2. French mathematician and astronomer Laplace (1749─ 1827) mainly studied celestial mechanics and physics. He thinks that mathematics is only a tool to solve problems, but he has created and developed many new mathematical methods when using mathematics. 18 12 years, Laplace summarized the whole research of probability theory at that time in Analysis of Probability Theory, discussed the application of probability in election, judicial investigation and meteorology, and introduced Laplace transform. Laplace transform led Haverside to discover the application of operational calculus in electrical theory.