Self-study ability is the ability to acquire knowledge, master knowledge and form skills independently through students' own learning. Mathematics curriculum standards point out that hands-on practice, independent exploration and cooperative communication are important ways for students to learn mathematics. The learning process of students is a process of active construction. As an educator, the first problem is how to teach students to learn. Therefore, in mathematics teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students to learn to learn, cultivating them to like and persist in learning mathematics in the process of learning, and let students form good habits, so as to optimize their learning and improve their comprehensive ability.

First, cultivate students' awareness of autonomous learning

In the process of junior high school mathematics teaching, students often ask questions when they don't understand, but this phenomenon mostly happens when students encounter mathematical doubts. First of all, they don't look for answers by themselves, but directly find classmates or teachers to solve problems, thus reducing students' awareness of self-study and developing a dependence psychology in the process of learning mathematics. Therefore, first of all, we should constantly stimulate and strengthen students' awareness of self-study. In the process of mathematics teaching, teachers should prepare lessons, design the content in the classroom, and stimulate students' desire for self-study by attracting their attention. They hope to solve the problems raised by teachers and those they don't understand through self-study reading, or when students encounter problems, teachers should first praise the spirit of students' daring to ask questions, and at the same time encourage students to solve problems through self-study reading first, so as to cultivate students' self-study consciousness and continuously improve their self-study ability in the later learning process.

Second, cultivate students' good self-study habits.

In the long-term exam-oriented education, most junior high school students have developed the habit of attaching importance to homework rather than self-study, and attaching importance to doing problems rather than reading reflection, which seriously restricts the development of students' personality. Learning habits are the behavioral stereotypes of the learning subjects in learning activities. For junior high school students' mathematics learning, good study habits are the basis of forming self-study habits, which has an immeasurable positive effect on improving students' personal ability. For example, most students know that the quadratic equation ax2+qx+c=0 is the general form of a quadratic equation with one variable, but it is not necessarily clear that if ax2+qx+c=0 is the general form of a quadratic equation with one variable, the qualifier a≠0 should be added. The reason is that A, Q and C are also variables in the teacher's lecture. When a=0, the equation is not quadratic. So that students are only used to taking X and Y as variables and coefficients A, Q and C as constants. This way of thinking reflects that students lack self-thinking ability, rely too much on teachers' explanations, and fail to develop the good habit of self-study. At the same time, it also reflects that teachers only pay attention to imparting knowledge, but ignore the cultivation of students' ability and self-study habits. In order to cultivate students' good self-study habits and make them truly masters of learning, schools should create a learning environment suitable for students' self-study. At the same time, teachers should make plans to cultivate students' self-study habits and have implementation plans to cultivate students' self-study ability, which will provide a strong guarantee for guiding students' learning.

Third, cultivate students' reading ability.

1. Guide students to learn to read.

Reading is an important channel for people to acquire knowledge, and cultivating students' reading ability is the key to cultivate students' self-study ability. To guide students to read, we must first correctly read and understand theorems and conceptual expressions in mathematics. Only by improving reading ability can we deeply understand these connotations. We can guide students to intensive reading and analyze the connotation and extension of definitions, axioms or formulas. For example, students generally know the definition of the degree theorem of the central angle, the angle of the vertex inside the circle, the circumferential angle, the tangent angle (special circumferential angle) and the angle of the vertex outside the circle, but they are not clear about their relationship. At this time, teachers should guide students and let them learn how to analyze problems. Secondly, according to different learning contents, give specific reading methods guidance, draw up a reading guidance outline, and cultivate students' thinking ability and innovative spirit. For example, reading math extracurricular books with the method of "reading, thinking and practicing", learning parallelogram with the exploratory reading method of "comparing, guessing and verifying", or guiding students to learn cube roots and fractions with the reading method of "analogy". Finally, students should think and take notes while reading, and study math textbooks while reading, instead of skimming.

2. Cultivate students' interest in reading

Nowadays, many junior high school students don't like extracurricular reading, especially extracurricular reading related to mathematics, which leads to many students' lack of consciousness in the process of learning mathematics and their inability to understand or master the basic knowledge of mathematics. Interest is the best teacher, so teachers should adopt various methods to cultivate students' interest in learning in math class. In the new era, we can use multimedia to carry out video teaching, show students beautiful pictures about the teaching content, and attract students to study mathematics knowledge seriously. In addition, various activities can be organized in the classroom to enhance the classroom vitality and improve the teaching atmosphere. Only by improving students' interest in learning can we better cultivate students' self-study ability.

Fourth, build a platform for students' autonomous learning.

In order to better enable students to learn independently, we should strive to create time and space for students to learn independently, create a good platform for students to explore independently and cooperate with each other in practice, so as to cultivate students' initiative, initiative and independence in learning mathematics. This will help students actively explore and gain some experience in mathematics activities, and at the same time help students master basic knowledge and skills, improve their ability to analyze and solve problems, and promote the improvement of self-study ability.

Fifth, improve students' self-thinking ability.

Junior high school students should think about themselves when learning mathematics. Thinking is the driving force of cognition, which is transformed into the cognitive structure of the cognitive through the thinking processing of the learning subject. In the teaching process, teachers should guide students to observe and practice more, grasp the similarities and differences, intercommunication and contradiction between knowledge, and choose reasonable thinking methods to understand what they have learned. Only by studying in such an environment can we