitive method to deduce the final result.
(2) Find the rules and memorize them skillfully.
Many of these formulas 1-9 are regular.
For example, any formula is related to two adjacent sentences. When you can't think of five or seven, just remember five, six and thirty, and add five to get five, seven and thirty-five; Or subtract 5 from 5840 to get the formula of 57. You can also use four seven two eight plus seven or six eight four eight minus seven to get this formula.
For another example, the 9-sentence formula of 2 is what we often say: even number, two numbers; The 9-sentence formula of "5" is our usual 5-digit number (these students were already very skilled when they knew the number within 100 in Grade One).
The multiplication formula of 9 is even more interesting, and the numbers in its formula are regular. (Our students once wrote math diary: Wonderful 9) Separate the numbers of each formula (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 8 1) and compare them. Coincidentally, the formula of 9 can also be expressed by our simple "finger exercise". (The specific expression is abbreviated)
(3) Multi-form and multi-practice.
After learning all the multiplication formulas, if children want to master them skillfully, they must read more and recite more. However, students are bound to get bored when reading and reciting single forms. We must come up with a variety of interesting methods and use formulas flexibly so that children can recite happily and master them skillfully. For example: recite the formula table, which can be horizontal back, vertical back, oblique back and back; The form of memorization can be memorized by yourself, by teachers and by students.
(4) Think about the object and make up children's songs.
On the basis of children's certain formulas, children can find related problems that can be multiplied in life and make up small nursery rhymes in the form of formulas.
For example, there is a numerical formula in a little nursery rhyme:
A butterfly has two whiskers, and two butterflies have four whiskers. (Memory 2 multiplication formula 2, 1 Zhou Xiaohang)
A red scarf with 3 horns and two red scarves with 6 horns; (Memory 3 multiplication formula 2, 1 Lu Hui-like)
One puppy has four legs, and two puppies have eight legs. (Remember Formula 2 of 4, 1 Zhang Diya of class)
Five fingers in one hand and 10 fingers in both hands; (Memory 5 multiplication formula 2, 1 class Cheng Jiaxin)
Some children also add several formulas to a nursery rhyme.
A turtle has 1 head, 2 eyes and 4 feet;
Two turtles have two heads, four eyes and eight feet; (recite the multiplication formula of 1, 2, 4, Sun Haoyuan, Class Two)
In short, in order for children to master multiplication formula skillfully, we must come up with various methods to encourage children to practice and lay a solid foundation for children to learn multiplication and division in the future!
Several ways to share quick memories:
First, study. (1) Read Introduction to Shorthand, and read the "word symbols" and "shorthand reading materials" in the textbook. Reading Introduction to Shorthand is a way to understand the source, principle, function and history of shorthand and learn shorthand well. Four exercises: practicing speed, translation, perseverance and listening' North Shorthand' (4th edition, 4 1 page, 3rd edition, page 35) are understood and valued. Correct the attitude, understanding and concept of learning shorthand. Once you start studying, you should stick to it with tenacious perseverance, tenacious learning style, determination to practice hard and fighting spirit that is not afraid of difficulties, and never give up until you reach your goal. (2) Reading Word Symbol and Shorthand Book aims at mastering the basic process of shorthand. This is an exercise to strengthen the ability of symbol recognition and must be repeated chapter by chapter. Never practice the next chapter if you are unfamiliar with this lesson, but take it seriously step by step. It may be easy at first, so don't think that "easy" can be "sloppy".
Second, accurately grasp. Accuracy is the key to learn the basic symbols of shorthand well. On the basis of "accuracy", we should improve the writing speed. The second chapter phonetic symbols, the third chapter word linking, seemingly simple, is actually the basis of the book. All friends, readers and students who get the teaching materials should spend a week or two to really master them, without any carelessness or contempt. Check whether the phonetic symbol 18 written by yourself is different from the textbook: the relationship between proportion, angle and curvature and stroke order and lines, and whether the angle, proportion and curvature of the written symbols exceed the requirements of the textbook; Whether there are sharp corners and bends at the pen collection. It is best to use transparent paper or pencil to describe in the book, and it is required that the writing of basic symbols must be "accurate" and will not affect future study.
Third, remember. Remember the "phonetic symbols" and "abbreviation methods" of each chapter. "Pinyin symbol" is what we call shorthand "character". Starting from the third chapter, each chapter introduces more than 20 ~ 50 pinyin symbols respectively. To master: (1) the shapes of these phonetic symbols; (2) their pronunciation; (3) How to write them; (4) the Chinese characters they represent; (5) The relationship between monosyllabic words, disyllabic words and disyllabic words and Chinese characters. Besides remembering, you should also write accurately. At this time, you should also pay attention to: A. proportion, B. angle, C. curvature potential, D. relationship with line, and E. pen direction. In memory, we should first remember the most commonly used words and symbols. It is best to use shorthand symbols mixed with Chinese characters in your notes and diaries, or use them while learning, which will be better.
Fourth, the soul. It is necessary to master sixteen abbreviation methods, their definitions and conditions of use. Abbreviation is the soul of shorthand, and we must pay attention to the method of abbreviation if we want to be quick. If we spell one symbol at a time, it can be two or three times faster than writing Chinese characters, but we still can't achieve the recording effect with phonetic symbols Qi Fei and phonetic symbols. Only by mastering abbreviations and using them flexibly can the recording speed be improved to amazing recording speed and effect. For example: socialism, socialist construction, socialist economic construction, socialist market economic system, Theory of Three Represents theory, Deng Xiaoping Theory, China * * * production party, China working class, people, revolution, implementation, reform and opening up, etc. If you master and use these commonly used words and symbols well, you can improve your confidence in learning shorthand.
Fifth, model essay. It is necessary to master and practice writing "shorthand books" repeatedly. "Shorthand reading" is the predecessor of this type of shorthand to improve the recording speed. Dictation training with model essays is a major feature of this textbook. There are about 10 thousand words of "shorthand reading materials" in the book. If you can record the articles in the textbook according to the speed of teaching, and then dictate the uncommon articles, the difference can be about three or four crosses at most. If all the articles in the textbook can be dictated to 180 ~ 200 words in one minute, then the recording speed of uncommon articles can reach 140 ~ 160/ minute. With my own application and proficiency, I can record 180 ~ 200 words/minute after half a year or more. When practicing "shorthand reading", you should first be able to read the full text fluently, listen and write on white paper without reading textbooks or homework. This is the best way to improve your speed.
Sixth, write and practice. Shorthand is written and practiced. "Writing" is a crucial learning link. Only by writing more, practicing more and applying more can you learn your shorthand symbols consciously or unconsciously in the process of writing and practicing. Don't learn shorthand by rote, which means: "Only by writing more and practicing more can you master shorthand quickly." Athletes' skills and skills are acquired through long-term repeated training. China women's volleyball team's "three obedience to one big" (three obedience, namely: from difficulty, strictness, from actual combat; One-size-fits-all training method is not only the magic weapon of China women's volleyball team, but also commonly used by foreign athletes. As the saying goes, "if a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." Learning shorthand means mastering tools, because shorthand is a tool for recording language, and we must master it. Only by mastering real shorthand skills can you have real skills in work and study.
Seventh, avoid by all means. When learning shorthand, don't "fish for three days and dry the net for two days". Learning should be "practicing every day and writing all the time", using the training methods of literary and art circles, that is, "never leaving the song" and "practicing in winter" and so on. Pen and paper (book) are inseparable. If you are an office worker, when the leader comes here to give instructions and tasks, you should pick up a pen and paper in time to quickly record the leader's language, and then repeat it. After the leader leaves, you should immediately use the computer to sort it out, first, execution, second, communication, and third, filing. As a student, I should first write the eye-catching class notes of a certain subject on the cover of my class notes, so as not to let the teacher say that I "don't listen to lectures and practice shorthand, and don't do anything serious." Students' class notes are the best practice. The speaking speed of teachers in class is generally between 140 and 180 words. Record the outline and gradually take detailed notes. Generally, students who have studied for more than six months can practice in the classroom. Its advantages are: first, listen carefully in class and get important learning content; Second, I have a basic first-hand information for my comprehensive review; Third, I listened to the main points of the teacher's lecture, and my knowledge memory was firm; Fourthly, I practiced shorthand skills and skills, which laid the foundation for my future work.