About the author: Jiang Ruijie, a graduate of Fuxing Senior High School, is now studying in the Chinese Department of Fudan University.
Liu Xie's outstanding point is that his theory is poor, but he did not use "Tao" to waste the text. There is an attitude that "the original Tao teaches by applying chapters and learning divine principles", that is, the author is not required to create in full accordance with the sage's Tao, but to trace back and explore the original intention of the Tao itself.
Tracing back to the original intention of Tao is an extremely important link in literary creation. "Articles contend with the times", people have different endowments, and seeing problems is influenced by various factors of time and space. Although they all pursue the original intention of Tao, the results are extremely difficult to be exactly the same. Because Tao's description results are different, "more than words, more than words" will naturally have different performances in literary works. Therefore, we cannot unilaterally pursue the perfect "Tao" to evaluate and guide literary creation, which will inevitably lead to an absurd situation without standards to follow. The value of literature exists in the process of pursuing the truth, and the truth is expressed in words. Too much emphasis on the importance of Tao, such as "articles stop at embellishing things, political affairs can be handed over" and "writers, ruling the country by virtue", ignores the special attributes of literary essence and equates it with propaganda tools. Without the medium of writing, literature will lose its form of existence. Liu Xie said that "the elegance of sacred writing is the elegance of solid topic". Whether in form or content, how to express "ambition" in words as appropriate as possible is a problem that literary creation should care about.
It is worth noting that Liu Xie did not regard Confucianism as his fundamental "Tao". The reason why "the thesis must be based on the sage" is that Liu Xie thinks that Confucius' thought is consistent with the original intention of "Tao", so "Tao follows the sage and the sage follows the text". If there is no roughness, Confucianism will be the only or highest standard for evaluating articles. The following Jing Zong Chapter puts forward the viewpoint of "uniqueness of sacred text" ... The past is old, but the aftertaste is new. In fact, it confirms the important influence of form on the effect of content expression.
Therefore, Liu Xie's personality insight is reflected in Sao Debate. The assertion that "although not wise, he is brilliant" clearly distinguishes the standard "Tao" from literary evaluation. He pointed out that although Qu Yuan's works are "extraordinary classics", they are actually "taking the meaning of classics and casting their own great words". This is the embodiment of Liu Xie's insistence on classics rather than mud classics, and the embodiment of his rooting literary theory in the essence of literature. This view, which is based on Taoist thought and pays equal attention to literature and Taoism, not only turned a deaf ear at that time, but still has such far-reaching influence today. Liu Xie can really bear his praise for Qu Yuan's sentence "Zebei is a poet, not just a generation".
Comments: This article is intended to explain that literary creation should pay equal attention to "literature and Taoism" and oppose "Taoism" abolishing "literature". The author can know his original intention, be modest, speak to the point and have his own opinions. In particular, the discourses in Jing Zong and Debate Sao are concise, to the point, and gentle, which are naturally favored by teachers. The article pays attention to the relationship among "Tao", "ambition" and "Wen" and elaborates it in depth, but it seems that the importance of "Wen" is not well understood, and the original text of "Wen Xin Diao Long" is quoted more. It would be more convincing and thought-provoking to analyze the current situation of literary creation with specific examples.
Meditate like Buckhart.
About the author: Zhang, a graduate of Northeast Yucai School, is now studying in the Chinese Department of Fudan University.
Buckhart was saddened that excellent culture was abandoned without thinking. The country seized more power under the pretext of democracy and launched a more shameless war. Freedom and creativity were eroded in this desperate era. He could not change this seemingly endless Europe by himself. He thought, he explored, he taught, he summarized, and then he found that the essence of history is the synthesis of events full of crises, and he also found the only way for people to remain independent in eternal changes.
Crisis, creation and historian's sense of responsibility constitute Buckhart's thinking on world history. Like any responsible intellectual in any era, he "has a long way to go, but he" acts in collusion ".
Living in the precursor of a great crisis makes the crisis the starting point of Buckhart's thinking and the historical motive force in his view of history. As can be seen from his description, the crisis is a process of historical shuffling. The elastic force caused by long-term repression in history can't break out, but with the passage of time, this reaction is getting bigger and bigger, and finally it can only be released through great changes that subvert everything. Once this power, which is so great that it can even destroy all human civilizations, is released, the world will experience a major earthquake. Turbulence and change will cover the society, while stability and peace will disappear during this period. And this historical stage is a crisis in history.
There is no doubt that many factors in the Buckhart era implied signs of crisis. He was keenly aware of these increasingly clear signs, so he tried his best to find a solution. The first step is to find out the factors that caused the crisis. Buckhart borrowed and developed Frank's ideas. Through long-term research, he believes that country, religion and culture are three potentials to promote historical development and crisis. They themselves may have been caused by a major crisis, but since they came into being, they have greatly influenced history. They interact with each other to form different historical stages, and each stage of the crisis is different. In this era, Buckhart believes that the crisis of this era is most likely caused by the strengthening of centralization. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the nation-state was established. Under the pretext of democracy, the state has great power beyond any previous era. At the same time, with the development of science, the status of religion has become weaker and weaker, and it has lost its role in maintaining social public order, and it has increasingly colluded with the state to form a political force. And culture has become the victim of this fanatical era. On the one hand, the development of national form towards unification and centralization strengthens popular nationalism, on the other hand, it stifles the possibility of developing new culture. Interests have plunged people into a quagmire of shortsightedness, and the inheritable parts of culture have been eroded and squeezed by the extreme mainstream of the times. At that time, the reality was that the country and its citizens became more and more greedy under the temptation of interests, the balance of power under the Vienna system became an empty shell that nobody cared about, public opinion became more and more inclined to large-scale wars, and the world became more and more like a powder keg that had just ignited the fuse. The crisis is imminent.
Comment: The Meditation on World History by Swiss historian Buckhart aims to give students an overview of world history. He was Nietzsche's teacher, and Nietzsche called him a "wise scholar". However, Buckhart is a pessimist. He thinks that history is often "worse than before". Now the artist's spirit has been suppressed and standardized, and what is lacking in development is freedom. He foresaw that the world was full of crises. This young reader obviously knows a lot about Brinell's thoughts. Although the article is short, it has a large capacity. Without in-depth study and meditation on reading materials, it is hard to imagine writing such an atmospheric article. It seems that if you want to win the Boya Cup, it is difficult to qualify without a certain depth and breadth and considerable accumulation.